European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis of glycophospholipid conjugates with mono- and disaccharides by enzymatic transphosphatidylation","authors":"Nikolina Barchan,&nbsp;Patrick Adlercreutz","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300240","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phospholipids, PLs, are interesting and highly abundant amphiphilic molecules, which self-assemble into 3D nanostructures that have big interest as formulation excipients in, for example, pharma industry. However, the structures that are formed by naturally occurring PLs usually suffer from rigidity problems, and the nanostructures have to be modified in various ways for improved stability. One such approach is by the conjugation of saccharides to the PL head group. In this study, we investigate reaction conditions for the scalable phospholipase D–catalyzed transphosphatidylation reaction for the synthesis of glycophospholipids. Biphasic reaction systems with different solvents are compared with a purely aqueous system with PLs dispersed as vesicles. The investigations showed that use of the biphasic system containing chloroform and a glucose/phosphatidylcholine ratio of 50, in combination with carefully selected enzyme concentration and reaction time, led to an optimized process without any hydrolytic side reaction for the synthesis of phosphatidyl glucose. The reaction system was then applied to a variety of different mono- and disaccharides for the synthesis of a range of different glycophospholipids, resulting in yields up to 85% of phosphatidyl monosaccharides and 35% of disaccharides.</p><p><i>Practical Application</i>: Phospholipids and other polar lipids are of great scientific interest as formulation excipients. The chemical structures of lipids used for such applications have major impact on the properties of the self-aggregated systems. Synthesis of new phospholipids with modified head groups can tremendously widen the portfolio of available choices of formulation excipients and make it possible to make customized formulations with the desired properties. The introduction of saccharides in the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid alters the chemistry of head group and its interaction with surrounding water in vesicle systems and should therefore have a significant effect on its formulating properties compared to natural phospholipids.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202300240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oregano, thyme, and lemongrass essential oils as antimicrobial agents in gelatin for photographic films","authors":"Ulrike M. Hirsch,&nbsp;Magdalena Jablonska,&nbsp;Neeraja Neelam,&nbsp;Nico Teuscher,&nbsp;Christian E. H. Schmelzer","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300198","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of selected essential oils as more environmentally friendly, sustainable antimicrobial agents in photographic films for long-term data storage. For this purpose, essential oils of oregano, thyme, and lemongrass were added in concentrations ranging from 0.4% to 4% to the gelatin comprising a protective layer for photographic microfilms. The emulsions were analyzed via UV-Vis for their optical transparency, then tested for their antimicrobial efficacy against <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Staphylococcus hominis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. Thin coatings generated by spreading and drying the emulsions onto photographic film substrates were then characterized morphologically via SEM before and after standardized artificial aging procedures. It was found that oregano oil at a concentration of 0.4% maintained the optical and physical properties of the emulsion and proved highly effective against all tested bacteria. Thyme and lemongrass oil also exhibited some antimicrobial activity, however, were not able to inhibit the bacterial growth completely. At higher concentrations of the oils, the gelatin coatings cracked after artificial aging, which makes them unsuitable for the application. To conclude, selected essential oils like oregano oil can be used as an effective antimicrobial agent without compromising the quality of the photographic films.</p><p><i>Practical Applications</i>: The results of our research can be applied directly to the manufacturing of photographic films, specifically ones intended for long-term data storage. Furthermore, many applications of gelatin or related materials which require antimicrobial activity, such as food packaging, could be enhanced by the addition of essential oils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202300198","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the impact of olive milling on the mineral oil contamination of extra-virgin olive oils","authors":"Luca Menegoz Ursol,&nbsp;Sabrina Moret","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral oil saturated (MOSH) and aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH) are environmental and processing contaminants also found in extra-virgin olive oil. Knowledge on contamination sources can help minimize them. The main objective of this work was to investigate the impact of milling operations. To this purpose, samples from 25 processing lines (at 5 different processing stages) were analyzed by online high-performance liquid chromatography—gas chromatography—flame ionization detection. A protocol for eliminating endogenous <i>n</i>-alkanes was tested and applied when necessary. Generally, transport to the mill had a negligible impact. The washing step had a mitigation impact, more evident on samples with higher contamination. On average, total MOSH decreased of 2.1 mg kg^–1. Despite the reduction determined by washing, the entire milling process resulted in an increase in contamination (&gt; 30%) for 20% of the processing lines. Total average MOSH and MOAH contamination increased by 2.3 and 0.6 mg kg^–1, respectively.</p><p><i>Practical Applications</i>: This work aims to improve the knowledge on the presence and sources of mineral oil hydrocarbons (MOH), contaminants of petrogenic origin, in extra-virgin olive oil. In particular, this work investigates the impact of processing at the mill, including the transport stage, as well as the potential of the washing step in reducing the contamination. For the first time, a systematic study on this topic has been carried out. The knowledge of the contribution of individual steps in the production process to final product contamination is of paramount importance in identifying critical points on which to take action to mitigate contamination, and this is of great interest for all operators of the sector and for protecting consumer health, especially when considering possible presence of MOAH, which may include genotoxic and carcinogenic compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139559961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genistein relieves liver damage and improves lipid dysregulation through endoplasmic reticulum suppression in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats","authors":"Huijia Zhong,&nbsp;Huanhuan Liu,&nbsp;Zhuoqin Jiang,&nbsp;Wenjun Huang","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we investigated the potential of genistein, the most abundant isoflavone in soybeans, to mitigate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in high-fat high-sucrose induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rats. Forty male SD rats are divided into four groups: the Control group, high-fat high-sucrose diet group (HFSD), HFSD + low-dose genistein group (LG), and HFSD + high-dose genistein group (HG). The Control group is fed with a D12450B diet, whereas the latter three groups are fed with a D12492 diet with 10% sucrose in drinking water. 12 weeks later, serum and liver lipid levels, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, and protein expression of GRP78, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), p-PERK, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF2α), p-eIF2α and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were characterized. Genistein significantly improved lipid profiles, alleviated AST and ALT levels, and reduced key typical NASH features, including macrovascular steatosis, lobular inflammation, and balloon degeneration of hepatocytes. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that genistein suppressed the activation of PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signal pathway induced by HFSD. Our present study indicates that genistein is capable of relieving liver damage, improving lipid dysregulation and modulating ER stress by suppressing the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-CHOP signal pathway in NASH rats.</p><p><i>Practical Applications</i>: Genistein is capable to relieve liver damage and improve lipid dysregulation through the modulation of PERK–eIF2α–CHOP in NASH rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LCMS: An R package for automated semitargeted analysis in lipidomics","authors":"Caroline Peltier,&nbsp;Glenda Vasku,&nbsp;Marine Crépin,&nbsp;Stephanie Cabaret,&nbsp;Olivier Berdeaux","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While nontargeted analysis aims to profile and report the relative distributions of a wide range of molecules from different lipid classes/subclasses, its major challenge is the annotation and identification of the molecules. Semitargeted analysis circumvents the problem by establishing a (potentially large) list of molecules to be targeted in the samples that are identified before the analysis. This approach is particularly adapted for lipid analysis to help with the automation of lipid annotation and identification. However, the manual extraction of peaks for many molecules and many samples is time consuming. Consequently, an automation of these extractions is deeply required. This paper presents a free R package for the automation of semitargeted analysis for lipid analysis. From raw files collected with LC-MS device and a list of molecules to target (containing their class), it automatically returns Excel files containing the intensities for each targeted molecule and each sample. This package allows a fast computation of the intensities. Furthermore, it guarantees the reproducibility of the results and is freely available and user-friendly.</p><p><i>Practical Applications</i>: With the help of the R package presented in this paper, the use of semitargeted lipidomics as an alternative to untargeted analysis should be investigated by more labs. Work on the comparisons between the approaches could be conducted. While untargeted methods are mostly used, they require long pretreatments and identification of molecules of interest. On the contrary, in semitargeted analysis, once the integration table and retention time are obtained, the results are fast and directly interpretable. An idea for lipidomics would be to use untargeted lipidomics to compute the integration table and retention table, then use semitargeted analysis for a fast computation of well identified molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202300077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139517830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Board: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 1/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202470036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.202470036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202470036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139406911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Picture: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 1/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202470035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.202470035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Simplified cholesterol backbone with images of a random spectral trace, a palm leaf (Rainer Sturm/pixelio.de), fluorescently stained lipid droplets (red) and associated proteins (green) in a T3T-L1 adipocyte (Johanna Spandl, University of Bonn, Germany), and fish (Vera/pixelio.de).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202470035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139406910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contents: Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 1/2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202470037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.202470037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ejlt.202470037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139406958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of spent coffee ground as a natural antioxidant and its use for sunflower oil shelf-life extension","authors":"Laila Bijla,&nbsp;Asma Hmitti,&nbsp;Angela Fadda,&nbsp;Samira Oubannin,&nbsp;Jamila Gagour,&nbsp;Rabha Aissa,&nbsp;Abdellatif Laknifli,&nbsp;El Hassan Sakar,&nbsp;Said Gharby","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the present paper, spent coffee grounds (SCG) were investigated for their antioxidant capacity, chemical profiling, and their potential to extend the shelf-life of refined sunflower oil (RSO). Ethanolic SCG extract (SCGE) ability to enhance RSO oxidation, during accelerated aging conditions, was examined at 60°C for 120 days. To this end, oxidative stability was evaluated for RSO added with SCGE (at 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.03%) in the presence of a negative control (RSO without SCGE) and a positive one consisting in vitamin E (VE, a synthetic antioxidant) using the same concentrations (0.01%–0.03%). Our outcomes reveal that SCG were an important source of oil, protein, carbohydrates, minerals, pigments, phenolics, and flavonoid compounds, and they have high antioxidant capacity. SCGE at 0.03% increased RSO oxidative stability by reducing free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and conjugated dienes (CD) and trienes (CT) compared to the unenriched oil. However, both SCGE and VE had no significant effect (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) on the fatty acids profile and iodine value. Furthermore, RSO enriched with SCGE had overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation. In conclusion, SCGE improved RSO oxidative stability, and therefore, it could be used as an efficient natural antioxidant to substitute VE during industrial processes.</p><p><i>Practical Application</i>: It is widely accepted that synthetic antioxidants may be harmful to human health. In such a context, plant-based natural antioxidants proved to be an excellent alternative. The valorization of SCG as a natural antioxidant may represent a cost-effective and sustainable approach for the food industry. The addition of used coffee grounds to refined sunflower oil could enhance its shelf-life, offering a potential alternative to synthetic antioxidants. This may also help to reduce the quantity of coffee waste produced, promoting a circular economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of mono-varietal virgin olive oils obtained from Turkish National Germplasm Bank according to fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory properties","authors":"Berna Yıldırım,&nbsp;Onur Özdikicierler,&nbsp;Fahri Yemişçioğlu","doi":"10.1002/ejlt.202300073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ejlt.202300073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mono-varietal virgin olive oils were obtained from <i>Olea europaea</i> L. olives grown in the National Olive Germplasm Bank in the same agronomic conditions for two harvesting years. Samples were characterized according to fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory attributes, and varieties were compared using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. Odor activity values (OAVs) of the volatiles were calculated to discuss relationships between individual sensory properties and volatiles. Although most of the samples overlapped on the score plots, some samples were located away from the others. The sample groupings on the dendrogram plotted using Ward's linkage were generally suitable with PCA results. Ethanol had a negative correlation with 9 out of 14 pleasant attributes. According to OAVs, <i>trans</i>-2-hexenal content had the most important effect on sensory attributes and positively correlated with flower odor, whereas hexenal content contributed to sweet attributes. Similarly, the effect of 1-hexanol content strengthened the flower attribute but weakened the bitter taste. These findings were also confirmed by separating some varieties rich in those volatiles on the PCA bi-plot of sensory attributes. Samples were grouped on a dendrogram in accordance with total ester and total C3, C5, and C6 acid contents.</p><p><i>Practical Application</i>: Most olive production in Turkey is based on a few varieties, whereas 95 different endemic varieties were registered by Turkish National Germplasm Bank. This study provides information on the volatile composition, sensory profile, and fatty acid composition of virgin olive oils produced from some rare varieties with high oil content. Moreover, relationships and correlations between individual volatiles and sensory attributes were evaluated, and the main differences in fatty acid composition, volatile profile, and sensory attributes of these Turkish virgin olive oils and those produced from well-known varieties from major producing countries were compared. Thus, data on the main characteristics of extra virgin olive oils produced from Turkish olives were provided to the literature, these varieties were promoted internationally, and their cultivation was encouraged.</p>","PeriodicalId":11988,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology","volume":"126 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}