OCEANS 2009最新文献

{"title":"Geotechnical investigations of sandy seafloors using dynamic penetrometers","authors":"N. Stark, A. Kopf, H. Hanff, S. Stegmann, R. Wilkens","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422460","url":null,"abstract":"Geotechnical in-situ characterization of the strength of the shallowest sub-seafloor sediment is an important factor in offshore engineering (e.g., scouring at wind energy plants), coastal engineering (e.g., sediment erosion close to the shores and beaches), navy applications (e.g., mine burial) and research (e.g., dunes in tide-affected areas). Dynamic penetrometers are well known as time- and cost-saving means to derive sediment physical properties in-situ and to detect layering or changes of strength of the shallow marine deposits. However, until now such instruments were rarely used on hard sandy seafloor because of their small penetration depth. The aim of this study is to unravel how applicable dynamic penetrometers are on sand and what kind of information they can deliver. Deceleration — depth signatures of the devices are used to compute quasi-static bearing capacity and related to governing parameters such as mineralogical composition, grain size distribution and sedimentary layering.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129321402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AquaOptical: A lightweight device for high-rate long-range underwater point-to-point communication","authors":"Marek Doniec, I. Vasilescu, M. Chitre, Carrick Detweiler, M. Hoffmann-Kuhnt, D. Rus","doi":"10.4031/MTSJ.44.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.44.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes AquaOptical, an underwater optical communication system. Three optical modems have been developed: a long range system, a short range system, and a hybrid. We describe their hardware and software architectures and highlight trade-offs. We present pool and ocean experiments with each system. In clear water AquaOptical was tested to achieve a data rate of 1.2Mbit/sec at distances up to 30m. The system was not tested beyond 30m. In water with visibility estimated at 3m AquaOptical achieved communication at data rates of 0.6Mbit/sec at distances up to 9m.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiments in bistatic laser line scan (LLS) underwater imaging","authors":"F. Dalgleish, F. Caimi, A. Vuorenkoski, W. Britton, B. Ramos","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422321","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an initial set of experiments being performed in the investigation of bistatic and multistatic laser line scan (LLS) extended range underwater imaging techniques. More specifically, the experiments which were performed in the large underwater laser test facility at Harbor Branch, use a short pulse (500ps) laser source to measure volumetric scatter and target signal time history to predict achievable image contrast for a range of geometries and scattering suspensions. This is in support of the development of a radiative transfer model, as well as to give an indication of the performance of the technique in various bistatic geometrical configurations. To further examine bistatic LLS imaging performance, experiments were also performed with a prototype benchtop bistatic LLS imaging system in near-identical conditions as the time-history measurements.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129681307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feature-oriented acoustic tomography: Upwelling at Cabo Frio (Brazil)","authors":"O. Carrière, J. Hermand, L. Calado, A.C. de Paula, I. D. da Silveira","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422337","url":null,"abstract":"The Cabo Frio region (Brazil) presents a unique coastal-oceanic system. Among several interesting oceanic phenomena that occur in this region, the coastal upwelling is the most important coastal feature and is mainly forced by persistent winds northeast. An oceanic feature model which specifically describes the Cabo Frio upwelling process is used as a parameterization scheme to track the time evolution of the sound-speed field of a vertical slice of the coastal waters. The tracker processes the repeated measurements of broad-band, multi-frequency (220-880 Hz), full-field acoustic field on a vertical receiver array. The acoustic data are assimilated in the feature model to continuously correct the prediction of the upwelling slope of the temperature field. To cope with the nonlinearity between the environmental parameters and the acoustic propagation data, advanced nonlinear extensions of Kalman filters are necessary. It is shown that an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) continuously tracks the upwelling conditions, outperforming the extended Kalman filter (EKF).","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127532186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the GCOOS Regional Association's data portal","authors":"M. Howard, F. Gayanilo, A. Jochens","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422150","url":null,"abstract":"The Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association (GCOOS-RA) received two multi-year NOAA grants to develop regional data systems supportive of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). One grant provides modest support to ten sub-regional observatories to modify their existing data systems to allow them to become stand-alone interoperable IOOS data nodes. The other grant supports the establishment of a regional data portal. The following describes the evolution and current status of the GCOOS-RA's data portal and some of the challenges encountered by the developers.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126943407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meeting stakeholder Ocean data needs in the Eastern Caribbean","authors":"J. Capella, J. Morell, J. Corredor","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422402","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the US Caribbean coastal region has been under-observed. Operational sources of basic information such as waves and currents have never been available; reliable coastal wind data collection has never met the spatial resolution demanded by the realities of high profile tropical islands. NOAA, through its IOOS Program Office, has recently taken the initiative to support and guide the development of a Caribbean Regional Association for Ocean Observing (CaRA), and a Caribbean Coastal Ocean Observing System (CarlCOOS) capable of providing for stakeholder needs for marine information in the region. Given the existing data void it was not surprising to find that while developing the regional need assessment part of the CaRA structuring, data products on coastal winds, waves, currents, coastal inundation and water quality were found to be the prioritary stakeholder needs. These are comprehensively tied to the IOOS program goals; to improve safety at sea, assure continued attainment of economic benefits from the ocean, and protecting our ocean environment. While recognizing that the near absence of pre-existing coastal observational assets in the region has allowed CaRA to chart its own unburdened course, the development of a cost-effective observation system effective across the diverse spatial and temporal scales of processes pertinent to regional stakeholders poses a major planning challenge. To meet identified needs while minimizing infrastructure deployment and maintenance, CaRA/CarlCOOS and associated experts have designed a system combining 'in situ\" and remotely sensed observations with a strong numerical modeling component. For example, we have initially endeavored to provide in situ ocean observations at the outer shelves of the two ocean regimes characteristic of our area: Atlantic and Caribbean which will provide validation for current and wave models. Such models initially provide wide-area coverage to be filled in with targeted finer-scale observations and model products as the system matures. CaRA/CarlCOOS is being implemented collaboratively through the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez (UPRM) and the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) with assistance from federal and state agencies. CaRA, an alliance of private and public entities and individuals encompassing maritime commerce, recreational concerns, commercial fishermen, safety responders, environmental managers and the general public, oversees planning and implementation of the system and evaluates its products and services. CaRA/CarlCOOS is committed to the adoption and to the implementation of IOOS DMAC standards throughout our model and data services.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130537277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NDBC IOOS® Data Assembly Center","authors":"W. Burnett, R. Crout","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422457","url":null,"abstract":"The National Data Buoy Center, located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast, began operations in 1967 as a program under the U.S. Coast Guard. In 1970, NOAA was formed and NDBC was transferred to that agency. The first buoys operated and managed by NDBC were large, 12-meter discus buoys that were constructed of steel and deployed in deep waters off the U.S. East Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. By 1979, NDBC maintained 26 stations: 16 in the Pacific Ocean, 7 in the Atlantic Ocean and 3 in the Gulf of Mexico. NDBC deployed 8 more stations in the Great Lakes during the 1980s. Today, NDBC operates 115 moored weather/ocean platforms, 52 coastal marine stations, 39 deep-ocean tsunameters and 55 tropical atmosphere ocean moored platforms in the equatorial Pacific. In response to the growing number of stations, NDBC established a data quality assurance group that quality controls data from all NDBC platforms, on a daily basis. The real-time observations are released through the NWS Telecommunications Gateway in Silver Spring, Maryland and sent to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Information System telecommunication services. Automated quality control is applied before the observations are released (checking for parity errors, range checks for spurious points, time continuity checks and zero wave heights). In addition, the observations are evaluated after 45 days, edited and sent to U.S. archive data centers for permanent storage. In 2001, NDBC began receiving, processing, quality controlling and disseminating observations from 10 stations deployed by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System. Weather Forecast Offices, mariners, transportation officials and the public wanted to ensure that the observations received NDBC's \"stamp of approval\" before they were used in daily operations. In July 2006, with funding from the NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) Program, NDBC started the IOOS® Data Assembly Center — operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week in response to increasing marine platforms, real-time observations and the need to support buoy recovery and deployment operations in the far reaches of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130702927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ontological status of autonomous underwater vehicle fleets","authors":"P. Ray, M. O'Rourke, D. Edwards","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422192","url":null,"abstract":"Collective behavior differs essentially from aggregate individual behavior. Multiple agents acting collectively are capable of performing certain behaviors that cannot be reduced to the behaviors of multiple agents acting individually. When multiple agents perform behaviors, they can be acting collectively and so be characterized as one entity. Ant colonies are generally thought to behave as a single entity rather than as a mere aggregate of individuals, and human social behavior also exhibits advantages over aggregate individual behavior. Recent research has shown the advantages of single entity, collective behavior, known as \"emergent behavior\", over aggregate sum behavior. In modeling the behaviors of multiple agents, we argue that emergent behavior must be characterized collectively. Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) fleets are collectives of autonomous vehicles with behaviors emerging at a fleet level. For this reason, the AUV behavior designer ought to distinguish between individual behavior and collective, fleet behaviors and use this in a dynamic and bi-level approach to structuring the pursuit of mission objectives.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"387 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131934819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification of unmanned underwater vehicle with velocity over 10 knots guidance control system based on hardware in the loop simulation","authors":"Arom Hwang, Seonil Yoon, Tae-yeong Kim, Dae-Yong Kwon, Chulho Choi, Hyeonjin Cho","doi":"10.23919/oceans.2009.5422227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422227","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater vehicles have many applications in scientific, military, and commercial area due to its autonomy. In many cases, the underwater vehicle usually adopts the control algorithm based on the tactical inertial sensor for the precise control. However the control algorithm using the tactical inertial sensor is not suitable for some underwater vehicle's missions as like the decoy of the torpedo. This paper proposes the control algorithm of underwater vehicle which doesn't needs the precise control. The control algorithm which is adopted with low cost MEMS inertial sensor is proposed for the underwater vehicle and the HILS experiment using 3 axes flight motion simulator (FMS) is performed for the verification of control algorithm under real environment and the results of the experiments are presented.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"s3-47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130214990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Qdot conjugates to detect proteins in situ in highly autofluorescent cyanobacterial cells","authors":"Shanshan Ren, K. Orcutt, K. Gundersen","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422065","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the low photostability of conventional organic fluorophores, their effectiveness in detecting proteins in highly autofluorescent cyanobacterial cells is limited. However, the inorganic fluorescent nanocrystal (Quantum Dot or Qdot) conjugates have the capability to overcome the limitation of organic fluorophores, and provide a promising tool for long-term imaging studies. In this study, we applied Qdot conjugated secondary antibodies associated with specific primary antibodies, and successfully detected nitrogenase and IdiA proteins in situ in highly autofluorescent cyanobacterial cells of the unicellular Crocosphaera watsonii (WH8501) and the non-heterocystous Trichodesmium erythraeum (EVIS101).","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115252986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}