Environmental Technology最新文献

{"title":"Functionalization of environmental-friendly biosorbent for high-performance removal of uranium from waste solution.","authors":"Ahmed H Orabi, Yasser M Abd El-Mageed, Hend M Salem, Nagwa I Falia, Mohamed S Atrees","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2474257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most secure method for the ecosystem is the chemical disposal of radioactive waste through adsorption, as uranium is a radioactive and hazardous environmental material that requires safe disposal. Herein, a new, highly efficient, cheap sorbent to remove it. A functionalized environmental-friendly biosorbent (moringa seed waste) was synthesized via a wet processing technique. Three new biosorbents (ACMOSW@Ox, ACMOSW@Ci, and ACMOSW@TBA) were yielded through reaction of moringa seed waste with oxalic, citric, and tributylamine, respectively. The synthesized three biosorbents were distinguished utilizing different techniques. The batch adsorption experiments shown that the three biosorbents had a strong ability to remove U (VI) in the following order: ACMOSW@Ox > ACMOSW@Ci > ACMOSW@TBA. The kinetics and isotherm of adsorption were accurately represented by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The findings indicate that the application of 0.1 g of ACMOSW@Ox under experimental conditions of pH 3, a temperature of 298 K, an initial U(VI) concentration of 100 mg/L, and a mixing duration of 90 minutes resulted in a notable removal efficiency of 98%. Reusing the sorbent for at least five or six cycles results in little degradation of its effectiveness. FTIR, ESEM-EDX, XRD, XPS, particle size, and zeta potential techniques were used to confirm uranium uptake by biosorbent. We also tested the produced biosorbent to see whether it could remove U (VI) from wastewater. In conclusion, the functionalized moringa seed waste was proven efficient, recyclable, and excellent as an alternative environmental-friendly adsorbent capable of uranium removal from contaminated water.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth performance of <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp. AQUAMEB-57<i>. Ankistrodesmus</i> sp. AQUAMEB-33, and <i>Synechococcaceae</i> AQUAMEB-32 cultivated at different light intensities.","authors":"Seyit Uguz, Gary Anderson, Ercan Simsek, Kıvılcım Ates, Mete Yilmaz, Erkan Yaslioglu, Hatice Delice, Yahya Ulusoy","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2474254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing air pollutants significantly contributes to climate change, requiring innovative mitigation strategies. Microalgae provide a promising solution by absorbing CO₂ and pollutants like nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulfur oxides (SO_x), and ammonia from agricultural and industrial emissions, while also generating biomass for biofuels and animal feed. This study investigated the effects of light intensity on the growth and biochemical composition of <i>Scenedesmus</i> sp<i>.</i> AQUAMEB-57, <i>Ankistrodesmus</i> sp. AQUAMEB-33, and <i>Synechococcaceae</i> AQUAMEB-32 cultivated in photobioreactors under two batch and continuous culture conditions. <i>Scenedesmus sp</i>. reached the highest cell concentration (8 × 10⁶ cells ml^-1) at 200 µmol photons m^-2s^-1, while <i>Ankistrodesmus sp</i>. and <i>Synechococcaceae</i> peaked at 300 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. Dry biomass was highest for all species at 300 µmol photons m^-2s^-1<i>. Scendesmus sp</i> showed the highest protein content (15.6%) at a light intensity of 200 µmol photons m^-2s^-1, <i>Ankistrodesmus sp.</i> (17.2%) at 300 µmol photons m^-2s^-1, and <i>Synechococcaceae</i> (23.5%) at 100 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. Maximum carbohydrate content for <i>Scenedesmus sp.</i>, <i>Ankistrodesmus sp.</i>, and <i>Synechococcaceae</i> was 56.0%, 20.5%, and 18.4%, respectively, at 300 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. C16/C18 fatty acids significantly increased as light intensity was raised from 100 to 200 µmol photons m^-2s^-1. The findings show that light intensity impacts growth rates and biochemical profiles, varying by species and cultivation mode. Continuous systems yield higher biomass than batch systems, emphasizing the need for optimized strategies to enhance algal productivity. This research enhances understanding of microalgal growth dynamics, offering insights into optimizing conditions for improved biomass yield and supporting sustainable biofuel production and other valuable products.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The performance and mechanism of transition metal oxide (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ce) on selective catalytic reduction of NO over ZSM-5.","authors":"Xuetao Wang, Chongfei Liu, Haipeng Hu, Lili Xing, Haojie Li, Mengjie Liu, Linfeng Miao","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2474259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different transition metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Ce) were used to prepare and characterise catalysts on ZSM-5 via impregnation, for the selective reduction of NO with NH₃. The Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited excellent NH₃-SCR activity in the 350-450°C temperature range, with a 96.91% NO conversion rate at 431°C. Moreover, the Ce/ZSM-5 and Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts showed superior catalytic activity at low temperatures (88.33% at 250°C and 91.82% at 289°C), while the Mn-modified catalysts exhibited a poor denitrification performance. The results also revealed that metal oxides improved metal ion dispersion, and the Fe and Cu active components were well distributed on the surface of the carrier. Moreover, Lewis acid sites predominately occurred in the active components of the Fe and Cu species, which increases the adsorption capacity. Among the four different metal-supported catalysts, Cu-ZSM-5 had the smallest activation energy. Highly dispersed metal ion active nanoparticles, improved redox properties, and rich acid centres are conducive to the reaction. The In-situ DRIFTs study found that Lewis acid sites play an important role in the denitrification reaction. The apparent reaction activation energy of Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst in four different metal-supported catalysts is the smallest, with an activation energy of 35.1 kJ mol^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of microcystin on antibiotic resistance genes and microbial communities in Yangtze River sediments.","authors":"Qianbo Mao, Hao Fang, Jun Liu, Lingyun Tian, Chengcheng Ding, Kaichun Wang, Yiyu Hou, Shuai Zhang, Yibin Cui","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471044","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The escalating of water pollution associated with microcystins (MCs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant environmental challenge. As one of China's most crucial water systems, the Yangtze River's ecological health is not only vital for regional ecosystems but also carries global environmental significance. While the concentration of MCs detected in the Yangtze River sediments is moderate, the impact of exogenous MCs on ARGs and microbial communities within these sediments remains poorly understood. This study examines 18 sediment samples collected from six regions along the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. By introducing exogenous MCs, we analyzed the responses of the sulfonamide resistance gene (<i>sul</i>1), tetracycline resistance gene (<i>tet</i>A), integron gene (<i>intI</i>1), and the microbial community composition. The results indicate that exogenous MC inputs significantly affect the abundance of ARGs in the sediments, with <i>sul</i>1, <i>tet</i>A, and <i>intI</i>1 exhibiting a general increasing trend. However, the microbial community structure was not substantially affected by the MCs, with regional differences exerting a greater influence on microbial composition than the exogenous MCs input. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla in the Yangtze River sediments. The introduction of exogenous MCs may increase the environmental risk of ARG dissemination. These findings enhance our understanding of how MCs affect ARG dissemination and microbial community structures in the Yangtze River ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sediment microbial fuel cells on the distribution of different forms of phosphorus in lake sediment and water.","authors":"Chengxiang Xu, Jiatao Zhang, Aoxiang Wang, Wenyi Liu, Yanhong Xu, Guangyi Zhang, Sulan Wang","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474255","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The continuous release of phosphorus from sediments by geochemical processes can cause endogenous eutrophication. This study examined the effect of carbon felt-sediment microbial fuel cells (CF-SMFCs) on the release of deposited phosphorus into the overlying water. In the CF-MFC system, the voltage ranged from 27 to 584 mV and the anode electrode potential increased from -130 mV to 202 mV. The Standard Measurements and Testing (SMT) method was employed to sequentially extract the sediment phosphorus in the sediments. A notable vertical increase in NaOH-P and HCl-P concentrations was observed downward in the sediment. The DGT phosphorus, visualized by Zr-Oxide DGT with submillimeter resolution, was removed by 52.04% in CF-SMFC. CF-SMFC notably facilitated the stabilization of phosphorus, promoting its conversion from pore water to sediment. The underlying mechanism suggests that the dissolution of solid-phase phosphorus into the overlying water was mitigated by the competition for organic substrates between Fe(III) reduction and the solid electrode. CF-SMFC can be used to increase the redox potential of the sediment and in-situ stabilize phosphorus in the sediment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the improvement of vegetated concrete substrate by biochar and limestone calcined clay cement.","authors":"Na Chen, Zhenhua Guo, Shaoping Huang, Lihua Li, Henglin Xiao","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2473657","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2473657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vegetated concrete has proven to be an effective technique for restoring the ecological environment of rocky slopes, but conventional formulations often suffer from excessive cement content and limited plant growth. This study proposes the use of biochar (BC) and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) to form an improved vegetated concrete mix. Twenty-five different formulations were tested for their compressive and shear strength, pH values, and Bermuda grass growth. Microstructural studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that LC3 significantly increases the stress at small strains, while BC increases the strain at peak stresses. LC3 hydration produces cementitious material that coats soil particles, filling voids and leading to a linear increase in cohesion. The optimal mixture, with 12% LC3 and 6% BC, showed a 227% increase in cohesion and a 146% increase in internal friction angle. While LC3 increased pH, reducing the germination and growth performance of Bermuda grass, BC effectively improved these parameters, promoting faster and healthier plant growth. This study provides a reference for the application of LC3 and BC in future vegetated concrete development.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denitrification efficiency and biofilm community succession in a bidirectional alternating influent biofilter.","authors":"Lifei Wang, Jiajia Zhou, Jiaqing Xiong, Tuanping Hu, Qianhe Xia","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2448764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2024.2448764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilters are widely used for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. This study developed a bidirectional alternating-influent biofilter to reduce clogging and enhance nitrogen removal. Alternating influent utilized biofilm on the media as a denitrification carbon source. With initial ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen concentrations of 8.49±0.30, 12.52±0.20, and 19.89±0.79 mg/L, the forward influent achieved ammonium, nitrate, and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 81.6%, 66.8%, and 71.2%, increasing by 13.3%, 3.0%, and 4.8% at the effluent. Reverse influent further boosted nitrate and total nitrogen removal by 14.0% and 5.5%. The natural DO gradient under conventional influent conditions was simulated, and the nitrogen removal mechanism and treatment effect, mainly nitrification and denitrification, were discussed. Microbial analysis showed that endogenous carbon in the biofilm, derived from decaying cells and EPS, reduced clogging risk. Significant changes in bacterial count, EPS content, and microbial abundance were observed across influent directions, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Pseudomonas increasing under reverse flow. These results indicate that bidirectional alternating influent can significantly improve nitrogen removal and reduce clogging, offering an effective optimization for wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EDTA-based Fenton's and photo Fenton's oxidation of ciprofloxacin using a potential iron catalyst Bioschwertmannite.","authors":"Shruthi Ramachandra","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2471047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>The study investigated bioschwertmannite's potential as an iron catalyst in Fenton's and Photo-Fenton's oxidation of ciprofloxacin with EDTA near neutral pH. Bioschwertmannite, an iron oxyhydroxy sulphate mineral, was synthesised using <i>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</i>. This work presents a novel approach by utilising biologically synthesised schwertmannite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of ciprofloxacin, addressing the need for sustainable and cost-effective treatment methods. The catalytic role of bioschwertmannite in the degradation of ciprofloxacin was examined with various parameters, including catalyst dose (0.1-1 g/L), H₂O₂ concentration (100-1000 mg/L), pH values (3, 5, 7, and 9), initial ciprofloxacin concentrations (1-10 mg/L), and EDTA concentrations (10-100 mM). The maximum removal efficiency, around 99.16%, was achieved using Photo-Fenton's Oxidation utilising 0.5 g/L of bioschwertmannite and 500 mg/L of H₂O₂, in the presence of EDTA, resulting in a rate constant of 0.0357/min. Fenton's oxidation exhibits 82% degradation at identical conditions, with a rate constant of 0.0129/min. The degradation efficiency improved with increasing H₂O₂ concentration, reaching a maximum with oxidising agent concentration of 500 mg/L, beyond which a scavenging effect was seen. Increasing bioschwertmannite dosage from 0.1 to 0.5 g/L enhanced degradation by 14.5%. Results indicate that bioschwertmannite has favourable properties as an iron catalyst for the oxidation of ciprofloxacin with EDTA at near-neutral pH.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic anaerobic caffeine degradation and bioelectricity production using microbial fuel cell.","authors":"Vinayak Thengumthottathil, Gunaseelan Gopal, Santhosh Annamalai, Vignesh Selvarasu, Samsudeen Naina Mohamed","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2474253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2474253","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caffeine is considered a pollutant that threatens aquatic life and human well-being, and its anaerobic treatment is typically a slow process. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) present a sustainable alternative by enabling caffeine degradation while simultaneously generating electricity. This study investigates the anaerobic degradation of caffeine using MFCs as a sustainable wastewater treatment approach under various operational conditions. A two-chambered MFC was established employing synthetic wastewater, sodium acetate as the carbon source, and anaerobic sludge as inoculum. Various concentrations of acetate (0.375 and 1 g/L) and caffeine (10 and 20 mg/L) with and without an external nitrogen source, ammonium chloride, were evaluated for power generation and caffeine degradation efficiency. Results demonstrate that caffeine degradation achieves 100% in 5 days when coupled with external nitrogen sources, whereas degradation without external nitrogen achieves the same within 3 days for both caffeine concentrations. Furthermore, increasing the caffeine loading concentration results in a maximum power density of 5.64, 9.37, and 11.83 mW/m², respectively, for 10 and 20 mg/L caffeine concentrations. Additionally, when the acetate concentration was increased to 1 mg/L without external nitrogen, degradation of 10 and 20 mg/L caffeine requires 3 and 5 days respectively, with a maximum power density of 12.8 mW/m². This investigation underscores the potential of anaerobic bacteria to degrade caffeine utilising it as a nitrogen source while also contributing to power generation in MFCs. Moreover, the results highlight the significant influence of operational parameters on caffeine degradation efficiency and power generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants based on non-dispersive infrared technique: a case study.","authors":"Haibin Cui, Fei Wang, Qiyu Gao, Lian Qiu, Song Luo, Guojun Lv","doi":"10.1080/09593330.2025.2475521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2025.2475521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emanating from coal-fired power plants contribute substantially to the greenhouse effect. In the face of the continual trend of global warming, curbing GHGs emissions has emerged as an essential step to lessen anthropogenic carbon emissions and attain the targets of carbon peak and neutrality. The practical implementation of strategies to reduce carbon emissions from coal-fired power stations necessitates the precise monitoring and recording of associated greenhouse gas emissions. In the study presented herein, a measurement system based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy has been devised, enabling the concurrent assessment of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O concentrations. An investigative case study has been conducted to examine the relationship between the operational conditions of coal-fired power plants and the emissions of greenhouse gases, thereby providing an enriched understanding of the variables that affect these emissions. The findings of this study may act as a significant guide for future enhancements and fine-tuning of measures to control greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired utility boilers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12009,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}