European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids最新文献

{"title":"Flow over airfoil model covered by bio-inspired herringbone riblets","authors":"Haoxiang He,&nbsp;Honglei Bai,&nbsp;Shixiong Zhang,&nbsp;Zan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flight feathers of birds are featured by the typical herringbone pattern, which is consisted of a central shaft and divergent barbs on both sides. In this work, bio-inspired herringbone riblets are embedded into the suction side of a NACA0012 airfoil model, with an attempt to explore their roles on the flow and fluid force. Experiments are conducted in a water tunnel at a Reynolds number of <em>Re</em> = 2 × 10⁵, based on incoming freestream velocity and airfoil cord length <em>c</em>. While the lift and drag forces of the airfoil model are measured by a load cell, flow fields over the suction side of the airfoil model are captured by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. The herringbone-ribbed suction side of the airfoil model is defined by the divergent angle <em>β</em> (= 60°) of the riblets, the spanwise wavelength <em>λ</em> (= 0.2<em>c</em> and 0.4<em>c</em>) of the repeating herringbone pattern, as well as the riblet height <em>h</em> (= 0.6 %<em>c</em> and 1.2 %<em>c</em>). Results from the force measurements reveal that the airfoil models with the herringbone-ribbed suction side outperform their smooth counterparts and the baseline NACA0012 model, with the stall being significantly postponed from 10° to over 16° while the maximum time-mean lift coefficient being remained nearly unaffected. This is attributed to the transition from laminar to turbulent boundary layers, thus associated with substantially suppressed flow separation, over the airfoil models with the bio-inspired riblets being covered on the suction side. On the other hand, it is observed that the time-mean lift coefficient is considerably reduced whilst the drag coefficient is marginally increased at the angle of attack <em>α</em> &lt; 12° for the airfoil models with the bio-inspired riblets being covered on the suction side, compared with those of their smooth counterparts and the baseline NACA0012 model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 204365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145106557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How safe are magnetic fields in enhancing drug delivery in ocular treatment? Hydrodynamic aspects","authors":"Deepak Kumar,&nbsp;Subramaniam Pushpavanam","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous humor dynamics is responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure, ocular health and targeted drug delivery within the eye. This study investigates the flow of AH within the anterior chamber under the combined influence of a uniform magnetic field and natural convection. Different orientations of the magnetic field and temperature gradient are considered. A lubrication approximation is employed and the resulting equations are solved using regular perturbation method. The analytical solutions are validated using numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2^{protect relax special {t4ht=®}}. In the standing position, AH flow field is characterized by a single vortex, while in the supine position, it forms two counter-rotating vortices. The velocity is found to be higher in standing position. The effect of a uniform magnetic field on the velocity is more significant in the supine position. The magnetic field does not change the flow field qualitatively as buoyancy is the primary driving force. In the standing position a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the eye resulted in a greatest reduction of AH velocity, as compared to a magnetic field along the eye. The use of magnetic fields is being considered as a disruptive technology in ocular treatment. This study establishes that magnetic fields provide a holistic approach for targeted drug delivery in ocular treatment. They can be used without fear of any risks as the flow patterns in AH are not qualitatively modified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 204345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of mixed convection in a nanofluid-filled cavity with inner hot permeable block: A two-phase MRT-LBM approach","authors":"Dhrubajyoti Kashyap","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the intricate dynamics of a mixed convection phenomenon in a cavity filled with nanofluid while employing a novel approach based on the two-phase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with multiple-relaxation-time (MRT). The introduction of a permeable hot square block with blockage ratios (<em>BR</em>) of 0.25 and 0.5 further augmenting the complexity of the phenomena. The current research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the two-phase MRT-LBM approach in analyzing the slip mechanisms of nanofluids and drag forces within porous media, while making rigorous validation against established experimental and numerical benchmarks. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted by varying the nanoparticle concentration of Al₂O₃/water nanofluid (<span><math><mrow><mi>φ</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, Richardson numbers (0.1<span><math><mrow><mo>≤</mo><mi>Ri</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></math></span>), and permeability of the inner block (10⁻² <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> <em>Da</em> <span><math><mo>≤</mo></math></span> 10⁻⁶) to assess their impact on flow structure, thermal field, and entropy distribution. The results demonstrate that increasing <span><math><mi>φ</mi></math></span> enhances thermal conductivity and improves heat transfer, while simultaneously increasing viscous dissipation and entropy generation. Permeability plays a crucial role in governing flow penetration and heat transfer performance, transitioning the system from conduction- to convection-dominated regimes. The blockage ratio critically impacts performance: at low <em>Ri</em>, <em>BR</em> = 0.5 boosts heat transfer through enhanced shear and localized thermal gradients, whereas at high <em>Ri</em>, <em>BR</em> = 0.25 improves efficiency by minimising flow resistance and promoting smoother circulation. The outcome of this research sheds light on the interactions between the permeable block, nanofluid, and mixed convection effects and reveals that nanofluid usage can be thermodynamically advantageous under optimised flow conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of water waves with an array of permeable horizontal submerged cylinders","authors":"Ataollah Gharechae,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Negahdari,&nbsp;Mehdi Rezapour","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the hydrodynamic interaction of water waves with arrays of submerged horizontal permeable cylinders using Darcy's law and linear wave theory. A semi-analytical model, based on the eigenfunction expansion method, is developed to investigate wave attenuation, added mass, and damping coefficients. The developed model is validated against results from the existing literature. The analysis investigates the effects of permeability, submergence depth, and wave characteristics — including the dimensionless wavenumber (<span><math><mi>Ka</mi></math></span>, where <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span> is the wavenumber, and <span><math><mi>a</mi></math></span> denotes the cylinder radius) and porosity parameter (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). The findings demonstrate that wave attenuation is most effective at moderate permeability (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span>) and wavenumbers in the range <span><math><mrow><mi>Ka</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></math></span> to 0.5, achieving energy dissipation levels of approximately 20 %. At higher permeability (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></math></span>), wave attenuation and damping coefficients approach zero, as the cylinders behave almost as if they were absent. The added mass decreases with increasing permeability and becomes nearly constant for <span><math><mrow><mi>Ka</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>. Notably, damping coefficients for intact cylinders are generally higher than those of permeable cylinders near the free surface, except at <span><math><mrow><mi>Ka</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span>, where minimum damping occurs. These findings offer valuable guidance for optimizing the design of permeable marine structures, including wave dissipators, aquaculture systems, and offshore infrastructure, by tailoring permeability and geometry for enhanced performance and durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144912932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Db-PINN model in predicting hydraulic jump flow fields under different Froude numbers","authors":"Ziyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Shenglong Gu ,&nbsp;Hang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a hybrid model driven by both data and physics, termed Double-branched Physics-Informed Neural Network (Db-PINN), which enhances the synergy between data-driven and physical mechanisms methods, effectively improving the accuracy of predicting the hydraulic jump flow field and energy dissipation rate. The core architecture of the model is based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), which extract detailed features of the hydraulic jump flow field. In combination with a branch network, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are used to compute the residuals of partial differential equations, ensuring adherence to physical laws. Additionally, considering hardware resource constraints, the Db-PINN model incorporates a mini-batch algorithm to reduce dependence on GPU memory size, thus meeting the model’s need to process large-scale datasets. When compared to numerical simulation results, the model demonstrates high accuracy and generalization capability in predicting the velocity distribution and turbulence characteristics of the hydraulic jump flow field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 204352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a splitter plate on a wingsail for aerodynamic lift enhancement","authors":"Xiao Song ,&nbsp;Yuezhang Xia ,&nbsp;Peiliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the aerodynamic effects of a rigid splitter plate mounted on a two-element wingsail at a chord Reynolds number of <span><math><mrow><mn>1.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The splitter plate, serving as a flow control device, is specifically designed for a wingsail operating at an angle of attack of <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span> with a flap deflection of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>°</mo></mrow></math></span>, aiming to reduce the no-sail zone of autonomous sailboats. Two-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (2D URANS) simulations are conducted to evaluate the effects of splitter plate length (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) and attachment position (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) on aerodynamic performance. Results show that the splitter plate can improve the lift-to-drag ratio by up to 39 % when <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.1</mn></mrow></math></span>. For shorter splitter plates (<span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>0.04</mn></mrow></math></span>), the recirculation region over the suction side is suppressed, thereby weakening the lifting vortex and reducing the lift coefficient. As <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> increases, the vortex upstream of the splitter plate grows in both size and strength and intrudes into the recirculation region. Consequently, the lifting vortex is intensified due to its interactions with the vortex upstream of the splitter plate and the shear layer above the wingsail. Furthermore, the lifting vortex is displaced closer to the upper surface of the wingsail due to the limited space between the shear layer and the suction surface, resulting in an increase in the lift coefficient. This article uncovers the mechanisms through which the splitter plate enhances lift and demonstrates the feasibility of employing it as a passive flow control strategy to improve aerodynamic performance under specific sail missions and operating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144921776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curvature-based energy spectra revealing flow regime changes in Rayleigh–Bénard convection","authors":"Michael Mommert ,&nbsp;Philipp Bahavar ,&nbsp;Robin Barta ,&nbsp;Christian Bauer ,&nbsp;Marie-Christine Volk ,&nbsp;Claus Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use the local curvature derived from velocity vector fields or particle tracks as a surrogate for structure size to compute curvature-based energy spectra. An application to homogeneous isotropic turbulence shows that these spectra replicate certain features of classical energy spectra such as the slope of the inertial range extending towards the equivalent curvature of the Taylor microscale. As this curvature-based analysis framework is sampling based, it also allows further statistical analyses of the time evolution of the kinetic energies and curvatures considered. The main findings of these analyses are that the slope for the inertial range also appears as a salient point in the probability density distribution of the angle of the vector comprising the two time evolution components. This density distribution further exhibits changing features of its shape depending on the Rayleigh number. This Rayleigh number evolution allows to observe a change in the flow regime between the Rayleigh numbers <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. Insight into this regime change is gathered by conditionally sampling the salient time evolution behaviours and projecting them back into physical space. Concretely, the regime change is manifested by a change in the spatial distribution for the different time evolution behaviours. Finally, we show that this analysis can be applied to measured Lagrangian particle tracks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-hydrostatic shallow flow model of particle tracking in basin with various bathymetry","authors":"Mohammad Reza Jalali ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahdi Jalali","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present paper, Green-Naghdi (GN) model is applied to investigate the movement of particles in a basin with flat and non-flat bathymetry. Two numerical discretisation, second-order central difference and fourth-order central difference, are used as numerical solvers of GN model. The developed GN model is verified against the analytical solution of the linearised shallow water equations by using benchmark test of free surface sloshing of an initial Gaussian hump in a closed square basin. Then, the flow fields of evolution of sloshing motion of Gaussian hump are used to perform Lagrangian particle tracking. Four scenarios of particle tracking are studied for a basin with flat and non-flat bathymetry. First, is the case of flat-bed basin. Second, is where the bed topography of basin contains rocky hump in its centre. Third, is where the bed topography of basin contains rocky trough in its centre and in the fourth case bed topography of basin containing rocky hump in its corner is studied. Particle positions are predicted for each scenario and are compared with each other. The developed model shows remarkable capability to correctly predict the positions of particles of all scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulation of a circular cylinder mounted with barchan dune-shaped vortex generators","authors":"Tao Wang,&nbsp;Hongyu Gao,&nbsp;Dahai Luo,&nbsp;Bingxiao Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the performance of barchan dune-shaped vortex generators (BDVGs) as a passive flow control device on a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 3900. Using large eddy simulations (LES), the flow field around the cylinder, with BDVGs mounted symmetrically on its upper and lower surfaces, is analyzed. Two geometric configurations of BDVGs—slender (type I) and stubby (type II)—are compared to assess their effects on drag and lift coefficients across varying installation heights. The results demonstrate that BDVGs effectively reduce both the drag coefficient and the amplitude of aerodynamic force fluctuations. Notably, type II BDVGs outperform type I, achieving a maximum drag reduction of 6.17 %. Furthermore, BDVGs decrease the maximum amplitude of lift coefficient oscillations to 35.37 % of that observed for a smooth cylinder. These findings underscore the potential of BDVGs as practical and efficient solutions for aerodynamic flow control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204347"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explicit approximation of the Colebrook-White formula based on the friction Reynolds number","authors":"Giovanni B. Ferreri","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several practical applications require a big number of pipes to be calculated a great many times in a short time. In such cases, an explicit formula for determination of the friction factor of the Darcy-Weisbach formula is advisable for noticeably shortening the computation time, with respect to a trial-and-error solution of the Colebrook-White (C-W) formula. In the present paper, unlike previous studies, an explicit formula is obtained based on the result by Colebrook himself that the deviation, here named <em>δ</em>, between the reciprocals of the square roots of the actual friction factor and that relating to a fully turbulent flow in the same pipe is a function of the friction Reynolds number only, <em>Re</em>*. To this aim, a criterion for better estimating the limit <em>Re</em>* value up to which a transitional regime can occur is also given, a limit value that can differ very much from the usual value 70. The explicit formula was achieved by processing a dataset, consisting of a big number of dyads (<em>Re</em>*, <em>δ</em>) generated over a wide range of relative roughnesses and, for each of the latter, over the <em>Re</em>* range where a transitional regime can occur, the latter range reaching the “new” limits for transitional flow as assumed here. The simple formula gives acceptable accuracy for practical engineering purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 204349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}