{"title":"How safe are magnetic fields in enhancing drug delivery in ocular treatment? Hydrodynamic aspects","authors":"Deepak Kumar, Subramaniam Pushpavanam","doi":"10.1016/j.euromechflu.2025.204345","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aqueous humor dynamics is responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure, ocular health and targeted drug delivery within the eye. This study investigates the flow of AH within the anterior chamber under the combined influence of a uniform magnetic field and natural convection. Different orientations of the magnetic field and temperature gradient are considered. A lubrication approximation is employed and the resulting equations are solved using regular perturbation method. The analytical solutions are validated using numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2<sup>\\protect \\relax \\special {t4ht=®}</sup>. In the standing position, AH flow field is characterized by a single vortex, while in the supine position, it forms two counter-rotating vortices. The velocity is found to be higher in standing position. The effect of a uniform magnetic field on the velocity is more significant in the supine position. The magnetic field does not change the flow field qualitatively as buoyancy is the primary driving force. In the standing position a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the eye resulted in a greatest reduction of AH velocity, as compared to a magnetic field along the eye. The use of magnetic fields is being considered as a disruptive technology in ocular treatment. This study establishes that magnetic fields provide a holistic approach for targeted drug delivery in ocular treatment. They can be used without fear of any risks as the flow patterns in AH are not qualitatively modified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11985,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 204345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Mechanics B-fluids","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0997754625001268","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MECHANICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Aqueous humor dynamics is responsible for maintaining intraocular pressure, ocular health and targeted drug delivery within the eye. This study investigates the flow of AH within the anterior chamber under the combined influence of a uniform magnetic field and natural convection. Different orientations of the magnetic field and temperature gradient are considered. A lubrication approximation is employed and the resulting equations are solved using regular perturbation method. The analytical solutions are validated using numerical simulations performed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2\protect \relax \special {t4ht=®}. In the standing position, AH flow field is characterized by a single vortex, while in the supine position, it forms two counter-rotating vortices. The velocity is found to be higher in standing position. The effect of a uniform magnetic field on the velocity is more significant in the supine position. The magnetic field does not change the flow field qualitatively as buoyancy is the primary driving force. In the standing position a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the eye resulted in a greatest reduction of AH velocity, as compared to a magnetic field along the eye. The use of magnetic fields is being considered as a disruptive technology in ocular treatment. This study establishes that magnetic fields provide a holistic approach for targeted drug delivery in ocular treatment. They can be used without fear of any risks as the flow patterns in AH are not qualitatively modified.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids publishes papers in all fields of fluid mechanics. Although investigations in well-established areas are within the scope of the journal, recent developments and innovative ideas are particularly welcome. Theoretical, computational and experimental papers are equally welcome. Mathematical methods, be they deterministic or stochastic, analytical or numerical, will be accepted provided they serve to clarify some identifiable problems in fluid mechanics, and provided the significance of results is explained. Similarly, experimental papers must add physical insight in to the understanding of fluid mechanics.