European Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"Hemoglobin A1c and Umbilical Cord Components: Prediction of Fetal Macrosomia in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"E. Al-Maini, Layla H Hamad, Nadia D Yassir, S. Hamad","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100013","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to understand the importance of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c ) levels and umbilical cord components in prediction of fetal macrosomia. Methods: Ninety pregnant women (45 women with diabetes mellitus and 45 women with no diabetes mellitus) were chosen to measure the HbA1c level and ultrasound umbilical cord components during their 36th to 37th weeks of pregnancy. Results: Significantly higher (p 45 mmol/mol and 5 women had normal HbA1c levels. 12 of 45 (27%) of non-diabetic women had constitutionally macrosomic fetuses with normal HbA1c levels. Conclusions: The relationship between the umbilical cord components and the birth weight was not specific for the diabetic group. Macrosomic fetuses could be predicted more accurately by the combination of both birth weight and the umbilical cord components (i.e. Wharton’s jelly).","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"239 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76635858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Calotropics procera Leaf Extract and Dyclobos against Ecto-Parasites (Fleas) on Sheep","authors":"Muhammed Mm, Ibrahim Iaa, M. Chindo, H. Musa","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100003","url":null,"abstract":"Research was carried out to investigate the Efficacy of Calotropics procera Leaf Extract and Dyclobos against ectoparasites (fleas) on sheep. Effect of Calotropis procera Leaf Extract and Dyclobos on weight, Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and repellence were studied on sheep. A total number of 18 sheep were examined for the presence of fleas by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as; 'D' (infested control group), 'E' (treated with Dyclobos), F (treated with Calotropis procera), on day 14 of post treatment it was discovered that the PCV level and body weight of treated group (E and F) increased significantly and relative infestation decreased, all the sheep after dipping in Dyclobos diluted water and Calotropis procera spray remained healthy, no adverse effect on sheep was observed. On the other hand, the PCV and body weight of control group decreased on day 14 and the number of fleas per surface area of the body increased.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86465372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Physico-Chemical Parameters and Reproductive Indices of Parachanna obscura (Gunther 1861) in Eleyele Reservoir, Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"Olanrewaju An, E. Ajani, Kareem Ok, O. Orisasona","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100036","url":null,"abstract":"Propagation in fishes depends on the level of gonad maturation which could be influenced by environmental conditions. However, declining water quality due to environmental degradation has been identified as a hindrance to such ecosystem services in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, size distribution and stages of gonad development of P. obscura in relation to physic-chemical parameters of Eleyele reservoir were studied. Samples of water and Parachanna obscura were collected monthly from five stratified sampling points and fishers catch, respectively for 24 months. Fish were grouped according to sizes (10-15.9, 16.0-19.9 and ≥ 20 cm), and gonads assessed for maturation. Relationship between reproductive indices and physic-chemical parameters were determined using Principal Component Analysis. The size-groups distributions were 10-15.9 cm (28.6%), 16.0-19.9 cm (38.7%) and ≥ 20 cm (32.7%). All the five maturation stages (I-V) were discerned in the female while only stages II-IV were observed in male samples. All the size groups showed strong associations with pH (β=0.346), ammonia (β=0.303) and temperature (β=0.161). Ovary development was significantly influenced by DO (β=0.827), TDS (β=0.777) and TS (β=0.813), while testes maturation was more influenced by temperature (β=0.626). This information will serve as guides for effective ecosystem management through the control of anthropogenic activities on this reservoir and similar water bodies to enhance resource conservation and/or sustainable management.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83638673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IL-17A/IL-17F Double KO Mice Are Resistant to Lipopolysaccharide Induced Endotoxic Shock","authors":"A. Haque, Chiaki Kajiwara, Tetsuya Matsumoto, Y. Ishii, K. Tateda","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100014","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: IL-17 family members, IL-17A and -17F are pro-inflammatory cytokines important for host immune modulation in infection and inflammatory diseases conditions. IL-17A has been shown playing a critical role in defense against bacterial infections and IL-17AF deficient mice (DKO) reported less protective. However, the role of IL-17 in endotoxic shock is largely undefined. Materials and Methods: Wild and DKO mice were intraperitoneally lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered and their survival status was recorded. Neutrophil, -T cells in peritoneal fluids and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines in serum in endotoxic wild and DKO mice were evaluated. Results: In this study, we observed a higher mortality rate in wild than DKO, in intraperitoneal LPS induced shock. Mortality was observed in correlation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We also observed a significant rise of -T cells in peritoneal cavity by LPS in wild, which is known to be a most potent source for IL-17 release and neutrophil recruitment at the site of infection. Neutrophil recruitment was shown as a protective phenomenon in murine in bacterial infection, but the same phenomenon was not observed in LPS induced sepsis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that neutrophil recruitment at infection site may be beneficial in case of direct bacterial exposure, but not in endotoxin exposure to host tissue. This study shades a comprehensive understanding of IL-17A/F functions in acute peritonitis followed by endotoxic shock that could be beneficial for selection of infection for IL-17 directed therapy.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91375920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of Ziziphus Mucronata Barks Against Haemonchus Contortus","authors":"O. Ngaradoum, J. Kagira, S. Karanja, K. Kipyegon, N. Maina","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100001","url":null,"abstract":"Haemonchus contortus is one of the most pathogenic nematode parasites in small ruminants’ worldwide. Anthelmintic resistance and high cost of drugs has prompted evaluation of medicinal plant extracts which can be used as alternative drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ziziphus mucronata barks against H. contortus stages isolated from a sheep in Kenya. Barks of Z. mucronata were collected from Chad, air-dried, ground and extracted with methanol and distilled water. The crude extracts were qualitatively screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. The anthelmintic activities of the extracts were evaluated using the egg hatch assay and larval mortality assay. The percentage extraction yields for methanol aqueous and aqueous methanol were 4.5% and 2.6%, respectively. The phytochemicals found in both extracts were saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. The results showed that methanolic extract had a significantly (p<0.05) higher activity with IC50 value of 3.9 mg/ml as compared with aqueous extract which had IC50 value of 14.7 mg/ml. In larval mortality assay, the methanolic extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher EC50 (7.5 mg/ml) than that of aqueous extract (2.7 mg/ml). The effects of Albendazole on egg hatchability inhibition and larval motility was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the two extracts. All the assays showed extract concentration dependent response. In conclusion, this study has shown that Z. mucronata extracts have anthelmintic activity on eggs and larvae of H. contortus parasite. The activity could be related to the presence of phytochemicals such as saponins and tannins. The effects of larval mortality were higher compared to that of egg hatchability. Therefore, extracts from Z. mucronata can be developed further as novel anthelmintic drug for control of H. contortus and hence improve production of small ruminants.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88965521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Oxytocin and Some Chemicals in a Rat Model of Absence Epilepsy (WAG/RÄ°J)","authors":"Z. Çakır, A. Filiz, S. Gulturk, E. Ozdemir","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100010","url":null,"abstract":"Absence epilepsy characterized by sudden and brief unconsciousness is a form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy that occurs in childhood. In this study, 104 Wag/Rij male rats were used. Animals were divided into 13 groups, oxytocine 80 nmol/kg, valproic acid 300 mg/kg, ethosuximide 200 mg/kg, magnesium sulfate 600 mg/kg, methylprednisolone 20 mg/kg and double-triple combination of these chemicals were intraperitoneally given to the groups. In all one drug administered groups, we recorded significant decrease in mean SWD. In addition to this, we observed a stronger reduction in mean SWD when the drugs were combined with oxytocine in double combination groups. For triple combination groups, when methylprednisolone was added to the groups, larger changes were seen in mean SWD (p<0.05). We conclude that oxytocine decrease the number of absence seizures, and the combination of oxytocin with other drugs increase anti-epileptic effects of the drugs.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85379268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Heavy Metal Tolerance Level (MIC) and Bioremediation Potentials of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Makera-Kakuri Industrial Drain in Kaduna, Nigeria","authors":"A. Haroun, Kamaluddeen Kk, I. Alhaji, Y. Magaji, E. E. Oaikhena","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100028","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial strains isolated from the Kakuri drain were characterized and subjected to various concentrations of heavy metal salts and their ability to tolerate the heavy metals (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-MIC) was determined. This shows their ability to tolerate and survive in environments with high levels of heavy metal salts. Eight(8) heavy metals were considered , and included ; Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2), Cadmium Chloride (CdCl2),Copper Sulphate (CuSo4), Mercury Chloride (HgCl2), Nickel Chloride (NiCl2), Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr207), Lead Chloride (PbCl2) and Zinc Sulphate (ZnS04). Strains were subjected to varied millimolar concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 mM). Positive and Negative controls were set up to a certain the tolerance level amongst the strains. 100% growth of all strains was observed at 1 mM concentration, while 100% growth was recorded with CuS04, ZnS04 and HgCl2. Most strains were inhibited or could not tolerate the salts at 10 mM concentration, with the exception of ZnS04, PbCl2, and CdCl2. No growth (100% inhibition) was noticed on plates with 20, 30, 40 or 50 mM concentrations. It therefore shows that the strains isolated from the kakuri drain could withstand presence of heavy metals salts up to a concentration of 10 mM.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81130925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Anthelmintic Investigation of Leaves of Glochidion ellipticum Linn","authors":"Jawarkar Sv, Kane Sr","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100009","url":null,"abstract":"Worm infections remain a major constraint to livestock productivity across all agro-ecological Zones. Now, the main mode for control of gastrointestinal parasites is based on the synthetic anthelmintic. However, wide spread increase of anthelmintic resistance, scarcity and high cost especially to farmers of low income in developing countries led to the need of other alternative helminth control methods. Among other alternative methods, there is considerable and expanding interest in traditional herbal de wormers. In present communication methanolic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Glochidion ellipticum Linn. Flem were investigated for their anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma and Ascardia galli. Different concentrations were used in the assay, which involved paralysis and death time of the worms. Both the extracts showed significant anthelmintic activity.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"629 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74740295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Palm Wine Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Potentially Useful as Bakery Yeasts","authors":"O. O. Olowonibi","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100011","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 12 yeast isolates from palm wine collected from various locations in Anyigba and its environs were selected for their leavening activities and were identified. The yeasts demonstrated high levels of leavening activities between 82-94. 7% as compared with commercial yeast (100%). Those that showed good leavening activities and were positive in assimilation tests for glucose, sucrose, maltose, galactose, lactose, raffinose and negative for lactose, xylose, lysine, nitrate and urea, were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while those that were positive in assimilating nitrate and lysine were identified as Candida spp. The yeasts were further assessed for attributes relevant to bakery operations such as production of CO2, temperature tolerance, ethanol tolerance, osmotic tolerance and flocculence. The rate of production of CO2 from different sugars ranges from 0.043 to 0.078 ml/min. The levels of CO2 produced by the palm yeasts in the presence of maltose were appreciably lower than that of the commercial yeast. The yeasts were able to grow at temperatures 30, 37°C and a few grew at 45°C though very sparely. Also, the yeast were tolerant to 8 and 10% ethanol but had very low tolerance to 13% ethanol. There was an appreciable tolerance to 6 and 8% NaCl but a few numbers sparingly at 10% NaCl. Some of the isolates demonstrated flocculation ability. In general, the studies indicate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from palm wine samples from Kogi State have good properties for industrial usefulness in bakery operations.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83112377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathic Effect of Convolvulus arvensis L. Extracts on The Phytohormones and Cytological Processes of Zea mays L. Seeds","authors":"Serap Sunar, G. Agar","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100015","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of different methanol extracts of Convolvulus arvensis on phytohormones (indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)) levels of corn were investigated. It was observed that all concentrations of methanol extracts (50 µl, 75 µl, 100 µl) of roots, stems and leaves of C. arvensis decreased the mitotic index and also caused abnormalities in chromosomes. On the other hand, phytohormone levels have been changed by application of different extracts at various concentrations. Compared with the control, GA levels decreased significantly whereas ABA levels increased in all the application groups. SA and IAA levels showed changes depending upon applied extracts and their concentrations.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78309145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}