European Journal of Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing neonatal resuscitation outcomes: bridging theory and practice.","authors":"Pankaj Soni, Manjunath Mallikarjuna Nagalli","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06087-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06087-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonatal resuscitation practices have undergone tremendous changes over the past two decades, with progress accelerating due to advances in medical technology, scientific research, and improvements in clinical practices. Among other global frameworks, the neonatal resuscitation program has been periodically updated to incorporate evidence-based interventions aimed at improving survival rates, reducing morbidity and enhancing long-term health outcomes for newborns. This review traces the historical development of neonatal resuscitation guidelines from the early days' resuscitation practices of the mid-twentieth century to the present day. It narrates how clinical needs, emerging technologies, and scientific discoveries have shaped the evolution of these guidelines and practices. By reviewing recent guidelines, such as those issued by the American Heart Association and the World Health Organization, this article sheds light on the current core principles of neonatal resuscitation, including effective airway management, appropriate ventilation techniques, and the critical importance of timely intervention. The major determinants of changes in guidelines, as identified through this review, include advancements in scientific research, expert opinion, and international collaboration. Challenges in implementing these guidelines, particularly in low-resource settings, are discussed, along with case studies that demonstrate the impact of updated practices in real-world clinical environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> The review concludes with a reflection on the continued need for research to close remaining gaps and enhance neonatal resuscitation practices across diverse global contexts.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Effective neonatal resuscitation significantly improves outcomes by reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity. • Neonatal resuscitation program provides standardized protocols to implement these resuscitation skills.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Simulation-based training and real-time feedback can bridge the gap between theoretical guidelines and practical application. • Despite advances in knowledge and application of these guidelines, challenges persist, such as regional differences, lack of resources in lower-income countries, and ideal ventilation devices and oxygenation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Bioethical issues in neonatal care: the case of CARPEDIEM.","authors":"Claudio Ronco, Zaccaria Ricci","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06092-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06092-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole exome sequencing diagnosing syndromic and non-syndromic hearing loss with expansion of the phenotypic spectrum related to TMC1 variants.","authors":"Nagham M Elbagoury, Engy A Ashaat, Mona K Mekkawy, Ragaey Y Mohamed, Anas M Askoura, Peter M Milad, Mona L Essawi","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06052-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06052-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hearing loss (HL) is an impending disorder. The high incidence of congenital genetic HL affects the language and communication skills of a large number of children worldwide. Our study is mainly concerned with exploring the genetic etiology of congenital hearing loss through Sanger sequencing of the coding exon in GJB2, the most common causative gene worldwide, in 17 patients from 13 unrelated families followed by whole exome sequencing for cases showing biallelic wildtype GJB2. Eleven patients from eight families showed homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in the GJB2 gene. Six patients from five families proceeded to whole exome sequencing. One of them showed a reported variant in ILDR1, and three showed novel variants in the TMC1 and KCNQ1 genes. Two showed variants reported for the first time in HL patients in the PEX6 and MYO3A genes.In conclusion, this study suggests new insights into the contribution of MYO3A, KCNQ1, and PEX6 to congenital sensorineural hearing loss as well as possible expansion of the phenotypic spectrum of the TMC1 gene. What is Known: • Sanger sequencing and whole exome sequencing are used for molecular diagnosis of syndromic and non-syndromic types of hearing loss (HL). • TMC1 gene causes a type of non-syndromic HL. What is New: • Expanding the molecular spectrum of MYO3A, PEX6, TMC1, and KCNQ1 genes as contributor genes in HL by detecting variants first time to be detected in HL patients. • Expanding the clinical spectrum of TMC1 gene to cause syndromic and non-syndromic HL.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"257"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When should a neonatologist consult a rheumatologist?","authors":"Ali Öksel, Nihal Şahin, Ayla Günlemez","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06086-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06086-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric rheumatologic diseases are complex conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations, including fever, rash, joint involvement, and diarrhea, impacting more than one organ system and affecting all pediatric age groups from 0 to 18 years. This review focuses on rheumatologic diseases in neonates, encompassing both primary neonatal-onset conditions and those influenced by maternal autoimmune diseases and treatments during pregnancy. Diagnosing rheumatologic diseases in neonates is challenging due to their nonspecific symptoms, which can overlap with other conditions. While primary neonatal-onset diseases such as cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), deficiency of IL-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA), and neonatal-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are rare, maternal autoimmune diseases and their treatments can also impact neonatal health. Conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may increase neonatal risks, leading to complications such as thrombosis or pregnancy loss. Identifying these conditions early and providing the proper care is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Persistent fever, rash, or unexplained joint involvement warrants early referral to a pediatric rheumatologist. A multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, rheumatologists, and neonatologists is essential for timely diagnosis and optimal neonatal outcomes.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Diagnosis of neonatal rheumatologic diseases is difficult because their symptoms are nonspecific and may overlap with other neonatal diseases. • Maternal autoantibodies transmitted through the placenta may lead to neonatal complications (e.g. congenital heart block, thrombosis).</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Long-term follow-up of autoinflammatory diseases is essential, as the absence of neonatal-specific damage indices limits the ability to assess disease progression and treatment outcomes, underscoring the need for validated scoring systems tailored to neonates. • Novel biomarkers, such as elevated levels of cord C-reactive protein, NT-proBNP, MMP-2, uPA, uPAR, and plasminogen, have been identified, offering new insights into potential diagnostic tools for cardiac neonatal lupus.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of obesity on the GnRH stimulation test in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty.","authors":"Ulku Gul Siraz, Ayse Karadag, Nazlı Sultan Ozsoy, Emine Kaygi Tartici, Aynura Aliyeva, Selim Kurtoglu, Nihal Hatipoglu","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06077-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-025-06077-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is essential for diagnosing idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). Research provided that luteinizing hormone (LH) levels during the test are lower in overweight and obese girls. This study aims to establish diagnostic cut-off values in the GnRH stimulation test specifically for overweight and obese girls with ICPP. Retrospective data from 925 girls diagnosed with ICPP or premature thelarche (PT) who underwent GnRH testing were analyzed. Patients were categorized into normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW) groups based on Body Mass Index Standard Deviation Score (BMI-SDS), with BMI-SDS ≥ 1 indicating OW. Only patients with Tanner stage 2 or 3 breast development were included. The mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 ± 1.1 years in ICPP and 6.4 ± 1.4 years in PT. Among the patients, 455 (49.2%) were OW. In the OW-ICPP group, the peak LH cut-off was 3.56 IU/L (AUC:0.733; sensitivity:69.2%, specificity:64%), and the peak LH/FSH ratio was 0.29 (AUC:0.828; sensitivity:77.1%, specificity:76.3%). For NW patients, the peak LH cut-off was 4.75 IU/L (AUC:0.809; sensitivity:77.1%, specificity:70.7%), and the peak LH/FSH ratio was 0.3 (AUC:0.926; sensitivity: 86.3%, specificity: 86%). In the peak LH cut-off model, the multivariate analysis identified BMI-SDS as a significant negative predictor (OR:0.585, 95%CI: 0.477-0.717, p < 0.001), showing a strong inverse relationship. Similarly, in the peak LH/FSH ratio model, BMI-SDS remained a significant negative predictor (OR: 0.744, 95% CI: 0.614-0.902, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, gonadotropin responses during the GnRH stimulation test were lower in overweight and obese girls with Tanner stage 2 and 3 ICPP compared to standard thresholds. It is important to utilize the GnRH test alongside clinical findings when diagnosing these patients, as responses below standard values do not rule out precocious puberty. This highlights the need for tailored diagnostic criteria to ensure timely and accurate diagnosis in this population.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Obesity is a risk factor for early puberty.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• In girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty, obesity leads to lower values in the GnRH stimulation test compared to normal ranges. This may result in missed diagnoses, emphasizing the need to evaluate cases thoroughly with clinical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of congenital heart disease, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.","authors":"Xiaoling Zhang, Yuxuan Feng, Jiajia Ren, Xuting Jin, Jiamei Li, Yanli Hou, Ruohan Li, Lingzhi Qin, Wanyuan Liu, Yawen Yang, Qingmiao Ma, Gang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06085-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06085-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a major birth defect characterized by structural and functional heart abnormalities. This study provides updated estimates of CHD prevalence, mortality, and disability using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. We examined the age-standardized rates of CHD prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, stratified by gender, age group, and region. Temporal trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and associations with the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) were examined to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic development. From 1990 to 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of CHD remained stable (EAPC: 0.04%, 95% CI: 0.03%-0.05%), while the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) (EAPC: -2.38%, 95% CI: -2.44% to -2.32%) and DALYs rate (EAPC: -2.34%, 95% CI: -2.40% to -2.28%) showed significant declines. Among the SDI quintiles, low-SDI regions had the highest ASMR and age-standardized DALYs rates, whereas high-SDI regions demonstrated the highest ASPR. Males experienced higher ASMR and age-standardized DALYs rates than females. Meanwhile, infants under 28 days exhibited the highest prevalence rate (1,539.77 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 1,309.62 to 1,805.88), mortality rate (760.25 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 609.51 to 944.66), and DALYs rate (68,489.79 per 100,000 population, 95% UI: 54,902.56 to 85,088.24) in 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the global decline in CHD-related mortality and DALYs, targeted strategies are crucial for low-SDI regions, males, and infants under 28 days. Improving prenatal screening, maternal nutrition, and pediatric cardiology services can address persistent disparities in CHD outcomes.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Congenital heart disease (CHD), characterized by structural and functional heart abnormalities during embryonic development, is one of the most common type of congenital defects. • While the global age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) related to CHD declined significantly from 1990 to 2017, it remained notably high in low-SDI and lower-middle-SDI regions in 2017.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Infants under 28 days of age had the highest prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) rates related to CHD. • Males had higher ASMR and age-standardized DALYs rates compared to females.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics of children with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis with and without anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody.","authors":"Yuan Xue, Yuhang Li, Hanyu Luo, Jiannan Ma, Xiujuan Li, Siqi Hong, Wei Han, Li Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06078-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06078-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyze the clinical characteristics of an overlapping syndrome, MNOS, of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) coexisting with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) in children. We included patients with NMDARE at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2018 and 2022 and conducted a comparison between NMDARE with and without MOG-Ab. Among 163 patients with NMDARE, 15 individuals tested positive for MOG-Ab. The median age of MNOS was 11 years (IQR 8-13). Furthermore, 10 out of 15 were female. More than half of MNOS experienced a prior history of encephalitis or demyelinating disorders. Among ten patients with low MOG-Ab titers, two met the diagnostic criteria for MOGAD. All five patients with high MOG-Ab titers satisfied the criteria for MOGAD. A total of seven patients diagnosed with MOGAD presented with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. The proportion of prodromal symptoms and brain lesions, the neutrophil counts, and the frequency of mycophenolate mofetil administration were significantly higher in MNOS compared to NMDARE patients without MOG-Ab (p < 0.05). The outcomes of MNOS were favorable and comparable to those observed in NMDARE. Nevertheless, MNOS demonstrated a higher tendency to relapse, with rates of 60.0% compared to 3.1% (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric MNOS exhibited a high prevalence among females, particularly those with a prior history of MOGAD or encephalitis. MNOS had a favorable prognosis but with a high relapse rate. Coexisting MOG-Ab in pediatric MNOS may be pathogenic or a bystander, potentially correlating with antibody titers.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) coexisting with anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) generally has a favorable prognosis, albeit with a tendency to relapse. • Pediatric NMDARE coexisting with MOG-Ab may exhibit imaging features indicative of demyelination.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Pediatric patients of MOG-Ab coexisting with NMDARE overlapping syndrome (MNOS) were predominantly observed in females, particularly those with a history of MOG-Ab-associated disorder (MOGAD) or encephalitis. • Compared with NMDARE patients, pediatric MNOS patients had higher neutrophil counts and more frequently exhibited abnormal MRI findings in the basal ganglia, insular lobe, temporal lobe, thalamus, and cerebellum.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A web-based questionnaire to evaluate risk factors to develop cow milk allergy.","authors":"Meltem Dinleyici, Koray Harmanci, Didem Arslantas, Yvan Vandenplas, Ener Cagri Dinleyici","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06070-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-025-06070-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many environmental, genetic, and epigenetic variables are considered to influence the evolution of cow's milk allergy (CMA). The gastro-intestinal microbiota may play a direct role in or inhibit tolerance development. In this study, we planned to evaluate the presence of previously identified risk factors for microbiota composition. This study used a cross-sectional electronic survey in Turkiye, utilizing a national convenience sample of 270 children with CMA, as reported by their caregivers, and 2154 healthy controls. We developed a web-based questionnaire to gather information on pregnancy and maternal-related factors, delivery mode, feeding patterns, antibiotic use, and the presence of pets in the home. The risk factors affecting CMA were maternal age (OR 0.897; 0.862-0.934, p < 0.01), presence of maternal allergic disorders (OR 3.070; 1.891-4.983, p < 0.001) and in both parents (OR 3.831; 1.202-12.210, p < 0.001), maternal weight at conception (OR 1.016; 1.003-1.030, p < 0.05), maternal weight gain during pregnancy (OR 1.033; 1.012-1.056, p < 0.01), (absence of a) pet at home (OR 1.394; 1.003-1.938, p < 0.05), intrapartum antibiotic use (OR 1.469; 1.092-1.975, p < 0.05), antibiotic use during the first 6 months of life (OR 1.933; 1.306-2.863, p < 0.001), and number of householders (OR 0.794; 0.650-0.969, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In addition to allergic disorders in parents, maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy, intrapartum and first 6 months of life antibiotic use, and the presence of pets at home were found to be microbiota-related risk factors in children with CMA. Potential strategies related to microbiota composition may contribute positively to the disease's development and progression.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• The gut microbiome contributes to the development of cow milk allergy, and disrupted microbiota maturation during the first year of life appears to be common in pediatric food allergies. • Factors that influence an infant's microbiota within the first 1000 days and the relationship between these factors and microbiota may enhance allergy diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Besides parental allergy disorders, maternal weight and weight gain during pregnancy, antibiotic use during intrapartum and first six months of life, and the presence of pets at home were identified as microbiota-related risk factors in children with CMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sarcopenic obesity among children between 6 and 10 years of age: a prospective study.","authors":"Bahar Öztelcan Gündüz, Aysu Duyan Çamurdan, Mücahit Yıldız, Fatma Nur Baran Aksakal, Emine Nükhet Ünsal","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06067-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00431-025-06067-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to examine the effects of physical activity, eating habits, sleep patterns, and media use on children's body composition during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the relationship of these factors with sarcopenic obesity (SO). This prospective cross-sectional study has involved 431 healthy male and female child participants aged between 6 and 10 years during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. The daily routines of participants, including their dietary habits, levels of physical activity, and media usage patterns, have been assessed. The anthropometric measurements taken included body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and skinfold thickness assessments. Body composition analyses have been conducted using the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method to determine the total body fat and muscle mass as well as the fat percentage. It has identified obesity in 25.2% and SO in 9.5%. Children with SO have had mean BMI SDS of 2.67 ± 0.4 and mean waist circumference of 78.5 ± 9 cm. Fruit consumption OR = 2.68, 95% CI (1.13-6.31), the number of household members OR = 0.54, 95% CI (0.35-0.84), the duration of sitting time OR = 1.17, 95% CI (1.02-1.36)], and junk food consumption OR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.03-1.57)] have been found to be effective in the development of SO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the body composition of children, resulting in an increased prevalence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity. This research highlights the critical importance of engaging in regular physical activity, consuming a balanced diet, and obtaining sufficient sleep, particularly during times of crisis.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Sarcopenic obesity is a complex metabolic condition characterized by reduced muscle mass and increased adipose tissue. • COVID-19 pandemic-related physical inactivity potentially has led to adverse effects on muscle mass composition.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• First comprehensive assessment of sarcopenic obesity development in children during the COVID-19 pandemic, utilizing advanced bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to evaluate changes in muscle mass and adipose tissue. • Systematic evaluation of the impact of sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits on sarcopenic obesity during the unprecedented lockdown period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental knowledge of developmental milestones in Peshawar, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Bareera Asad, Musawaira Noor, Eeman Sohail, Inam Ullah, Bashir Ahmad","doi":"10.1007/s00431-025-06088-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-025-06088-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental milestones are significant achievements in a child's growth and development across various domains including physical, cognitive, language, social, emotional, and adoptive development. These milestones mark important transitions from simple reflexes to complex skills and behaviors in a child's life. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 225 parents using convenience sampling at the pediatrics OPD of Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar. The study was conducted in June 2024. A structured questionnaire was employed to assess parental knowledge of developmental milestones and their sources of information. The data was analyzed using SPSS v27. This study aimed to assess parental knowledge regarding developmental milestones in children. It also explores various sources used by the parents for information regarding their children's health and development. Two hundred twenty-five parents including 89 (39.6%) males and 136 (60.4%) females averaging 35.5 years of age participated in the study. Two hundred twenty-two (98.7%) were married and more than half were working jobs or owning businesses. Parents showed poor levels of knowledge in all four domains, i.e., physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development. They scored 9.2% in physical, 20.6% in cognitive, 14.5% in social, and 10.07% in emotional developmental milestones. Most parents (161 (75%)) relied on advice from friends and family. Parenting seminars and courses were unpopular sources of information as more than 193 (85%) \"never\" attended any. No significant difference (p > 0.05) in knowledge was observed across different genders of the parents and child, socioeconomic status, and education level. The knowledge of \"emotional developmental milestones\" showed a slightly positive statistically significant correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.149; p-value = 0.026) with \"the number of children under 14.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents are poorly informed about developmental milestones. Most parents rely on relatives and friends instead of parenting workshops, courses, or consulting their caregivers and doctors.</p><p><strong>What is known: </strong>• Parents in the Northwestern regions of Pakistan have one of the lowest literacy rates in the world. • No studies have been done to investigate parental knowledge regarding the development of children in Peshawar, Pakistan.</p><p><strong>What is new: </strong>• Parents in Peshawar, Pakistan have subpar knowledge of developmental milestones of children. • Most parents rely on advices from their friends and family instead of attending parenting seminars, reading books or other r helpful material.</p>","PeriodicalId":11997,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pediatrics","volume":"184 4","pages":"248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}