Evolution & Development最新文献

{"title":"Issue information – TOC & Editorial and Subscription Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ede.12345","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 6","pages":"475-476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ede.12345","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42074261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex genetic architecture of three-dimensional craniofacial shape variation in domestic pigeons","authors":"Elena F. Boer,&nbsp;Emily T. Maclary,&nbsp;Michael D. Shapiro","doi":"10.1111/ede.12395","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deciphering the genetic basis of vertebrate craniofacial variation is a longstanding biological problem with broad implications in evolution, development, and human pathology. One of the most stunning examples of craniofacial diversification is the adaptive radiation of birds, in which the beak serves essential roles in virtually every aspect of their life histories. The domestic pigeon (<i>Columba livia</i>) provides an exceptional opportunity to study the genetic underpinnings of craniofacial variation because of its unique balance of experimental accessibility and extraordinary phenotypic diversity within a single species. We used traditional and geometric morphometrics to quantify craniofacial variation in an F₂ laboratory cross derived from the straight-beaked Pomeranian Pouter and curved-beak Scandaroon pigeon breeds. Using a combination of genome-wide quantitative trait locus scans and multi-locus modeling, we identified a set of genetic loci associated with complex shape variation in the craniofacial skeleton, including beak shape, braincase shape, and mandible shape. Some of these loci control coordinated changes between different structures, while others explain variation in the size and shape of specific skull and jaw regions. We find that in domestic pigeons, a complex blend of both independent and coupled genetic effects underlie three-dimensional craniofacial morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 6","pages":"477-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0c/80/EDE-23-477.PMC9119316.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39607941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetry in graptolite zooids and tubaria (Pterobranchia, Hemichordata)","authors":"Jörg Maletz","doi":"10.1111/ede.12394","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extant and fossil pterobranchs show distinct symmetry conditions of the individual zooids and their tubaria that are not necessarily comparable. The strict bilateral symmetry in the zooids of extant Cephalodiscida is modified to a considerable anatomical asymmetry in extant Rhabdopleurida. This type of left–right asymmetry can be recognized as antisymmetry, as dextral and sinistral developments are equally common. Antisymmetry is also recognized in the rhabdopleurid tubaria and in the proximal development and branching of planktic graptoloids. The antisymmetry of the graptoloid tubarium is modified during the Tremadocian time interval to a fixed or directional asymmetry. From the latest Tremadocian or earliest Floian onwards, proximal development in the Graptoloidea is invariably dextral and very few examples of a sinistral development have been found. The transition from antisymmetry to directional asymmetry can only be recognized in the graptolite tubaria, as the anatomy of the zooids is unknown from the fossil record. Directional asymmetry is not recognized in extant Pterobranchia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 6","pages":"513-523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ede.12394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39723438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size and shape regional differentiation during the development of the spine in the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus)","authors":"Jillian D. Oliver,&nbsp;Katrina E. Jones,&nbsp;Stephanie E. Pierce,&nbsp;Lionel Hautier","doi":"10.1111/ede.12393","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Xenarthrans (armadillos, anteaters, sloths, and their extinct relatives) are unique among mammals in displaying a distinctive specialization of the posterior trunk vertebrae—supernumerary vertebral xenarthrous articulations. This study seeks to understand how xenarthry develops through ontogeny and if it may be constrained to appear within pre-existing vertebral regions. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on the neural arches of vertebrae, we explore phenotypic, allometric, and disparity patterns of the different axial morphotypes during the ontogeny of nine-banded armadillos. Shape-based regionalization analyses showed that the adult thoracolumbar column is divided into three regions according to the presence or absence of ribs and the presence or absence of xenarthrous articulations. A three-region division was retrieved in almost all specimens through development, although younger stages (e.g., fetuses, neonates) have more region boundary variability. In size-based regionalization analyses, thoracolumbar vertebrae are separated into two regions: a prediaphragmatic, prexenarthrous region, and a postdiaphragmatic xenarthrous region. We show that posterior thoracic vertebrae grow at a slower rate, while anterior thoracics and lumbars grow at a faster rate relatively, with rates decreasing anteroposteriorly in the former and increasing anteroposteriorly in the latter. We propose that different proportions between vertebrae and vertebral regions might result from differences in growth pattern and timing of ossification.</p>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 6","pages":"496-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue information – TOC & Editorial and Subscription Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ede.12344","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 5","pages":"375-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ede.12344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48640116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection on genes associated with the evolution of divergent life histories: Gamete recognition or something else?","authors":"Vanessa I. Guerra,&nbsp;Gwilym Haynes,&nbsp;Maria Byrne,&nbsp;Michael W. Hart","doi":"10.1111/ede.12392","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12392","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <p>Gamete compatibility, and fertilization success, is mediated by gamete-recognition genes (GRGs) that are expected to show genetic evidence of a response to sexual selection associated with mating system traits. Changes in the strength of sexual selection can arise from the resolution of sperm competition among males, sexual conflicts of interest between males and females, or other mechanisms of sexual selection. To assess these expectations, we compared patterns of episodic diversifying selection among genes expressed in the gonads of <i>Cryptasterina pentagona</i> and <i>C. hystera</i>, which recently speciated and have evolved different mating systems (gonochoric or hermaphroditic), modes of fertilization (outcrossing or selfing), and dispersal (planktonic larvae or internal brooding). <i>Cryptasterina</i> spp. inhabit the upper intertidal of the coast of Queensland and coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef. We found some evidence for positive selection on a GRG in the outcrossing <i>C. pentagona</i>, and we found evidence of loss of gene function in a GRG of the self-fertilizing <i>C. hystera</i>. The modification or loss of gene functionality may be evidence of relaxed selection on some aspects of gamete interaction in <i>C. hystera</i>. In addition to these genes involved in gamete interactions, we also found genes under selection linked to abiotic stress, chromosomal regulation, polyspermy, and egg-laying. We interpret those results as possible evidence that <i>Cryptasterina</i> spp. with different mating systems may have been adapting in divergent ways to oxidative stress or other factors associated with reproduction in the physiologically challenging environment of the high intertidal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Research Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent speciation between two sea stars was unlikely the result of selection on gamete-recognition genes annotated in this study. Instead, our results point to selection on genes linked to the intertidal environment and reproduction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 5","pages":"423-438"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39438822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation biology meets evo-devo: How understanding the emergence of variation can inform its management","authors":"Kevin J. Parsons","doi":"10.1111/ede.12389","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12389","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is facing major threats from a range of different anthropogenetic disturbances. This has driven the rise of conservation biology over the past decades to understand the factors that can mitigate or even prevent the negative effects of pressures such as habitat loss, overexploitation, climate change, and habitat degradation. Conservation biology has several success stories where it has informed management practices that protect biodiversity or ecosystems at local and regional scales (Swaisgood & Sheppard, 2010). However, many threats remain, are global in scale, and continue to increase in severity. This means that conservation biologists are facing new problems that will require solutions that merge perspectives, theory, and skills from different areas of biology. Given the often limited resources available for conservation it is urgent that implemented approaches are well informed and targeted to enhance their chances for success and long‐term management (Bejder et al., 2016; Kapos et al., 2009; Swaisgood & Sheppard, 2010). Evolutionary developmental biology (evo‐devo), which aims to understand the origins and mechanisms of variation lends itself surprising well to a central goal of conservation biology‐ the preservation of biodiversity, and often the potential for evolutionary processes to continue (Campbell et al., 2017). Losses in variation can be equated to losses in evolutionary potential and increased vulnerability to environmental change. Therefore, evo‐devo has a vast potential for application to inform the preservation of biodiversity (Campbell et al., 2017). Developmentally relevant phenomena such as phenotypic plasticity, epigenetically‐induced variation, and functional genetic mechanisms are slowly but increasingly being mentioned in discussions of conservation biology (Fox et al., 2019; Mable, 2019; Rey et al., 2019). This special issue is meant to capture a range of emerging viewpoints from biologists interested in the interface between development and conservation, and provides a collection of perspectives and empirical work that will inform and motivate the use of evo‐devo concepts and approaches in conservation biology research, to hopefully inspire our current and next generation of researchers.","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 4","pages":"269-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/ede.12389","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39383547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue information – TOC & Editorial and Subscription Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/ede.12343","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 4","pages":"267-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/ede.12343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47367010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What does modularity mean?","authors":"Miriam L. Zelditch,&nbsp;Anjali Goswami","doi":"10.1111/ede.12390","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modularity is now generally recognized as a fundamental feature of organisms, one that may have profound consequences for evolution. Modularity has recently become a major focus of research in organismal biology across multiple disciplines including genetics, developmental biology, functional morphology, population and evolutionary biology. While the wealth of new data, and also new theory, has provided exciting and novel insights, the concept of modularity has become increasingly ambiguous. That ambiguity is underlain by diverse intuitions about what modularity means, and the ambiguity is not merely about the meaning of the word—the metrics of modularity are measuring different properties and the methods for delimiting modules delimit them by different, sometimes conflicting criteria. The many definitions, metrics and methods can lead to substantial confusion not just about what modularity means as a word but also about what it means for evolution. Here we review various concepts, using graphical depictions of modules. We then review some of the metrics and methods for analyzing modularity at different levels. To place these in theoretical context, we briefly review theories about the origins and evolutionary consequences of modularity. Finally, we show how mismatches between concepts, metrics and methods can produce theoretical confusion, and how potentially illogical interpretations can be made sensible by a better match between definitions, metrics, and methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 5","pages":"377-403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/ede.12390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39386834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombination facilitates genetic assimilation of new traits in gene regulatory networks","authors":"Carlos Espinosa-Soto,&nbsp;Ulises Hernández,&nbsp;Yuridia S. Posadas-García","doi":"10.1111/ede.12391","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ede.12391","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new phenotypic variant may appear first in organisms through plasticity, that is, as a response to an environmental signal or other nongenetic perturbation. If such trait is beneficial, selection may increase the frequency of alleles that enable and facilitate its development. Thus, genes may take control of such traits, decreasing dependence on nongenetic disturbances, in a process called genetic assimilation. Despite an increasing amount of empirical studies supporting genetic assimilation, its significance is still controversial. Whether genetic assimilation is widespread depends, to a great extent, on how easily mutation and recombination reduce the trait's dependence on nongenetic perturbations. Previous research suggests that this is the case for mutations. Here we use simulations of gene regulatory network dynamics to address this issue with respect to recombination. We find that recombinant offspring of parents that produce a new phenotype through plasticity are more likely to produce the same phenotype without requiring any perturbation. They are also prone to preserve the ability to produce that phenotype after genetic and nongenetic perturbations. Our work also suggests that ancestral plasticity can play an important role for setting the course that evolution takes. In sum, our results indicate that the manner in which phenotypic variation maps unto genetic variation facilitates evolution through genetic assimilation in gene regulatory networks. Thus, we contend that the importance of this evolutionary mechanism should not be easily neglected.</p>","PeriodicalId":12083,"journal":{"name":"Evolution & Development","volume":"23 5","pages":"459-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/ede.12391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39363218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}