Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511676
S. Michel, B. Chapron, J. Tournadre, N. Reul
{"title":"Global analysis of sea surface salinity variability from satellite data","authors":"S. Michel, B. Chapron, J. Tournadre, N. Reul","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511676","url":null,"abstract":"An integral model of the oceanic mixed layer is used to estimate the sea surface salinity anomalies caused by atmospheric heat fluxes, evaporation-precipitation budget, wind friction and geostrophic circulation. Input parameters are air-sea fluxes, wind stress, sea surface temperature from a meteorological model and geostrophic velocity derived from several altimeters measurements. The model is tested using daily climatological forcing fields, in terms of amplitude and spatial distribution of the salinity response. The horizontal transport variations are the first cause of salinity variability, but that the fresh water flux or the deep mixing can dominate locally.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127619104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513207
Jianguo Huang, Yong-En Chen, Qunfei Zhang, Xiaohong Shen, F. Wang
{"title":"Multi-frequency DPSK modulation for long-range underwater acoustic communication","authors":"Jianguo Huang, Yong-En Chen, Qunfei Zhang, Xiaohong Shen, F. Wang","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513207","url":null,"abstract":"Long-range shallow water channels are characterized by severe channel fading and low available signal to noise ratio (SNR). In classical underwater acoustic communication systems for above channels, incoherent MFSK modulation, or coherent modulation based on spatial diversity and adaptive equalizations are employed. Although being robustness to fading channels, the incoherent modulation cannot solve efficiently the conflict demands between the high signaling rate and reliability. Large receiver arrays may be restricted to be used for some size limited receiver platforms. A novel multi-frequency NDPSK (MFSK-NDPSK) modulation approach for long-range underwater acoustic communications is presented in this paper which is well suited in shallow water channels. The proposed approach is an efficient combination of MFSK and NDPSK modulation. Signals are NDPSK modulated with multi-carrier frequencies, and the carrier frequencies of adjacent symbols are located in different subbands. Information is transmitted by both frequencies and phases of signals. The theoretical analysis and simulation results are given, and also the experiments in lake were conducted. The results demonstrate that compared with single-carrier modulation, the MFSK-NDPSK modulation can increase data rate in same communication range, or increase the communication range while keeping the same data rate due to input SNR can be increased to improve the performance of decreasing inter-symbol interference and increasing reliability of communication systems.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116221993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a model-free denoising of underwater optical images","authors":"Arnold-Bas, Jean-Philippe Malkasset, Gilles Kervem","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511770","url":null,"abstract":"A major hindrance to underwater operations using cameras comes from the light absorption and scattering by the marine environment, which limits the visibility distance up to a few meters in coastal waters when using low-end cameras. We propose a complete preprocessing framework able to handle the entire spectrum of noises present in underwater images. We show that most, if not all of this preprocessing can be done with very generic methods that do not need any knowledge of the scene or of the turbidity characteristics of the water, while still remaining coherent with the underwater images formation model.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121032140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513269
R. Person, J. Marvaldi, I. Priede, J. Mienert, T. V. van Weering, O. Pfannkuche, N. O'neill, A. Tselepides, L. Thomsen, P. Favali, F. Gasparoni, N. Zitellini, C. Millot, H. Gerber, Jorge Miguel Alberto de Miranda
{"title":"ESONET: toward an European network of excellence on subsea observatories","authors":"R. Person, J. Marvaldi, I. Priede, J. Mienert, T. V. van Weering, O. Pfannkuche, N. O'neill, A. Tselepides, L. Thomsen, P. Favali, F. Gasparoni, N. Zitellini, C. Millot, H. Gerber, Jorge Miguel Alberto de Miranda","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1513269","url":null,"abstract":"ESONET proposes a network of sea floor observatories around the European Ocean Margin from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea for strategic long term monitoring as part of a GMES with capability in geophysics, geotechnics, chemistry, biochemistry, oceanography, biology and fisheries. Long-term data collection and alarm capability in the event of hazards (e.g. earthquakes) will be considered. ESONET will be developed from networks in key areas where there is industrial sea floor infrastructure, scientific/conservation significance (e.g. coral mounds) or sites suitable for technology trials (e.g. deep water close to land).","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121100673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511678
Y. Takase, T. Anada, T. Tsuchiya, N. Endoh, N. Nakamura, T. Tukioka
{"title":"Real-time sonar system using acoustic lens and numerical analysis based on 2D/3D parabolic equation method","authors":"Y. Takase, T. Anada, T. Tsuchiya, N. Endoh, N. Nakamura, T. Tukioka","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511678","url":null,"abstract":"The autonomous underwater vehicle mounted on the forward obstacle avoidance sonar is developed to investigate ocean environments. In order to obtain real time, high efficiency and clear acoustic images, the real-time sonar system using an acoustic lens has been studied. The propagation of sound through acoustic lenses can be modeled using either the ray-tracing, wave acoustics or a combination of both. In this paper, the sound pressure near the focal area of the acoustic lenses is studied by using the parabolic equation methods. In conclusions, the acoustic lens simulation based on wave acoustics offers a valid means for predictions in the performance of acoustic lenses before fabrication.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116391217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511721
R. Ormondroyd, J. S. Dhanoa
{"title":"Comparison of space-time block code and layered space-time MIMO systems for an underwater acoustic channel","authors":"R. Ormondroyd, J. S. Dhanoa","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511721","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the viability of exploiting the spatial diversity that exists in shallow water, doubly-spread, underwater acoustic communications channels to use space-time methods. Using a simple 2D geometric ray model of an underwater acoustic channel, it is shown that sufficient spatial diversity exists for the underwater channel to be treated as a MIMO channel supporting space-time processing. Two different types of space-time communications system are examined: a space-time block code and a layered space-time system. Depending on the separation of the transducers, it is shown that the bit error probability performance of the two systems for the simple 2D acoustic channel can be close to that provided by an ideal Rayleigh channel in which each path suffers independent and uncorrelated fading.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116290646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511695
B. Zerr, S.L. Goanvic, B. L. Breton, C. Genty
{"title":"Bathymetric sidescan sonar : a system dedicated to rapid environment assessment","authors":"B. Zerr, S.L. Goanvic, B. L. Breton, C. Genty","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511695","url":null,"abstract":"The simultaneous acquisition of seabed backscattering and bathy-morphology can be achieved either by multibeam echo sounder or by bathymetric sidescan sonar. For rapid environment assessment (REA) prior to conduct mine counter measure operations, the sonar image, representing the seabed backscattering, is the primary source of information and the bathy-morphology the secondary one. Giving preference to the acquisition of the sonar image leads to operate at shallow grazing angle with high resolution imaging systems. Hence, the bathymetric sidescan sonar is well suited to complete the primary task of high resolution seabed imaging and the secondary task of acquiring simultaneously the bathy-morphology. Based on a commercial system, GESMA has developed a high resolution bathymetric sidescan sonar. After a description of the system and the array processing techniques which provides simultaneously the high resolution image and the bathy-morphology, the paper presents the experimental results from several sea trials conducted in various environments (Iroise sea-FR, Lyon gulf-FR, La Corona-SP, Ligurian Sea-IT, Victoria Harbor-CA). The analysis of these results demonstrates the potential and the limitations of the bathymetric sidescan sonar.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124023606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511798
F. Comblet, M. Ayari, Fabrice Pellen, Ali Khenchaf
{"title":"Bistatic radar imaging system for sea surface target detection","authors":"F. Comblet, M. Ayari, Fabrice Pellen, Ali Khenchaf","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511798","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an original approach to the bistatic SAR processing. Polarized electromagnetic field received is considered and used in a bistatic RDA processing. Then, some bistatic SAR image characteristics are presented. Latter, a model describing bistatic reflectivity of sea surface is introduced. This model is used in the bistatic SAR processing in order to introduce the speckle effect and to simulate targets on sea surface detection.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"2572 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127483959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511750
Dazhi Piao, Biao Jiang, Huabing Yu, Chang-yu Sun, Qihu Li
{"title":"The effect of space-time joint correlation on the underwater acoustic MIMO capacity","authors":"Dazhi Piao, Biao Jiang, Huabing Yu, Chang-yu Sun, Qihu Li","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511750","url":null,"abstract":"The joint effect of space and time correlation on the underwater acoustic Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel capacity is studied using the multipath space-time correlation model with a moving transmit array and a stationary receive array. The space-time correlation function of the uniform liner array is generated, which can be expressed as the production of the space correlation function and the time correlation function, so the space-time joint correlated complex Gaussian variates can be generated by firstly generating n/sub T/*n/sub R/ independent random variates with the desired autocorrelation function, and then multiplied by the square root of their cross-correlation matrix. Using Monte Carlo simulations, the effect of space and time correlation on the underwater acoustic MIMO capacity is studied by the parameters of transmitter velocity, array element spacing, and elevation angle spread. It is shown from the simulation results that in the case of a poor scattering environment and not sufficiently large element spacing, when n transmitter elements and n receiver elements are employed, the outage capacity will not increase linearly with the increasing of n, and large capacity gains can only be obtained in a rich scattering environment and with sufficiently large element spacing, and the effect of transmitter velocity on the capacity depends on the block length T, when T/spl Gt/T/sub coh/, capacities with different transmitter velocity will be the same.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129110654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Europe Oceans 2005Pub Date : 2005-06-20DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511740
M. Palmese, A. Caiti, A. Trucco
{"title":"On the analysis of buried objects by processing 3-D acoustic images","authors":"M. Palmese, A. Caiti, A. Trucco","doi":"10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANSE.2005.1511740","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of man-made objects relying on the seafloor or embedded into the bottom can be carried out by acoustic imaging techniques and subsequent data processing. In this paper, a processing chain that, starting from a 3-D acoustic image of the object to be examined and requiring a minimal interaction with the user, results in an augmented reality model is described. Essentially, the chain includes blocks devoted to noise reduction, statistical 3-D segmentation, semi-automatic surface fitting, extraction of measurements, and virtual reality modeling.","PeriodicalId":120840,"journal":{"name":"Europe Oceans 2005","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130365496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}