European Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Some Important Genes from the Trichomes of Boerhaavia diffusa L. Fruits by RNA Isolation","authors":"G. Chaudhary, P. K. Dantu","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100066","url":null,"abstract":"Trichomes play an important role in many physiological and ecological aspects of plants. ESTs from the fruit trichomes are reporting first time, from this plant. Our previous paper reported about the morphology, histochemical and ontology studies of plants trichomes while present paper focused on the ESTs derived from the glandular and nonglandular trichomes on fruits and its analysis. A total 700 ESTs were sequenced from cDNA library of trichomes of an average length of 435 bp. Cluster analysis indicates the presence of 52 counting and 110 singletones transcript redundancy of 54% which means that at least 44% of the total ESTs might yield some useful genes. About 93 sequences annotated to only one GO category and established pathway association to 65 sequences in Keyto encyclopedia of gene and genomics (KEGG). Expression analyses of selected set of genes are known to be involved in the pathway of secondary metabolite synthesis. ESTs determination reports some important proteins, saturated and unsaturated lipids, proteins like flavon-6-phosphate, chalocone synthase, lipoxigenase etc., important metabolites for plant protection. This research is reporting first time from the fruit trichomes and it’s containing lots of useful secondary compounds. So being an important medicinal plant it has capacity for chemical synthesis and secretion for the production of natural products but trichome-specific metabolic pathways and genes involved in various trichome developmental stages have remained unknown. Furthermore, only a very limited amount of plant trichome genomics information is available in scattered databases so further work helpful to increase the secondary metabolic contained that will opens new pathway for the pharmaceutical line.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72693462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Analysis of Clinical Waste Management System in National Hospital of Sri Lanka","authors":"D. Jayawardena","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100049","url":null,"abstract":"Health care waste at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) consists of infectious, hazardous as well as nonhazardous waste generated at various places within the institution. Health care waste management function in the NHSL is outsourced to a private company. Waste Management needs due attention and if the procedure did not follow the safe methods definitely create a great problem to the patients, staff as well as the public and the environment. The segregation of waste at the selected units was satisfactory. All (100%) units had a sharp bin to separately collect needles and other sharp materials. They used color code in waste bins. Occupational safety measures take during handling waste were not satisfactory. None of them were found wearing protective gloves, masks or boots. Even though the wards practice segregation of waste according to the color code, the transportation of waste from wards to the disposal area was unhealthy and not up to the standards. This was mainly due to the carelessness of the staff, supervisors and the cleaning service workers. The knowledge on safe handling and transporting waste among waste handlers were not adequate thus they deserves for training on healthcare waste management.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73301438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Variation in Murine Kidney Toxicity to the Antituberculosis Agent (Isoniazid)","authors":"Nouha Souayed, Z. Haouas, Ghada Souid, A. Zakhama, N. Boughattas","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Isoniazid is a drug largely used for both the treatment and prophylaxis of Tuberculosis. In this study, we investigated whether INH-induced nephrotoxicity is influenced by dosing-time. Materials and Methods: A potentially toxic INH dose (120 mg/kg) was injected by i.p. route to different groups of animals at three different circadian times: 1, 9 and 17 hours after light onset (HALO). INH administration at 1 and 9 HALO resulted in maximum and minimum nephrotoxicity respectively. Toxicity was assessed by the significant increase in both biochemical parameters of kidney function (Urea: URE, Uric Acid: URI and Creatinine: CERT) and stress oxidative (Malondialdehyde: MDA). These results were correlated with the severe and minor renal histopathological observed at 1 and at 9 HALO respectively. Conclusion: The optimal tolerance or least side effects were detected when INH was injected in the second part of the light-rest span (9 HALO) of mice.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87669469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant of receptor-preference switch in influenza hemagglutinin","authors":"Qinghua Wang","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215-C1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215-C1-001","url":null,"abstract":"Hemagglutinin (HA) is one of the two major glycoproteins on the surface of influenza virus. One main function of HA is to selectively bind to sialic-acid receptors on host cells to trigger viral entry by endocytosis. There are two types of sialic-acid receptors that HA recognize: α(2, 3)-linked avian-like receptors and α(2, 6)-linked humans-like receptors. Frequently, a small number of substitutions in HA would endorse a switch in receptorbinding specificity from avian-like to human-like receptors, thus allowing cross-species transmission. In biology, hemagglutinin or haemagglutinin are glycoproteins which cause red blood cells (RBCs) to agglutinate or clump together. (Note that agglutination is one among three steps within the more complex process of coagulation.) The method of the RBC's agglutinating is named hemagglutination or haemagglutination. Antibodies and lectins are commonly known hemagglutinins. Hemagglutination are often wont to identify RBC surface antigens (with known antibodies) or to screen for antibodies (with RBCs with known surface antigens). Using anti-A and anti-B antibodies that bind specifically to either the A or to the B blood type surface antigens on RBCs it's possible to check alittle sample of blood and determine the ABO blood type (or blood type) of a private . The bedside card method of blood type ing relies on visual agglutination to work out a person's blood group. The cardboard board has dried blood type antibody reagents fixed onto its surface and a drop of the individual's blood is placed on each area on the card. The presence or absence of visual agglutination enables a fast and \u0000 \u0000  \u0000 \u0000convenient method of determining the ABO and Rhesus status of the individual. Flu viruses travel through the air in droplets when someone with the infection coughs, sneezes or talks. you'll inhale the droplets directly, otherwise you can devour the germs from an object — like a telephone or keypad — then transfer them to your eyes, nose or mouth. People with the virus are likely contagious from the day approximately before symptoms first appear until about five days after symptoms begin. Children and other people with weakened immune systems could also be contagious for a rather longer time. Influenza viruses are constantly changing, with new strains appearing regularly. If you've had influenza within the past, your body has already made antibodies to fight that specific strain of the virus. If future influenza viruses are almost like those you've encountered before, either by having the disease or by getting vaccinated, those antibodies may prevent infection or lessen its severity. But antibodies against flu viruses you've encountered within the past can't protect you from new influenza strains which will be very different immunologically from what you had before. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual flu vaccination for everybody age 6 months or older. Each year's seasonal flu vaccine contains ","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78094619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry based identification of novel allergens from sunflower pollen: A common sensitizer to rhinitis patients","authors":"ini Ghosh, P. Naren, ey, Swati Gupta Bhattacharya","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215-C1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215-C1-002","url":null,"abstract":"Glycosylation of therapeutic recombinant proteins is of importance due to its potential impact on solubility, bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of glycoprotein pharmaceuticals. Detailed characterization of glycans present on recombinant glycoprotein remains an important challenge in the development and production of biotherapeutics. Analytical strategies for characterization of N- and O- glycosylation and monosaccharides analysis will be presented. These include comparison of HILIC-FLR, MALDI-TOF MS and CE-LIF for N-glycan analysis, choice of a method for quantitative and non-selective release of O-linked glycans, and selection of a method for monosaccharide composition analysis. With few exceptions (e.g., deoxyribose), monosaccharides have this chemical formula: (CH2O)x, where conventionally x ≥ 3. Monosaccharides are often classified by the amount x of carbon atoms they contain: triose (3), tetrose (4), pentose (5), hexose (6), heptose (7), and so on. Glucose, used as an energy source and for the synthesis of starch, glycogen and cellulose, may be a hexose. Ribose and deoxyribose (in RNA and DNA respectively) are pentose sugars. Samples of heptoses include the ketoses, mannoheptulose and sedoheptulose. Monosaccharides with eight or more carbons are rarely observed as they're quite unstable. In aqueous solutions monosaccharides exist as rings if they need quite four carbons. Two monosaccharides with equivalent molecular graphs (same chain length and same carbonyl position) should be distinct stereoisomers, whose molecules differ in spatial orientation. This happens as long as the molecule contains a stereogenic center, specifically an atom that's chiral (connected to four distinct molecular sub-structures). Those four bonds can have any of two configurations in space distinguished by their handedness. During a simple open-chain monosaccharide, every carbon is chiral except the primary and therefore the last atoms of the chain, and (in ketoses) the carbon with the keto group. For instance, the triketose H(CHOH)(C=O)(CHOH)H (glycerone, dihydroxyacetone) has no stereogenic center, and thus exists as one stereoisomer. the opposite triose, the aldose H(C=O)(CHOH)2H (glyceraldehyde), has one chiral carbon — the central one, number 2 — which is bonded to groups −H, −OH, −C(OH)H2, and −(C=O)H. Therefore, it exists as two stereoisomers whose molecules are mirror images of every other (like a left and a right glove). Monosaccharides with four or more carbons may contain multiple chiral carbons, in order that they typically have quite two stereoisomers. The amount of distinct stereoisomers with an equivalent diagram is bounded by 2c, where c is that the total number of chiral carbons. The Fischer projection may be a systematic way of drawing the skeletal formula of an acyclic monosaccharide in order that the handedness of every chiral carbon is well specified. Each stereoisomer of an easy open-chain monosaccharide are often identified by the","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72938925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coprological Prevalence And Associated Risk Factors Of Bovine Fasciolosis In And Around Zenzelma, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia","authors":"Simegn Legesse, Solomon Tsegaye, Sewagegn Lamesgen, Yohannes Wolelaw, D. Garikipati, Workineh Wondimagegn","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100034","url":null,"abstract":"A cross-sectional study was conducted to know fasciolosis \u0000 prevalence in cattle plus identifying the risk factors \u0000 associated in and around Zenzelma town, Bahir Dar Zuria \u0000 woreda, west Gojam administration Zone. The study was \u0000 done in 2016. Parasitological examination of feaces \u0000 collected from 192 cattle and examined using fecal \u0000 sedimentation technique to understand fasciolosis \u0000 prevalence was done. The study observed 26% prevalence \u0000 at the study area. Associated predisposing factors taken are; \u0000 site, sex, breed and age did not show a significant effect for \u0000 the infection to occur (P>0.05). However, there was a \u0000 statistically significant association of fasciolosis beteween \u0000 body condition of cattle's (p<0.05) in which 38.8%, 27.3% \u0000 and 10.2% of prevalence obtained in poor, medium, and \u0000 good body conditions respectively. It was noticed that a \u0000 highest prevalence rate of 38.8% was recorded in poor body \u0000 conditioned animals. The study observed that the incidence \u0000 of the infection was varying between study sites (i.e. 28.7%, \u0000 22.1%) in Gediro and Sifatra respectively. The current \u0000 finding shows that fasciolosis in cattle is among the most \u0000 economically important parasitic disease affecting cattle \u0000 and common in areas around Bahir Dar. Hence, control \u0000 strategies should be designed to minimize the occurrence of \u0000 the infection.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73848170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Contextual Interference in Video Feedback on Kinematic Characteristic Acquisition of Football Pass","authors":"Zahra Entezari, A. Farsi, B. Abdoli","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100008","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was investigating of contextual interference (CI) effects in observational learning. Therefore, verbal and visual cueing related to correction of technique were organized in blocked and random methods. Participants (n=24, age=19 ± 1.4) were set randomly in one of the blocked, random or control group. Performances were captured with 3-DMotion Analysis System and analyzed by Cortex Software. result of Mixed Anova 3 (group) × 3 (day) of Fisher z scales mean from the Pearson correlation between participants and model kinematic data, showed that in acquisition of hip (p=0.29) and ankle (p=0.30) angles pattern, there were no significant different between groups. But for knee angle (p=0.01), the group that received verbal and visual cueing by random, had most similarity with model performance and the blocked group, had least similarity with model performance. Then, CI is also beneficial in observation context. Therefore, if the learner watched himself in addition to performing skills between training sessions and focus randomly on each part of body movement, it seems the practice effect would increase because the learner is involved actively in the learning process, and this leads to a more profound processing of information on the movement of any part of the body.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89095568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOx is Best Compound to Reduce CO2","authors":"S. Ozaki","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100012","url":null,"abstract":"The earth is warmed up by the burning of fossil fuel. If we can compensate the generation of CO2 and heart by CO2 assimilation, global warming can is protected. To promote CO2 assimilation, supply of nutrient N and P is most important. Nature has a system to provide NOx when materials are burned or by thunder. These NOx is critically important for plant growth. When fossil fuel burned, much NOx is produced. If we use all produced NOx, we can protect global warming. Large amount of N and P is contained in drainage. The drainage should be released as it is. Deep sea water contain much nutrient N and P. Shallow sea water contain very little nutrient N and P. Agitation of deep sea water with shallow sea water increase the plankton growth. These methods are effective methods to protect global warming and to increase food and wood productions.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88807106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Wastes- Potential Substrates For Mushroom Cultivation","authors":"Ritika Kamthan, I. Tiwari","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100031","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural wastes disposal is of primary concern in today’s world as they are rich in nutrient and their disposal without pretreatment can cause leaching in field, which can cause environment pollution. To overcome this problem, mushroom cultivation on these agricultural wastes is the most ecofriendly method to reduce the level of nutrients at acceptable range to be used as manure. Besides overcoming this problem defined combination of agricultural wastes also gives high yield of mushroom in a cost effective manner.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88698374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome Sequencing and Analysis of a Porcine Delta Coronavirus from Eastern China","authors":"Yan Dequan, Ju Houbin, Wang Jian, Y. Bai, Ge Fei-fei, Jian Liu, L. Xin, Q. Sun, Yan Xianchao, J. Zhu, Zhou Jinping, Liu Peihong","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100025","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) has been reported in many countries, including the United States, Canada, South Korea, China, Thailand, Vietnam and Laos. In December 2016, clinical diarrhea similar to that caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), but with a lower mortality rate, was reported on a swine farm in Shanghai, China. 6 Intestine samples were collected from dead suckling piglets (<3 weeks old) with clinical diarrhea, and they were assayed for the presence of swine enteric coronaviruses. Polymerase chain reaction results were positive for PDCoV (6/6), but negative for PEDV (0/6), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) (0/6) and porcine rotavirus group A (Rota A) (0/6). The full-length genome sequence of the PDCoV strain SHJS/SL/2016 was determined. Phylogenetic trees demonstrated that PDCoV strain SHJS/SL/2016 belongs to the Chinese clade, which might share a common evolutionary ancestor with United States and South Korean clades, but it clustered separately from Thai and Laotian PDCoV strains. This report describes the complete genome sequence of SHJS/SL/2016, and the data will promote a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of PDCoV isolates in China.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79566217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}