European Journal of Experimental Biology最新文献

{"title":"An Immunofluorescence Study About Staining Pattern Variability of Sarcoglycans in Ratâs Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex","authors":"G. Rizzo, D. Mauro, G. Cutroneo, P. Schembri-Wismayer, Dario Brunetto, Cecilia Spoto, G. Vermiglio, A. Centofanti, A. Favaloro","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100048","url":null,"abstract":"Title: An Immunofluorescence Study About Staining Pattern Variability of Sarcoglycans in Rat’s Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex. Background: Sarcoglycans are transmembrane glycoproteins which connect extracellular matrix components to cytoskeleton. This protein system has been long studied in muscle but there are few data about its localization in non-muscular tissues. Methods and Findings: In the present report, we have conducted an indirect immunofluorescence study on normal rat’s cerebral and cerebellar cortex. Our results show that in these districts each sarcoglycan is expressed by a “spot-like” staining pattern, with spots of 0.5-2 μm average diameter, extending mainly around the soma of neurons and glial cells. In cerebral cortex, although all sarcoglycans are present, a staining pattern variability for each sarcoglycan, in the different cerebral cortex areas, exists. Instead, the pattern distribution level of sarcoglycans in cerebellar cortex doesn’t change. We also performed a statistical analysis which confirms the immunofluorescence results. Conclusions: Then, the presence of a sarcoglycans variability in cerebral cortex, where it is known the existence of several synaptic network, and the absence of a sarcoglycans variability in cerebellar cortex, where the same synaptic networks are repeated unchanged, suggest that in brain sarcoglycans may be associated with synaptic networks. Moreover, the distribution of sarcoglycans, mainly in post-synaptic regions of the neurons, suggests a role of these proteins in cellular signalling, regulating membrane receptors assembly. We also support that sarcoglycans in glial cells could be associated with the regulation of the mechanism in the brain-blood-barrier.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81539846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separating Keratinase Producer Bacteria from the Soil of Poultry Farms and Optimization of the Conditions for Maximum Enzyme Production","authors":"Somayeh Khodayari, F. Kafilzadeh","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100076","url":null,"abstract":"Feather is considered one of the environmental pollutant factors that can be hydrolyzed by bacteria and fungi. About 90% of the full weight of a feather consists of keratin. The structure of feather is very difficult to break down. Some bacteria in the presence of keratin-contained substrates are able to produce the keratinase enzyme to hydrolyze keratin. A total of 15 soil samples were collected from the poultry farms around Marvdasht city. 7 bacterial strains were grown in feather filled environment. 5 isolates that showed a clear analysis were selected and identified using biochemical tests and molecular methods. The bacterial DNA contents were sequenced and were assigned certain numbers in GenBank as new strains. Then, every fifth bacteria were also evaluated for the production of keratinase. All strains belonged to different strains of Bacillus. Five strains were able to completely degrade feather. Bacillus cereus SKH1 had the maximum enzyme activity, 17.12 (Unit/ml/min). Different strains of Bacillus in this study showed the ability to produce keratinase in the presence of keratin. Keratinase measurement showed that all 5 strains are potentially able to treat feather-contained waste.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85430008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IAA Producing Endopytic Fungus Fusariun oxysporum wlw Colonize Maize Roots and Promoted Maize Growth Under Hydroponic Condition","authors":"A. Mehmood, N. Khan, M. Irshad, Muhammad Hamayun, Ismail, Husna, Arooj Javed, A. Hussain","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100065","url":null,"abstract":"Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is known for their role in plant root interactions with microbial partners. Current study was focused on role of IAA as signal for colonization between endopytic fungus Fusariun oxysporum wlw and maize roots. Culture filtrate of te strain contained 31 of IAA μg/mL of IAA. Addition of tryptophan concentration ranging from 500 to 1000 μg/mL in culture medium significantly enhanced production of IAA by Fusariun oxysporum wlw. The strain effectively colonized the roots of maize and subsequently enhanced the growth and proliferation of host plant. In order to demined the role of IAA in root colonization by F. oxysporum we inhibited the biosynthesis of IAA by using IAA biosynthesis inhibitor wice efficiently reduced te colonization of F. oxysporum in maize roots by 46% (foliar application) and 62% (root application) of the seedlings without yucasin (IAA biosynthesis inhibitor) treatment suggesting an IAA crosstalk between the two partners. Exogenous application of IAA restored the ability of endophyte F. oxysporum to colonize maize roots and significantly improved different growth parameters of maize seedlings. It is concluded that a molecular crosstalk of maize roots and endophytic F. oxysporum wlw is necessary for subsequent endophytic association between them.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90008491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Screening and Characterizing the Most Promising Antagonistic Microorganism as Biocontrol Agent(s) Against Colletotrichum kahawae","authors":"K. Asfaw, T. Husein, A. Ayalew, M. Dejene, Samuel Sahile","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100042","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee berry disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae causes yield loss of more than 50% if not controlled with the appropriate fungicides or/and resistant cultivars. This study was aimed to screen indigenous coffeeassociated microorganisms for their inherent antagonistic potential. From a total of 4323 microorganisms isolates tested, over 3% exhibited remarkable inhibition against C. kahawae. 13 bacterial isolate showed maximum inhibition of mycelial growth against the fungal pathogen tested. Among the yeast and fungal isolate 11 and 9 islates were most antagonistic to C. kahawae respectively. Twenty four isolates produced antibiosis, 5 isolates showed micoparacitic activity and 4 islates produced enzyme. The result indicated the species richness of indigenous coffee in Ethiopia which can be explored for their beneficial application as biological control. The in vitro results provide the first evidence of an antagonistic effect of coffee associated microorganisms against the CBD and potential of all bacterial, yeast and fungal groups for biological control of CBD.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76449426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Polymorphism in Exon 8 of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene and Osteoporosis in Saudi Women","authors":"L. M. A. Neghery, M. Daghestani, Suphia M. Sherbeeni, S. A. Ajaj, Mazen H Daghestani, A. Eldali, Arjum, Warsy","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100044","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Alternations in the estrogen receptor alpha gene (ERα) play an essential role in osteoporosis etiology. In this study, the relationship between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in ERα (G2014A) and osteoporosis in Saudi women were investigated. Methods: In this research 40 females with osteoporosis and 41 healthy controls ranging in age from 35 to 75 years were examined. Demographic data were recorded, and blood samples were drawn in plain and in EDTA tubes for estimation of estrogens in the serum and extraction of DNA, respectively. The DNA was used to amplify the fragment of interest carrying the SNP in ERα by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was subjected to DNA sequencing. Results: G2014A was polymorphic in Saudi women. Genotypes and allele frequencies were compared in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups. Although the genotypes of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic subjects were significantly different (p=0.0157), the allelic frequency was not significantly different (p=0.519). Estrogen levels significantly differed between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic subjects (mean ± SD E2: 46.6 ± 30.7 vs. 68.7 ± 47.1 pg/mL, p=0.0143). Importantly, a significant difference in waist-hip ratio in osteoporotic patient and the nonosteoporotic group was detected (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.0, p=0.0174). Conclusion: Although there was no relationship between G2014A and osteoporosis in Saudi women, this study sheds light on another aspect, such as the significant difference in estrogen levels in these two groups. Furthermore, an advantageous effect of fat on bone mass was observed in the non-osteoporotic group.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74689856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic Index in the Development of Functional Beverage","authors":"Ryan D. Francis, Yanique Rodgers, Colleen N. A. Salmon, Grace Ann Junior, P. Bahado-Singh, A. Smith, A. Wheatley, H. Asemota","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100054","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Due to the prevalence of diabetes in Jamaica, an understanding of the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values of beverages and food can aid dieticians in guiding consumers to choose sensibly. It is reported that consumption of low GI and GL foods may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease and obesity. However, low GI snacks/food available to diabetic patients in Jamaica are very limited. This study was conducted to develop a low GI and GL vegetable drink that could be commercialized. Methods: Ten (10) healthy Jamaican subjects (5 males and 5 females) with mean age 30 ± 2 years and mean BMI 25 ± 1 kg/m2 were recruited to the study. Using a non-blind, crossover design trial, the subjects consumed equicarbohydrate amounts (25 g of total available carbohydrate) of the vegetable (beetroot – Beta vulgaris, cucumber – Cucumis sativus and carrot – Daucus carota) drink and twice glucose as reference food (25 g of total carbohydrate). Blood glucose was determined after overnight fasting (0 hours) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the consumption of each test food. The glycemic index (GI) value was calculated geometrically by expressing the incremental area under the blood glucose curve (IAUC) as a percentage of each subject's average IAUC for the standard food. Results: The GI and GL values of the vegetable drink were found to be 34 ± 10 and 4.4, respectively. As per the Food and Agriculture Organization, GI cut-off values are as follows: low 70 and for GL, low ≤ 10, medium 10 to 20 or high ≥ 20. Hence the vegetable drink could be classified under low glycemic food/ nutrient. Conclusion: Identification of beverages and other foods with low glycemic responses may have practical applications in controlling blood glucose levels. This study provides scientific evidence of the blood glucose response of the formulated vegetable drink. The complex carbohydrates in beetroot, carrot and cucumber may be responsible for the low postprandial glycemic response. This will lead to a low demand for insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cells, which are often impaired in type 2 diabetic individuals.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77260311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Secondary Metabolite Production from the Roots of Decalepis arayalpathra KMA 05 Clones and its Antimicrobial Potential using Methylobacterium sp. VP103 as an Elicitor","authors":"S. Srivastava, Nellie Laisram, V. P. Singh","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100058","url":null,"abstract":"Decalepis arayalpathra KMA 05 clones were elicited with a bacterium, Methylobacterium sp. VP103 isolated from the leaves of ex-vitro established plantlets of D. arayalpathra KMA 05 clones, with the aim of increasing the production of root specific secondary metabolites. D. arayalpathra KMA 05 shoot tip cultures were triggered for root initiation by keeping the cultures for one month in ½ strength Woody Plant Medium (WPM)+Thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.3 mg/l. They were then shifted to ½ strength WPM supplemented with auxins [0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + 0.05 mg/l Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA)] along with 40 mg/l activated charcoal with a fixed concentration (0.4 mg/l) of lyophilized bacterium powder (LBP) dissolved in 30% methanol. The effect of elicitation was studied on three root specific secondary metabolites, i.e. 2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde (MBALD), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2M4VP) and α-amyrin. The production of α-amyrin was found to be enhanced in all 12, 24 and 36 week old treated root extracts. Antibacterial activity was also found to be enhanced against all the bacteria selected from the 36 week elicited extracts among which Rhodococcus sp. UKS7 (34 ± 0.0 mm.) showed maximum inhibition. The findings provide an insight into the use of Methylobacterium sp. VP103 as an elicitor in the growth of the roots and enhanced production of α-amyrin.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90077018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Seed Proteome Map of Pigmented and Non Pigmented Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)","authors":"Bangaru Naidu Thaddi, Sarada Mani Nallamilli","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100075","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been extensively used for separation and characterization of proteins. A protocol was established for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) seed proteome map of six sorghum genotypes including non-pigmented lines IS 3477, IS 33095, IS 7005 and pigmented lines are 2898, IS 7155 and IS 1202 in the pH range of 3-10. Proteins extracted from flour in a TCA/Acetone buffer were focused after cup-loading onto IPG strips. Successful separation in the second dimension was achieved using gradient gels in a horizontal SDS-PAGE system. The 2-D gels of six genotypes stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) which were resolved a total of 116, 140, 109, 98, 80 and 102 protein spots in IS 3477, IS 33095, IS 7005, IS 2898, IS 7155 and IS 1202 respectively. Furthermore, we have identified different protein spots by using PD-Quest software among the genotypes which were included Up-regulation protein spots (162), Downregulation protein spots (483), Qualitative protein spots (91), Quantitative protein spots (109), Common protein spots (542) and Specific protein spots (93). The presented 2- D patterns and identifications will be used to describe proteome differences between cultivars.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90814692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Spirulina on Expression of N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor-2B, Matrix Metalloproteinase-7, and Inflammatory Genes in Chronic Tinnitus","authors":"Y. Chan, Tzu-Ying Wu, Juen-Haur Hwang","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100069","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study about chronic tinnitus was seldom reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of Spirulina on the mRNA expressions of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NR)-2B, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) genes in chronic tinnitus. Methods: Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were trained for an active avoidance task. Then, 17 conditioned mice with tinnitus, confirmed 2 weeks after a noise exposure to the left ear, were randomly divided into two groups on the start day: control group (9 mice, normal diet) and Spirulina group (8 mice, normal diet with S. platensis water extract, 200 mg/kg body weight). All mice were fed a different diet for 80 days; then, their tinnitus scores were tested, and they were sacrificed for mRNA studies. Results: The Spirulina group (–6.3 ± 16.5) had a significantly lower mean difference in tinnitus scores, which were calculated on the 80th day and the start day for each mouse, than the control group (9.6 ± 13.3). NR2B mRNA expressions were not significantly different between the two groups in the cochlea, brainstem, inferior colliculus (IC), or temporal lobes. Compared with the control group, MMP-7 mRNA expressions in the Spirulina group were significantly increased in the cochlea (1.15 ± 0.28 for the control group vs 1.82 ± 0.30 for the Spirulina group) and temporal lobes (1.18 ± 0.26 vs 1.80 ± 0.20, respectively). TNT-α mRNA expressions in the Spirulina group had decreased significantly in the cochlea (2.91 ± 0.53 for the control group vs 2.12 ± 0.56 for the Spirulina group), brainstem (1.72 ± 0.35 vs 1.37 ± 0.27, respectively), and IC (2.77 ± 0.56 vs 2.13 ± 0.25, respectively). COX-2 mRNA expressions in the Spirulina group were significantly decreased in the brainstem (1.49 ± 0.73 for the control group vs 0.66 ± 0.37 for the Spirulina group). Conclusions: Spirulina could reduce chronic tinnitus possibly by increasing MMP-7 gene expression but by decreasing TNF-α and COX-2 gene expressions in the cochlea and/or some tinnitus-related brain regions.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89096886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Maize Cultivars to Various Nitrogen Levels","authors":"Shakeel Ahmad, A. Khan, M. Kamran, I. Ahmad, Shahzad Ali, S. Fahad","doi":"10.21767/2248-9215.100043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21767/2248-9215.100043","url":null,"abstract":"Studies pertaining to the effect of different nitrogen rates on the yield and yield components of maize cultivars (Azam and Jalal), was conducted at the New Developmental Form of The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during summer 2011 using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement. The treatments comprised 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 kgNha-1 assigned to main plot and maize cultivars (Azam and Jalal) to sub plots. Results revealed that maximum grain ear-1 (383.2), grain yield (3747.41 kgha-1) and harvest index (27.66%) were recorded in Azam cultivar. However maximum ear length (16.33 cm), biological yield (14250 kgha-1) and thousand grain weight (258.65 g) were observed in Jalal cultivar. Maximum biological yield (16277.78 kg ha-1) was recorded with the application of 180-210 kgNha-1. However maximum ear length (17.18 cm), grain ear-1 (411.32), grain yield (4888.9 kgha-1) and thousand grain weight (264.96 g) were observed with the application of 180kgNha-1.","PeriodicalId":12012,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Experimental Biology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73277056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}