Evolution最新文献_第9页

Surviving ancestors, hard polytomies, and seed plant evolution. 幸存的祖先，硬多截，和种子植物的进化。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag087

Susanne S Renner, Guido W Grimm, Dmitry D Sokoloff

{"title":"Surviving ancestors, hard polytomies, and seed plant evolution.","authors":"Susanne S Renner, Guido W Grimm, Dmitry D Sokoloff","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag087","url":null,"abstract":"Forty years of phylogenetic analysis have failed to resolve the relationships among the major groups of seed plants. From the fossil record, it is clear that more seed plant groups have gone extinct than are extant, though some direct ancestors of today's clades could have survived. Here, we reanalyze morphological matrices relevant to seed plants, applying two underutilized visualization tools: Networks for displaying incompatible phylogenetic signal and Romerograms (spindle diagrams) for depicting alternative relationships, suspected budding speciation, and surviving ancestors. Surviving ancestors give rise to hard polytomies, and networks may help pinpoint them as suggested by experiments in which we added simulated ancestors to our matrix. Romerograms-whose reproducible construction we illustrate-offer a heuristic means of representing phylogenetic hypotheses, and we argue that the field's near-exclusive focus on identifying sister groups and representing them in cladograms may have driven phylogenetics into an impasse. Identifying true evolutionary polytomies warrants further methodological research, but broadening the repertoire of data visualization approaches may help overcome the field's entrenched bias toward strictly dichotomous trees.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1613-1619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adaptive benefits of hybridization in Saccharomyces yeast are constrained by genomic background and depend on temperature. 酵母菌杂交的适应性利益受基因组背景和温度的限制。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag108

Chloé Haberkorn, Noah Gettle, Jacob Elsen, Nahui Olin Medina Chavez, Jordan Sivigny, Beatriz Baselga-Cervera, Duncan Greig, Michael Travisano, Gerda Saxer, Rike Stelkens

{"title":"Adaptive benefits of hybridization in Saccharomyces yeast are constrained by genomic background and depend on temperature.","authors":"Chloé Haberkorn, Noah Gettle, Jacob Elsen, Nahui Olin Medina Chavez, Jordan Sivigny, Beatriz Baselga-Cervera, Duncan Greig, Michael Travisano, Gerda Saxer, Rike Stelkens","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag108","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change urges us to better understand and predict evolutionary responses to temperature shifts. Hybridization, by increasing genetic variation, can widen the range of adaptive responses and genetic mechanisms available to survive temperature changes. However, genomic data on the long-term effect of hybridization on adaptation is rare, and the molecular mechanisms usually remain unclear. Here, we hybridized two divergent species of Saccharomyces yeast. We experimentally evolved both hybrid and parental populations for 200 generations under hot (30 °C), cold (16 °C), and fluctuating (16-30 °C) temperature regimes. Most hybrids showed intermediate growth, but the large variance produced by hybridization also led to thermally transgressive hybrids with high performance. Across regimes, response to selection scaled negatively with ancestral growth, consistent with diminishing-returns epistasis. Analysis of genes with identified mutations revealed enrichment in multiple shared annotation terms between populations evolved in cold and fluctuating environments, such as cell wall functions. Evolved hybrid populations, across all evolution regimes, accumulated significantly more de novo copy number variants than both parental species, indicating extensive genome restructuring in hybrids. This increased structural variation may provide a substrate for selection and adaptive divergence among hybrid lineages. Our results suggest that hybridization can lead to increased growth, especially in hot and thermally unstable environments, by capitalizing on the genomic content inherited from one or the other parental species.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1837-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digest: Form-function relationships across scales in lacertid lizards. 摘要：在鳞蜥的形式-功能关系。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag112

Vanessa Parra, Yuanxing Liao, Phillip L Skipwith

引用次数: 0

Biomechanical trade-offs and the evolutionary dynamics of weapon morphology: phylogenetic comparative evidence from scorpion pincers. 武器形态的生物力学权衡和进化动力学：来自蝎子钳的系统发育比较证据。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag097

Stênio Ítalo Araújo Foerster

{"title":"Biomechanical trade-offs and the evolutionary dynamics of weapon morphology: phylogenetic comparative evidence from scorpion pincers.","authors":"Stênio Ítalo Araújo Foerster","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag097","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag097","url":null,"abstract":"Pincer-like appendages are multifunctional structures that have evolved repeatedly within Arthropoda. In scorpions, they appear in the form of pedipalp chelae, providing an excellent example of form-function integration in evolutionary biology. Performance traits such as pinch force, closing speed, and mechanical resistance can be reliably predicted from chela morphology and directly influence fitness through a wide range of interactions. Despite this, the evolutionary trajectories underlying the morphological diversity of the scorpion chelae remain poorly understood. Phylogenetic comparative analyses were conducted on chela measurements from 547 species (ca. 19% of all known scorpion species) to examine evolutionary allometry and to test whether chela length, width, and height were characterized by similar evolutionary rates and stabilizing regimes. Positive allometry was detected across all dimensions, with height scaling most steeply with body size. Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models revealed distinct evolutionary dynamics: chela length exhibited the highest instantaneous evolutionary rate while simultaneously experiencing the strongest stabilizing selection, whereas height and width displayed comparable long-term variance despite differing rates, consistent with coordinated functional constraints on robustness. These findings demonstrate that high rates of phenotypic evolution do not necessarily imply weak selection but rather indicate the magnitude of stochastic forces that selection must counteract to maintain functional integrity.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1766-1776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148005171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parent-offspring conflict over sex determination in non-Mendelian systems. 非孟德尔系统中性别决定的亲子冲突。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag098

Thomas J Hitchcock, Robert B Baird

{"title":"Parent-offspring conflict over sex determination in non-Mendelian systems.","authors":"Thomas J Hitchcock, Robert B Baird","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag098","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag098","url":null,"abstract":"Across the tree of life, many organisms exhibit asymmetric inheritance systems in which males and females contribute differently to the long-term genetic future of the population. Although in such groups, the sexes ultimately differ in their contributions, the zygotes that become males and females often start out genetically identical, with sex determined by maternal factors deposited into the embryo. However, there has been little work considering what the optimal sex ratio is from the perspective of the offspring in such scenarios, how this may differ from their parents, and how such conflicts may be modulated by other ecological factors. To investigate this, we develop analytical models to calculate the optimal sex allocation under a range of asymmetric genetic systems, and under the control of different parties. We then investigate the effects of various population structures and mating systems to consider their effects in shaping such conflicts. We find that asymmetric genetic systems may be prone to perpetual ongoing conflict between mothers and offspring over sex determination, even in panmictic populations. This may be one factor explaining the diverse and unusual sets of sex-determining systems seen in these groups.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1877-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148162151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generalization as the great leap in evolvability: insights from machine learning. 泛化是可进化性的巨大飞跃：来自机器学习的见解。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag111

Steven A Frank

{"title":"Generalization as the great leap in evolvability: insights from machine learning.","authors":"Steven A Frank","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag111","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag111","url":null,"abstract":"Natural selection encodes learned information in the genome. Learned solutions may be tuned specifically to past challenges, failing in altered environments. Or solutions can be general, capturing the essential structure of the challenge and performing well across variations within the abstract class. For example, a neural system might recognize the exact outlines of a rattlesnake but not other snakes, or it might recognize the essence of snakeness. The problem of how a system generalizes is a fundamental aspect of evolvability, the ability of a system to learn broad solutions to novel challenges. In recent years, machine learning has significantly advanced our understanding of when systems generalize their learned solutions and how they accomplish such generalization. One surprising discovery overturned conventional wisdom about learning. Large systems, with more adjustable parameters than the dimensions of the incoming data, do not merely memorize the data patterns in the way suggested by traditional theory. Instead, systems with more parameters generalize better than smaller systems. Because natural selection is a learning algorithm, the new theory of generalization applies to biological evolution. Specifically, increasing regulatory complexity and parameterization associates with increasing evolvability for the discovery of general solutions. This link between genomic complexity and generalization may have been a primary driving force in evolutionary history.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1620-1624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148224092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinism and contingency in the evolution of giant filter-feeding vertebrates. 巨型滤食性脊椎动物进化中的决定论与偶然性。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag078

Jaime López-Galán, Humberto G Ferrón, Héctor Botella

{"title":"Determinism and contingency in the evolution of giant filter-feeding vertebrates.","authors":"Jaime López-Galán, Humberto G Ferrón, Héctor Botella","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag078","url":null,"abstract":"Giant suspension feeders have evolved repeatedly across vertebrates, but the relative roles of deterministic factors and phylogenetic contingency remain unclear. To test this, we integrate new selachian data with published pachycormiform and cetacean datasets to reconstruct phylomorphospaces from standardized cranial, dental, and jaw metrics (gape, orbit size, mechanical advantage, mandibular aspect ratio), evaluate convergence using quantitative metrics, and fit alternative multivariate evolutionary models. Independent lineages evolve from distinct macrophagous ancestors but follow roughly parallel trajectories into a shared morphospace region linked to efficient capture of small planktonic prey. Overlap is limited: Pachycormiforms and filter-feeding selachians occupy adjoining areas, while mysticetes extend to a distinct endpoint along the same functional continuum. Convergence is strongest across clades, particularly between pachycormiforms and selachians, and comparatively weak within clades. Evolutionary modeling favors multiregime Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes over Brownian or single-regime alternatives, identifying either three clade-specific optima or a shared optimum for pachycormiforms and selachians distinct from cetaceans. These results reveal repeated convergence on analogous functional designs stabilized around lineage-specific adaptive peaks. Giant filter-feeders thus illustrate how selective pressures can guide evolutionary direction, while historical constraints shape trajectories-showing determinism and contingency as complementary forces.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1672-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147835630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digest: Directional selection in human limb evolution. 文摘：人类肢体进化中的方向选择。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag091

Derin Tecel

引用次数: 0

Feeding ecology and allometry underlie distinct axes of mandible and leg evolution in tropical termites. 摄食生态和异速生长是热带白蚁下颌骨和腿部进化的不同轴的基础。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag106

Felipe O Cerezer, Renato Almeida de Azevedo, José Wellington de Morais, Cristian de Sales Dambros

{"title":"Feeding ecology and allometry underlie distinct axes of mandible and leg evolution in tropical termites.","authors":"Felipe O Cerezer, Renato Almeida de Azevedo, José Wellington de Morais, Cristian de Sales Dambros","doi":"10.1093/evolut/qpag106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/evolut/qpag106","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how ecological pressures and allometry contribute to morphological evolution remains a central goal in evolutionary biology. We examined mandible and leg shape in nearly 100 Amazonian termite species using geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. This approach allowed us to assess how feeding ecology and centroid size of body parts contribute to shape variation while accounting for shared evolutionary history across species. We show that mandible shape varies with feeding ecology along a wood-to-soil (humification) gradient, with wood-feeding species exhibiting shorter, more robust mandibles and soil-feeding species showing more elongated forms with a prominent apical tooth. In contrast, leg shape is best explained by leg centroid size and shows limited differentiation across feeding groups. Evolutionary model comparisons indicate that mandible shape is consistent with models suggesting multiple evolutionary optima associated with feeding habit, whereas leg shape is better described by a single optimum. Together, our results indicate that mandible and leg morphology vary along complementary axes: mandibles reflect dietary variation, while legs predominantly scale with size. This illustrates how different processes govern morphological variation in a diverse tropical termite radiation.","PeriodicalId":12082,"journal":{"name":"Evolution","volume":" ","pages":"1806-1819"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148155871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digest: Chance and necessity shape introgression patterns across three replicate avian hybrid zones. 摘要：偶然性和必然性形成了三个复制鸟类杂交带的渗入模式。

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学

Evolution Pub Date : 2026-08-17 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpag058

Jente Ottenburghs

引用次数: 0