OCEANS 2009最新文献

{"title":"Underwater acoustic localization by probabilistic fingerprinting in eigenspace","authors":"Kun-Chou Lee, Jhih-Sian Ou, Lan-Ting Wang","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422226","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the underwater acoustic localization is given by probabilistic fingerprinting in eigenspace. The eigenspace of this study means the projection of PCA (principal components analyses). The goal is to predict the receiver location through wireless acoustic communication signals in underwater environments. It should be emphasized that our underwater localization is performed from wireless acoustic communication signals, but not from commercial localization systems. In other words, the hardware can be utilized for both communication and localization simultaneously in our experiments. Our underwater localization scheme is based on the fingerprinting of wireless acoustic communication signals in eigenspace of PCA (principal components analyses). It is based on fingerprinting and contains two stages, i.e., the off-line (i.e., training) and on-line (i.e., predicting) stages. In the off-line stage, there are some reference locations. At each reference location, acoustic communication signals at different frequencies are collected and sampled at discrete time points to constitute an acoustic-signal map. In the on-line (predicting) stage, acoustic communication signals at the unknown location are collected to constitute a signal vector. The problem becomes to predict the coordinate of the unknown location by comparing the signal vector with existing acoustic-signal maps. To reduce the complexity of acoustic-signal maps and overcome the severe fluctuation of measured data, all received signals are projected onto the eigenspace of PCA. Each component of the feature vector in eigenspace is assumed to be random Gaussian distribution. In addition, the components of the feature vector are assumed to be independent. The final probability that the signal vector occurred at an arbitrary reference location becomes the product of different Gaussian distribution functions. Such a probability is viewed as the weight for such a reference location. The unknown location can be approximated by the weighted summation of different reference locations.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126051502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistics of buoy-observed waves during typhoons at Taiwanese Waters from 1997 to 2008","authors":"D. Doong, L. Z. Chuang, C. Kao, YenChieh Lin, Kuo-Ching Jao","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422090","url":null,"abstract":"Twelve data buoys are being operated at Taiwanese Waters in East Asia Pacific Ocean. Typhoon-induced sea-states are the main targets of measurements. In this study, ocean waves generated by typhoons from 1997 to 2008 are analyzed. Preliminary results show that the trends of increasing scale of maximum wave heights and the duration of severe sea-states during typhoons are found. In addition, extreme large wave was also recorded. All the identities show the changing of wave climate. This may bring large impacts for the coast as well as for ocean, is an un-pretermitted issue.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined GIS and ROV technologies improve characterization of water quality in coastal rivers of the Gulf of Mexico","authors":"A. Casper, E. Steimle, M. Hall, B. Dixon","doi":"10.23919/oceans.2009.5422061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422061","url":null,"abstract":"Rivers, estuaries, reservoirs, and lakes are multi-use systems that supply water for agricultural, industrial, and human consumption while simultaneously assimilating both point- and non-point source discharges. Existing methods of data collection are generally limited to snapshots in space and time while a comprehensive view of spatial variability remains elusive. Accelerating the integration of existing in-situ sensors, geospatial analysis techniques, and reliable autonomous sampling platform technologies provide immediate improvements for sampling and assessment programs. We provide a demonstration of this integration for high spatial resolution sampling and analysis in a non-wadeable river with an inexpensive unmanned sampling platform (USV), standards sensor arrays, and widely used geospatial techniques. These are used to creating 2-D maps of temperature, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, chlorophyll florescence and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). 2-D surface water quality maps show significant influences on local water quality from tributary confluences, submarine groundwater plumes, floodplain/riparian interfaces and other patchily distributed limnological features. Moreover, this project demonstrates how sensors, autonomous vehicles, and geospatial technologies work in concert to create a more comprehensive spatial picture compared to the standard systematic sampling grid with data displayed as means and standard deviations.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122770857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating marine observatories into a system-of-systems: Messaging in the US Ocean Observatories Initiative","authors":"M. Arrott, A. Chave, Claudiu Farcas, E. Farcas, J. Kleinert, I. Krueger, M. Meisinger, J. Orcutt, C. Peach, O. Schofield, Munindar P. Singh, F. Vernon","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422095","url":null,"abstract":"The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) will implement ocean sensor networks covering a diversity of oceanic environments, ranging from the coastal to the deep ocean. Construction will begin in Fall 2009, with deployment phased over five years. The integrating feature of the OOI is a comprehensive Cyberinfrastructure (CI), whose design is based on loosely-coupled distributed services, and whose elements are expected to reside throughout the physical components; from seafloor instruments to autonomous vehicles to deep sea moorings to shore facilities to computing and storage infrastructure. The OOI-CI provides novel capabilities for data acquisition, distribution, modeling, planning and interactive control of océanographie experiments. The architecture comprises six subsystems: four elements address the océanographie science- and education-driven operations of the OOI integrated observatory, and two elements provide core infrastructure services for the distributed, message-based, service-oriented integration and communication infrastructure, as well as the virtualization of computational and storage resources. All OOI functional capabilities and resources represent themselves as services to the observatory network, with precisely defined service access protocols based on message exchange. This paper presents an overview of the OOI services and focuses on the strategy for service-oriented integration and the publish-subscribe model for communication.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114057228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical assimilation in nearshore spectral wave model","authors":"Yang-Ming Fan, Kuo-Ching Jao, C. Kao, D. Doong, Li-Chung Wu","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422369","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to enhance the accuracy of numerical wave forecast with data assimilation. A technique — spectral data assimilation combine model results with measured data. Using measured data to correct model results immediately and then to do wave forecast. We adopt sequential data assimilation to do data assimilation. In the process of data assimilation, the optimal interpolation of partition from Voorrips, etc. is adopted and improved. And the analytic data is from data buoy. Expect to set up the technique of spectral data assimilation. And then discuss the result which using spectral data assimilation to typhoon numerical wave model in order to verify the accuracy of spectral data assimilation model and analyze the wave character Taiwan water.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121036082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Dardanelles strait outflow plume using a coupled model system","authors":"C. Blain, M. K. Cambazoğlu, V. Kourafalou","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422421","url":null,"abstract":"The ADvanced CIRCulation Model, ADCIRC, and the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM, are coupled in the Northern Aegean Sea. Over its 62 km, the Dardanelles Strait connects the Aegean Sea to the Marmara Sea. The Dardanelles outflow spreads to the Aegean Sea as a buoyant plume showing seasonal characteristics. The unstructured nature of the ADCIRC mesh provides the resolution necessary to model flow in the narrow strait whose minimum width is about 1 km. During one-way coupling efforts, ADCIRC is initialized using interannual solutions for temperature, salinity, velocity and water surface elevation fields taken from a larger domain HYCOM-AMB model, covering the Aegean, Marmara and Black Seas. Experiments using the one-way coupled model system are targeted at early February and late May of 2003 representing typical winter-spring and summer-fall conditions, respectively.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121663775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"O2-MAVS: An instrument for measuring oxygen flux","authors":"W. McGillis, C. Langdon, A. Williams, B. Loose","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422166","url":null,"abstract":"With the awareness that the surface ocean is becoming more acidic due to the uptake of anthropogenic C02 and that the resulting decrease in carbonate ion concentration is contributing to a decline in the calcification rate of many organisms, there is a pressing need to develop methods that can easily and reliably measure the calcification rates of these organisms under natural conditions so that any changes that may be occurring can be detected. Recent advances in control volume [1] and benthic boundary layer eddy correlation methods [2, 3] promise to make continuous non-invasive measurements of net oxygen community production and respiration a reality. These methods, however, cannot be extended to the measurement of calcification rate because no suitable sensor for the measurement of total alkalinity (TA) exists at the present time. We have a solution that is based on measuring the vertical gradients in current velocity and the chemical constituent of interest in the boundary layer. The vertical gradient in velocity gives us Kz and Kz times ôC/δζ gives us the flux of constituent C into or out of the seafloor. The method can be applied to the measurement of calcification but could also be applied to the measurement of the flux of any chemical or biological constituent that can be determined from a water sample, in this case 02. Water samples could be collected with an automated water sampler preferably slowly over the period of an hour so that high frequency variability that cannot be sampled would be averaged out. Here we present preliminary data using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Modular Acoustic Velocity Sensor (MAVS) and two Aanderaa oxygen optodes. Three test deployments were made on shallow, warm-water coral reefs in La Parguera, Puerto Rico. Time series of net production obtained using the boundary layer gradient flux method (GF) were compared with measurements based on the Eulerian upstream-downstream flow respirometry method and a 1-D water column mass balance method with air-sea gas exchange. The agreement between methods was very encouraging, thus validating the 02-MAVS as an instrument capable of measuring oxygen flux.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115381067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EARS buoy applications by LADC: I. marine animal acoustics","authors":"G. Ioup, J. Ioup, L. A. Pflug, Arslan M. Tashmukhambetov, N. Sidorovskaia, P. Schexnayder, C. Tiemann, Alan Bernstein, S. Kuczaj, G. H. Rayborn, J. Newcomb, R. Carlson, A. Ekimov","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422190","url":null,"abstract":"Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center (LADC) scientists have investigated sperm and beaked whale clicks as recorded on Environmental Acoustic Recording System (EARS) buoys to analyze whale behavior and the possibility of identifying individual whales acoustically. The research began in 2001 and continues through the present. LADC has conducted three experiments in the northern Gulf of Mexico and participated with the Naval Undersea Research Centre with three experiments in the Ligurian Sea. Initially the research centered on sperm whale coda clicks and echolocation clicks. In 2007 it was extended to the study of beaked whale echolocation clicks. The measured data suggest that click properties can be used to identify individual whales. Initially the identifications were done by grouping clicks using self-organizing maps and other means of cluster analysis. Each cluster or class represents an individual whale. These methods have been refined and have become reasonably robust. Verification of the identification has been a problem since using visual observations has not been satisfactory. Presently localization of the clicking animals is being coupled with cluster analysis to verify the identifications. A new finding that rhythms of echolocation clicks can be used to identify sperm whale individuals is now a part of the research, and cluster analysis, rhythm analysis, and localization are mutually reinforcing the identifications. Other results using EARS buoys for marine animal acoustics are listed among the key findings of LADC acoustic research.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122785470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave measurements using GPS","authors":"Li-Chung Wu, D. Doong, Beng-Chun Lee, C. Kao, Yen-Pin Lin","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422092","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a method to use GPS-output velocity signal as wave measurement data. A high pass filter was applied to GPS velocity spectrum in order to separate wave motion and satellite motion in the frequency domain. The vertical displacement spectrum of sea surface particle was obtained from velocity spectrum by applying a transformation function. In this study, laboratory experiments were designed to simulate perfect harmonic ocean wave motion by a dynamic simulator, in order to verify the present idea. It was identified average 4% bias on the vertical displacements between simulated and GPS derived, identifying the reasonable result from present GPS wave measurement approach. Field test was also carried out in this study. The GPS receiver was installed on a buoy and the derived significant wave height and mean wave period were compared with the buoy measurements by accelerometer. Field experiment showed approximate trend from buoy measured and GPS derived but an improvability results in quantification was found.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132871095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the wavelet transform to derive sea surface elevation from acceleration signals","authors":"L. Z. Chuang, Li-Chung Wu, Ching-Ruei Lin, C. Kao","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422433","url":null,"abstract":"The current work develops a procedure for carrying out the theories of continuous wavelet transform and inverse wavelet transform to derive sea surface level from acceleration records. Wave signals were applied to verify the practicability of the wavelet algorithm. It is revealed the accuracy of sea surface elevation is influenced by the margins of wave signals, noise in the low frequency band, and the mother wavelet function. After discussing cases of regular and irregular wave signals, this investigation confirms the method for deriving sea surface elevation from the acceleration signal using the wavelet transform.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134589478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}