OCEANS 2009最新文献

{"title":"Inter-enterprise integration — Moving beyond data level integration","authors":"B. Gritton","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422113","url":null,"abstract":"Navy METOC is fundamentally a knowledge-based enterprise. The products are themselves knowledge products and the processes that produce them are based upon the application of highly skilled scientific, warfighting, and information technology know how. The core of Navy METOC value is created from processes that transform massive amounts of environmental measurements, ultimately, into only a few actionable recommendations on the impacts of the environment on personnel, platforms, sensors, weapons, and mission courses of action. These impact assessments are output in support of mission planning, mission execution, mission post-construction and analysis, and mission training processes conducted by our warfighter consumers. Key inputs to our processes come from multiple providers, including other military and non-military METOC enterprises, and warfighter operations enterprises. As with any enterprise, sustained success for Navy METOC requires continuous improvement of the value output from the enterprise, as well as the processes applied in the creation, distribution, and use of output products. Improvement requires that the sources of value are understood, monitored, and optimized. Traditionally, the framework used to depict, understand, and assess the value points in an enterprise is referred to as a value-chain. The value-chain depicts upstream suppliers who provide input to internal processes, a description of key internal processes which produce products, and the downstream customers. In the context of this linear model, it is natural to focus on the exchange of data as the primary means of integration between enterprises. Previous advances in IT (ubiquitous bandwidth, canonical data models, interface adapters, computing power) have supported improved data integration solutions through broader access to relevant information and more flexibility via more loosely-coupled architectures. More recently, the co-evolution of computer science, and warfighter doctrine have created a new model of value creation called Net-Centric Operations & Warfare (NCOW). In this model, visible, accessible, and understandable assets are posted for discovery and use by authorized, potentially unanticipated, consumers of enterprise value. Further these assets are not just data sources; they also include web-based applications, and machine-to-machine (M2M) services. These assets will support not only data integration, but higher levels of inter-enterprise integration including human-to-machine (H2M), human-to-human (H2H), and process level compositions, all targeted to meeting the goals of specific warfighting missions. All DOD enterprises are required to implement strategies, policies, practices, processes and IT solutions that support NCOW. Effective transformation to a NCOW-aligned enterprise requires a clear way to express, understand, implement, monitor, manage, and assess the value of net-centric products and services; as well as the activities and exchanges that su","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127115507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping submerged aquatic vegetation with hyperspectral techniques","authors":"H. Ripley, D. Dobberfuhl, C. Hart","doi":"10.23919/oceans.2009.5422231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422231","url":null,"abstract":"The Saint John River is located in Florida and is a vital resource to the local community. The river system is managed by the Saint John River Water Management District (SJRWMD). The river supports a considerable growth of submerged underwater vegetation (SAV) and this vegetation is a good indicator of ecosystem health and provides feeding and nursery grounds for many animals. In addition the SAV adds dissolved oxygen to the river. It is important to note that the vegetated areas support almost three times the invertebrates as bare areas and SAV improves the habitat quality for invertebrates in both the sediment and water column. It is therefore very important as a management tool to be able to detect and map the location and extent of the SAV. However the river system is classed as a dark water river and it is very difficult to see through the water column. A pilot project using airborne hyperspectral methodology was conducted in 2003 to determine the effectiveness of using this method to map the SAV. The results were very encouraging and subsequent operational surveys have been conducted in 2006, 2008 and 2009. This paper will discuss the methodology used and will provide samples from the recent surveys.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125018760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New solutions for navigating an ocean of data","authors":"S. Mesick, P. Hill, S. Gottfried","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422218","url":null,"abstract":"With more than 90 percent of the world's ocean still unmapped and unexplored, the need for ocean exploration has never been more critical. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) provides NOAA and the Nation with a unique capability to discover and investigate new ocean areas and phenomena and to conduct the basic research required to capitalize on discoveries. In 2002 NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration (now part of OER) initiated a joint effort with NOAA's Data Centers1 and other partners to form an Integrated Product Team (IPT) for Data Management for the Ocean Exploration Program. The IPT researched and documented a strategic approach, and has since implemented an “End-to-End” (E2E) Information Management System to ensure that the scientific data and value-added data products produced as a result of NOAA's exploration program are appropriately managed. The cornerstone of the E2E System is the Cruise Information Management System, an open source, custom software suite designed to aggregate information collected from OER's expedition planning and operational processes into standard documentation formats (e.g., metadata records). In step with the new sensor suites and technical capacity available aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer (EX), CIMS capabilities are currently being extended to address new data management challenges resulting from the new technologies aboard ship. An important objective is to automate the creation of standard metadata records for a myriad of shipboard sensors with a minimum of human intervention. Other key technical investigations include the transformation of shipboard sensor data collections to open standards formats to enable near-real time data access and automated archival, as well as investigation into the use of a shore-side Data Assembly Center to provide a common framework for data transformation and distribution. The team's approach to systems development, emphasizing collaboration, flexibility, adaptation, and transparency, remains on course to meet future expedition information management needs. The IPT ensures that the information resulting from OER's global, interdisciplinary expeditions is broadly accessible to decision makers, scientists, educators, and the public, and is preserved for perpetuity. OER will not only serve NOAA's present needs, it will undoubtedly bring to light what will become of NOAA's and the Nation's future missions and priorities.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current best estimates of performance for NPOESS environmental data records with oceanographic applications","authors":"G. Mineart","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422450","url":null,"abstract":"Data records based on remotely sensed, operational measurements of the ocean comprise 10 of the 38 user-validated data requirements levied on the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) and are drivers of the design and implementation strategy for two of its principal sensors: the Visible-Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Microwave Imager/Sounder (MIS). The NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will deliver the VIIRS subset of these NPOESS ocean observations for demonstration and risk reduction after its planned launch in early 2011. This paper focuses on current best estimates of the performance of the system in delivering these ocean products. Test data and associated performance assessments from ongoing NPP VERS environmental testing and design definition activities associated with the MIS sensor provide additional insight into expected performance of the system. This insight translates to performance estimates that continue to meet or exceed comparable heritage operational systems and satisfy key operational threshold requirements for ocean observations.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techniques and tips: Get the most out of a mini-ROV","authors":"Mark Stepanek, J. Conger","doi":"10.23919/oceans.2009.5422326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422326","url":null,"abstract":"Performing tasks in an underwater environment is unpredictably demanding. For that reason, many people are turning to the mini-ROV platform to perform tasks well beyond the normal inspection and observation tasks for which -many years ago- mini-ROVs were developed. Based on this reason the real-world experience of several knowledgeable mini-ROV operators, techniques and tips that have helped them accomplish difficult or complicated tasks will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping, cross-walking, converting and exchanging Oceanographic metadata information in Video Data Management System","authors":"A. Fiolek, S. Gottfried, Stacy Ladnier, S. Mesick","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422072","url":null,"abstract":"The NOAA Central Library (NCL) has been collaborating with the Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER), and two divisions of the National Occanographic Data Center (NODC) — the Marine Data Stewardship Division (MDSD) and the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) — to address the requirements for metadata usage, archiving, preserving, managing, and providing online access to digital videos and still images from OER oceanographic expeditions. The Video Data Management System (VDMS) was developed to create and manage the metadata information to provide online and off-line access to video and images obtained during signature (NOAA-sponsored) oceanographic expeditions. NOAA scientists can discover thousands of digital videos and still images, hundreds of digital video clips, highlight movies, and related documents and products via metadata included in NOAALINC, the NCL online catalog (http://www.lib.noaa.gov/). During the development of the VDMS project plan, which is part of a larger comprehensive OER Data Management Project, the VDMS team defined and established several 'best practices' to support OER video data management and metadata requirements. Metadata guidelines developed for digital video (DV12) and digital still images (DI12) help scientists and data managers in the field to create complete descriptive and technical metadata about their video and image data. Scientists, librarians and archivists then use this information to create the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), MARCXML or MARC21 metadata records. The VDMS team also developed a work-flow for creating and managing metadata information on digital video by defining the process for moving video data from ship to library to archive, including steps for creating archival backup copies and web-accessible video clips and highlights. Many types of metadata are required to ensure that digital video and still images can be interpreted and used by software that may be available on future computers and operating systems. Technical metadata about the encoding format, codices used, playback rates, etc., are critical for software to be able to correctly interpret and display the contents of the digital files. Descriptive metadata is necessary to provide context for the content being displayed and answers questions about when, where, why, and by whom the video and images were obtained. It is often easiest to acquire these types of descriptive and technical metadata from the principal investigator (PI) or data manager soon after each cruise. This paper discusses a process of mapping different metadata schémas, metadata cross-walking and exchange between the NOAA Central Library Network, NODC, and NCDDC data centers to provide comprehensive information on NOAA scientific videos and related products. The paper also explains the library's standard procedures on digital video conversion, preservation and archiving.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122330758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ocean observing system for harmful algal bloom detection and tracking","authors":"R. Currier, C. Boyes, A. Hails, K. Nierenberg, B. Kirkpatrick, G. Kirkpatrick","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422308","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis forms harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the Gulf of Mexico. The toxins produced by K. brevis cause massive fish kills, contaminate bivalves such as clams and oysters, and produce toxic aerosols. These HABs result in closure of commercial seafood production, disruption of recreational fishing enterprises, and despondent tourists due to the dead fish and toxic aerosols at the beach. Our HAB Observing System is designed to begin to fulfill the critical need to detect and track these toxic blooms over economically relevant spatial/temporal scales. The two primary components in our HAB Observing system are the Optical Phytoplankton Discriminators (OPDs) placed on a variety of ocean platforms and the Beach Conditions Reporting System (BCRS). Data generated by the two systems are transferred in near-real-time providing critical information on HAB presences, absence, and impacts for the research community, resource managers, government agencies, and the general public. The two components, OPD and BCRS, have both seen major growth in the number of units/locations since implementation. The major challenges in keeping our HAB Observing System operational have been engineering, funding, and the natural environment. The OPD data have assisted the research community greatly in sampling strategies, whereas the BCRS data provide beachgoers with needed information to optimize their beach experience.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122851524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PATT: A performance analysis and training tool for the assessment and adaptive planning of Mine Counter Measure (MCM) operations","authors":"P. Mignotte, Jose Vazquez, Jon Wood, S. Reed","doi":"10.23919/oceans.2009.5422291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2009.5422291","url":null,"abstract":"Militaries are becoming increasingly aware of the need to quantitatively assess their Mine Counter Measures (MCM) capabilities. Recent developments in mine-hunting technology such as the use of AUV's, automated Computer Aided Detection / Computer Aided Classification (CAD/CAC) models and high resolution sonars must be evaluated to assess their abilities to meet the ever increasing demands of the MCM community. Efficient and cost-effective techniques for training MCM operators are also required. The Performance Analysis and Training Tool (PATT) module for SeeTrack Military assesses the MCM capabilities of a complete MCM system. The capability of an operator or a CAD/CAC algorithm to effectively clear a survey region is quantitatively measured (e.g. probability of detection) by PATT using an Augmented Reality approach. The key to this approach relies on accurately inserting simulated, ground-truth targets into real sensor data. Automated mission planning, risk analysis and Q-route planning are capabilities which derive the quantitative analysis output from the core PATT module. MCM capabilities are generally evaluated through sea trials which are both expensive and only use a small number of targets. A statistically robust measure of capability is therefore difficult to obtain. The PATT module deals with this by inserting multiple simulated mine targets into real sidescan sonar data allowing accurate quantitative estimates to be obtained. The topology of the seafloor is estimated through image segmentation algorithms and critical sonar parameters such as the range and resolution are determined during the process to ensure that the simulated targets are accurately integrated into the imagery. Evaluation results can therefore be obtained against a variety of controlled ground truth parameters such as sonar range, mine type and mine orientation. MCM capabilities are heavily impacted by the environment. The PATT modules uses SeeByte's Seafloor Classification module to provide information on the seabed characteristics within the survey region. A wavelet-based classification system initially classifies each individual sonar image after which a Markov Random Field (MRF) based fusion system merges these results to provide a large scale classification mosaic of the region. The impact of the seafloor on MCM capabilities can therefore also be measured. The output of the core PATT module is a series of ROC Curves providing a measure of Probability of Detection (PD) versus the Probability of False Alarm (PFA) with respect to the confidence level of the detector for any seafloor type, target type or range of analysis. The statistics can be used to provide a measure of risk of undiscovered mine targets being present in the survey region given the number of targets found using a binomial model. This capability is critical for strategic mission planning. This can later be used for planning Q-routes through the application of Fast Marching methods. PATT may also be ","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129948770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of filtered multitone modulation systems for underwater communication","authors":"J. Gomes, M. Stojanovic","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422175","url":null,"abstract":"In Filtered Multitone Modulation (FMT), the bandwidth is split into a number of subbands in which single-carrier signals are modulated onto separate carriers with very little spectral overlap, making the waveform resilient to intercarrier interference. Demodulation is followed by a bank of parallel equalizers, one for each subband. The length of each equalizer is less than what would be needed in a single-carrier system operating over the same total bandwidth. A channel-estimation-based decision-feedback equalization method using a two-step procedure (estimation/fusion) is proposed for FMT. In this structure, channel estimates are used to cancel postcursor intersymbol interference from input signals prior to linear equalization. Parallel channel estimates of adjacent subbands are then fused, i.e. linked to a common underlying multipath model which exploits frequency correlation to improve upon the channel estimates. The sparse nature of underwater acoustic channels may be exploited by setting to zero all but the significant channel taps, thus further relieving equalization of the estimation noise. The performance of underwater FMT is assessed via simulation and using real data transmitted over 800 m in shallow water at rates of 2–6 kbit/s. The results are compared to OFDM and single-carrier QPSK modulation operating at similar bandwidth efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128427106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tool for rapid configuration of a river model","authors":"C. Blain, R. Linzell, A. Weidemann, P. Lyon","doi":"10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/OCEANS.2009.5422418","url":null,"abstract":"A tool has been developed, the River Simulation Tool (RST), that allows the configuration of a two-dimensional hydrodynamic river model based on imagery-extracted information that defines model geometry and water depth, as available. The RST contains automated shoreline processing and mesh generation capabilities for unstructured grids and accommodates user-specified forcing and parameter values. Alternatively, the RST provides synthetic bathymetry and default forcing and parameter values for those situations in which observational data or information describing the river environment is unavailable. This manuscript describes the components of the RST in detail and its application to the upper East Pearl River, MS. Solutions for water level and currents from the RST-generated river model are compared to a \"truth\" solution for the same region. Implementation of the RST's ensemble creation feature allows an assessment of the sensitivity of river predictions to the specification of water depth, bottom type, and upstream discharge conditions.","PeriodicalId":119977,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 2009","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128514156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}