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A drainage wind flow model. 一个排水风流模型。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435820
E M Macomber, J O Ledbetter
{"title":"A drainage wind flow model.","authors":"E M Macomber,&nbsp;J O Ledbetter","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method of predetermining drainage wind velocities is derived in the form of an incremental velocity model. The model requires the topographical data and a general description of surface roughness. Using these fixed inputs with the model yields velocity factors. Velocity factors are determined as a function of height above the terrain and elapsed time since the occurrence of the maximum surface temperature. The velocity factors multiplied by a cooling factor give velocities. Time or space mean velocity may be found by summation techniques. By computing velocity factors for several points within an area of concern, one can determine drainage flow patterns and pollutant movements for any given night.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 3","pages":"177-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12389140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A modified procedure for the determination of nitrate in sediments and some natural waters. 测定沉积物和某些天然水体中硝酸盐的改进方法。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437457
B K Afghan, J F Ryan
{"title":"A modified procedure for the determination of nitrate in sediments and some natural waters.","authors":"B K Afghan,&nbsp;J F Ryan","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes a modified procedure for the determination of nitrate in sediments and some natural water samples. In the Water Quality Branch Laboratories where large numbers of samples are regularly analysed, it was found that existing methods1,4 do not give precise and accurate results particularly when applied to sediment samples and some natural waters. The reasons for such inaccuracies have sebsequently been found and a method for removal of such interfering substances have been devised. The proposed method essentially consist of two steps. In the first step the interfering substances such as sulfide and humic acid substances are removed by precipitation with copper. The resultant solution is then analysed by a colorimetric approach utilizing cadmium fillings as the reducing agent to reduce nitrate to nitrite, and analyse the resultant nitrite with sulfanilamide, and naphtylene diamine. The smallest amount of nitrate that can be detected with certainty is approximately 10 mug-at N/Kg and 50 mug/ at N/Kg in water and sediments respectively. The figures for sediments are based on dissolving 20 gms. of sediment, dry weight, in 100 ml volume. The proposed method has been tested on a wide variety of natural water samples, sediments, clays and sands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12360535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Emission control of gas effluents from geothermal power plants. 地热发电厂废气排放控制。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437427
R C Axtmann
{"title":"Emission control of gas effluents from geothermal power plants.","authors":"R C Axtmann","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geothermal steam at the world's five largest power plants contains from 0.15 to 30% noncondensable gases including CO(2), H(2)S, H(2), CH(4), N(2), H(3)BO(3), and NH(3). At four of the plants the gases are first separated from the steam and then discharged to the environment; at the fifth, the noncondensables exhaust directly to the atmosphere along with spent steam. Some CO(2) and sulfur emission rates rival those from fossil-fueled plants on a per megawatt-day basis. The ammonia and boron effluents can interfere with animal and plant life. The effects of sulfur (which emerges as H(2)S but may oxidize to SO(2)) on either ambient air quality or longterm human health are largely unknown. Most geothermal turbines are equipped with direct contact condensers which complicate emission control because they provide two or more pathways for the effluents to reach the environment. Use of direct contact condensers could permit efficient emission control if coupled to processes that produce saleable quantities of purified carbon dioxide and elemental sulfur.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 2","pages":"135-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12310760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Adsorpition of tryptophan onto calcum carbonate surface. 色氨酸在碳酸钙表面的吸附。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437452
C P Huang
{"title":"Adsorpition of tryptophan onto calcum carbonate surface.","authors":"C P Huang","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adsorption of tryptophan onto CaCO3 at constant ionic strength (0.05 M Nacl) and from dilute aqueous solution (10(-4) M to 10(-3) M tryptophan) is reported. Adsorption was primarily determined by the charge characteristics of both the adsorbate amino acid and adsorbent CaCO3. When both adsorbate and adsorbent are semicharged, tryptophan ions are expelled away from the CaCO3-solution interface. Tryptophan is only removed by CaCO3 in a narrow pH range, 6.0 greater than pH less than 8.5 within which CaCO3 has positive charges, and tryptophan is negatively charged. The pH of zero point of charge, pHzpc, of CaCO3 was also determined by alkalimetric tritration and coagulation techniques and a value of 9.50 +/- 0.5 was found. These preliminary finding demonstrate primarily that interfacial chemical reactions play an important role in the temporal and spatial transformation of dissolved organic matter in natural water systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11455753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Boundaries of ERTS and aircraft data within which useful water quality information can be obtained. ERTS和飞机数据的边界，在此范围内可获得有用的水质资料。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437350
W G Egan
{"title":"Boundaries of ERTS and aircraft data within which useful water quality information can be obtained.","authors":"W G Egan","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437350","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ground calibration procedures are described and applied to ERTS-1 imagery, multicolor, true color, and false color photography. These procedures permit quantitative establishment of color levels, the elimination of nonlinearities and permit atmospheric effects to be subtracted. The results indicate that the ERTS-1 and photographic imagery are correlated with in situ measurements of the harbor water in the Charlotte Amalie Harbor, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"95-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Editorial: The fuel crisis. 社论:燃料危机。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437347
J W Robinson
{"title":"Editorial: The fuel crisis.","authors":"J W Robinson","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437347","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide. 对微量一氧化碳的分析。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437355
A Shilman
{"title":"The analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide.","authors":"A Shilman","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437355","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Carbon monoxide in amounts of 1×10-10 -5×10-9 moles have been analyzed for by means of a specially constructed gas chromatograph employing a suitable sampler, molecular sieve column and a glow discharge detector. The importance in pollution studies of an efficacious method of analysis for carbon monoxide is obvious. Gas chromatography is suitable for the analysis of small amounts of volatile substances. However, the analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide by this method is difficult. The commercially available ionization detectors do not respond well to it, while the thermal conductivity one is not sensitive enough. We have encountered this problem in the analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide in the presence of excess of ketones and alcohols, and have constructed a special apparatus for that purpose. The apparatus consisted of two main parts 1) a sampler, into which the contents of the mixture were transferred and diluted with nitrogen to one atmosphere, and 1–5 cc samples were withdr...","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"149-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A proposed structure of an aluminum-prosphate species of importance in wastewater treatment. 提出了一种在废水处理中具有重要意义的富铝物质的结构。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437353
B H Chen, P H King, C W Randall
{"title":"A proposed structure of an aluminum-prosphate species of importance in wastewater treatment.","authors":"B H Chen,&nbsp;P H King,&nbsp;C W Randall","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437353","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A laboratory study was conducted to determine the nature of the hydroxy-aluminum phosphate species present in wastewater treatment processes employing aluminum salts for the removal of phosphorus. At pH 5.0 the aluminum to phosphate molar ratio for optimum phosphorus removal was 1.44. Although several species may be formed, the chemical formula determined for the principal complex proposed by the authors is Al13 (OH)30 (H2PO4)9 · 18H2O. A postulated structure for this precipitate is presented.","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"129-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Methylmercuric complexes in aquatic systems. 水生系统中的甲基汞络合物。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437352
R G Zepp, G L Baughman, N L Wolfe, D M Cline
{"title":"Methylmercuric complexes in aquatic systems.","authors":"R G Zepp,&nbsp;G L Baughman,&nbsp;N L Wolfe,&nbsp;D M Cline","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Equilibrium calculations indicate that methylmercuric ion is almost completely complexed under conditions that exist in fresh waters. Sulfur-bonded complexes, CH3HgS−, (CH3Hg)2S, and CH3HgSR, are likely to be the predominant forms of methylmercury in fresh natural waters. With no reduced sulfur species or sulfhydryl-containing organics present, methyl-mercuric hydroxide or methylmercuric chloride would predominate. Common chemical species such as orthophosphate, ammonia, phenolic groups, and protein amino groups have little effect upon complexation of methylmercury.","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"117-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
The economic effects of the 1971 Florida red tide and the damage it presages for future occurrences. 1971年佛罗里达赤潮的经济影响及其对未来灾害的预示。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1974-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307409437354
E J Habas, C K Gilbert
{"title":"The economic effects of the 1971 Florida red tide and the damage it presages for future occurrences.","authors":"E J Habas,&nbsp;C K Gilbert","doi":"10.1080/00139307409437354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307409437354","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A conservative estimate places the economic damage at $20,000,000 from the effects of the 1971 Red Tide on the seven afflicted counties which border the west coast of Florida. A future Red Tide of equal severity could cause up to 40% more economic damage. One of greater severity could easily triple the damage.","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"6 2","pages":"139-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1974-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307409437354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15913444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
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