Economic Anthropology eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Persistent Stigma: Attributes, Positioning and Ties That (Do Not) Work in Business for the Historically Stigmatized","authors":"Prateek Raj, Pankaj Anand","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3371792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3371792","url":null,"abstract":"Business-owners from historically stigmatized communities (HSCs) can face stigma and become victims of discrimination in business. In this paper, we argue that discrimination is uniquely persistent for HSC business-owners, while business-owners from other disadvantaged but non-stigmatized communities can overcome them. We use a detailed pan-India dataset - that includes more than eight thousand business-owners of various castes - to observe an array of business-owner characteristics. We analyze the sources of business income disadvantage, and document that HSC business-owners (Scheduled Castes in India) face a large income gap even if they have a similar socioeconomic background as other business-owners. Business-owners from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities that are not associated with stigma do not face an income gap if they are themselves socioeconomically at par. We document a greater business income gap for business-owners from HSCs that face greater stigma, and this disadvantage is greater in more relationship-based industries. We find within-community social capital with higher-status acquaintances to be highly resourceful for non-HSC business-owners, but not for HSC business-owners. Hence, beyond-community social capital becomes critical for the success of HSC business-owners, and policymakers should create inclusive spaces where such beyond-community social capital could be built.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127483244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quelle collaboration public-privé pour l’intégration d’un projet minier à son territoire? Études de cas en Afrique de l'Ouest (Which Collaboration Between Public and Private Sectors for the Territorial Integration of a Mining Project? Case Studies in West Africa)","authors":"P. Rey, M. Mazalto","doi":"10.18601/16578651.n26.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n26.05","url":null,"abstract":"Le boom de l’exploitation miniere en Afrique a souleve de nombreuses questions a propos du developpement regional dans les zones minieres et les synergies entre les secteurs prive et public. La position adoptee par la societe miniere et les Etats et les inegalites entre les differents acteurs participent a creer le flou dans la rela­tion public-prive et sa perception. A travers des travaux de recherche et d’ex­pertise realises entre 2008 et 2016 en Afrique de l’Ouest, nous proposons de reexaminer les roles et les responsabilites des parties prenantes dans la creation de synergies entre les secteurs prive et public. Nous explorerons les strategies deployees des deux cotes pour comprendre les interets qui influencent la mise en oeuvre des politiques.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116252503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparate Outcomes from U.S. Domestic Migration","authors":"B. Klemens","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3501886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3501886","url":null,"abstract":"Economic models of migration, domestic and international, typically begin with the assumption that a moving household's primary goal is to attain higher income than it would earn by staying. This article uses administrative records for almost all people earning formal market income in the U.S., 2001-2015, totaling about 1.7 billion household observations with 82 million long-distance moves, to develop a detailed match between movers and comparable stayers and thus a comparison of movers' income changes relative to stayers. In aggregate, movers see about a median 1% gain in income after moving relative to the counterfactual of staying, with wide variance. Even a decade later, about two out of five households have lower income relative to staying, with an overall median relative income gain of about 6%. Pecuniary benefits are not evenly distributed: movers leaving school and younger single households without children are likely to see higher income relative to staying, but other movers, most notably single parents, are roughly half as likely to see a relative income gain. The overall story is a bifurcated population of movers. Roughly half move to higher income relative to staying, and the rest do not, indicating for whom the hypothesis of income maximization is difficult to support, and where future research about the many motives for moving may focus.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124034395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WED Bibliography","authors":"Henry Wurts","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3499811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3499811","url":null,"abstract":"This is the bibliography for Wurts, Henry. “An illustration of a modified-Machlup (mM) assessment for resolving when experts disagree (WED) issues as applied to three archetypal examples for model validation: Yule-Simpson Paradox (YSP), fair employee compensation (FEC), and Put-Call Parity (PCP)” (December 20, 2018), available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3304879.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122761821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotourism and Economic Development","authors":"H. Nath","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3488557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3488557","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses some pertinent issues related to tourism, particularly ecotourism, and economic development in the context of Assam. It first discusses different types of tourism and how tourism benefits the local economy of the tourist destination. Then the discussion focuses on ecotourism. Finally, the article evaluates Assam’s potential for tourism in general and ecotourism in particular.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122140176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Speed Rail Networks, Capacity Investments and Social Welfare","authors":"Valentina Bracaglia, T. D'alfonso, A. Nastasi, Dian Sheng, Y. Wan, A. Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3480356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3480356","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we analytically study the performance of two topologies of high-speed rail (HSR) networks: isolated-corridors and grid networks. We evaluate how HSR configuration affects capacity of newly developed infrastructure, profits and social welfare by considering a number of factors, namely economies of traffic density, market size, operating cost and cost of capital. Our investigations focus on a social welfare-maximizing entity which provides HSR train services as well as develops infrastructure. We find that although the grid network allows for more new markets, the isolated-corridors network may perform better in terms of social welfare when the cost of capital is high, the demand in the new markets established by the isolated-corridors network is high, the operating cost (excluding density effect) is high and the traffic density effect is weak. We also identify cases where the optimal network configuration in terms of social welfare may not be optimal in other aspects, such as capacity, consumer surplus and profits. For example, when the density effect is strong, grid network is likely to be socially optimal, but it faces more difficulty in recovering the invest cost comparing with the alterative network.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117134024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Across the Sea to Ireland: Return Atlantic Migration before the First World War","authors":"A. Fernihough, C. Ó'Gráda","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3491676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3491676","url":null,"abstract":"Are return migrants 'losers' who fail to adapt to the challenges of the host economy, and thereby exacerbate the brain drain linked to emigration? Or are they 'winners' whose return enhances the human and physical capital of the home country? These questions are the subject of a burgeoning literature. This paper analyze a new database culled from the 1911 Irish population census to address these issues for returnees to Ireland from North America more than a century ago. The evidence suggests that those who returned had the edge over the population as a whole in terms of human capital, if not also over those who remained abroad.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129281555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children’s Economic and Social Rights and Child Poverty: The State of Play","authors":"A. Nolan, K. Pells","doi":"10.1163/15718182-02801006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02801006","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on both economic and social rights (esr) and child poverty. In doing so, it identifies and considers key developments and gaps in child rights scholarship (crs) in these areas. The authors’ treatment of these issues together is logical (albeit certainly not inevitable) given the strong connection between esr and poverty. Both are areas which have been under-explored in crs: esr have been historically under-theorised and marginalised in child rights research, whereas child poverty is an area that has received extensive academic attention but only a limited amount of this has been from a child rights perspective.\u0000The article begins by outlining the state of the existing theoretical child rights literature on esr, before going on to consider the growing body of crs focused on specific esr-thematic areas. The authors make clear the historic dominance of law in terms of child esr scholarship while flagging the increasing esr-focused/framed work emerging from other disciplines, arguing that this is evidence of an ever-wider and more multidisciplinary engagement with esr. Moving on to the topic of child poverty, the authors note that, with some notable exceptions, there has been a failure on the part of child rights scholars to engage with child poverty, a fact that is at least partially attributable to disciplinary disconnects: while crs (and esr scholarship in particular) has come to be dominated by lawyers to a large degree, much academic work on child poverty originates in economics, development studies and social policy. There is, however, some recognition by child poverty scholars (and more so by practitioners) that child poverty is a “child rights” issue, albeit that there is an ongoing failure on the part of child poverty scholarship to really come to terms with the complexities of child rights in terms of the implications of such for the definition and measurement of child poverty. The authors conclude by flagging future avenues for academic engagements with child esr and child poverty, considering both the ways in which existing scholarship may be enriched as well as the potential dangers that new directions may pose in terms of child esr specifically.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129383790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Little Trailer Park on the Prairie: Determinants of Site Rents in Parks in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain States","authors":"C. Becker, Brenda Garcia Lemus","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3472094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3472094","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research has indicated that the manufactured housing industry is highly heterogeneous, mainly because both demand conditions and zoning restrictiveness vary enormously from one locale to another. There is little formal empirical work on the industry, especially in the low population density region that encompasses the Great Plains (including Texas) and Rocky Mountain states. Using a data set with nearly 60,000 manufactured housing sales transactions for the regions, we explore the determinants of park lot rents using a GMM 3SLS model. Both park lot rent levels, their determinants, and responses to local multi-family and single-family housing conditions vary from one economic region to another.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116052750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenging the Current Shariah Screening Methodology Assessments in Kuala Lumpur Shariah Index (KLSI)","authors":"Abdullah Ayedh, M. Kamaruddin, A. Shaharuddin","doi":"10.6007/ijarafms/v9-i4/6844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v9-i4/6844","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to explain the justification behind the current Shariah screening methodology assessments used by KLSI, which differs from other major Shariah screening methodology around the world. Besides, this study is also attempts to investigate on the intention to entitle Shariah-compliant status by Public Listed Companies (PLCs) in Malaysia. This study employed a series of interviews with five individuals who are involves with KLSI Shariah screening methodology as data collection procedure. Thus, this study found a number of justifications on the reasons behind the current Shariah screening methodology assessments used by KLSI. This includes reasons on the adoption of additional 20% tolerable percentage, additional criteria on corporate image and maslaha (public benefits) and also views on the leniency of current KLSI Shariah screening methodology assessments. Besides, this study also identified several measures to identify the intention to entitle Shariah-compliant status by PLCs. This includes voluntary application, effort of de-listed PLCs to be listed as Shariah-compliant for the following year, impact of Shariah-compliant status especially on the share prices and potential investors, good corporate image on maintaining Shariah-compliant status and the core value of the business. Then, this study also provide several recommendations to be considered for future improvement especially on Shariah screening methodology assessment.","PeriodicalId":120099,"journal":{"name":"Economic Anthropology eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129104439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}