Environmental letters最新文献

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The use of activable tracers in the evaluation of the performance of wastewater treatment plants. 活性示踪剂在污水处理厂性能评价中的应用。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435858
T F Craft, G G Eichholz
{"title":"The use of activable tracers in the evaluation of the performance of wastewater treatment plants.","authors":"T F Craft,&nbsp;G G Eichholz","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of stable, activable tracers has been studied in applications to establish the performance of waste treatment plants and detect causes of irregular or improper functioning of individual plant processes. Various soluble tracers were evaluated, among them indium, scandium, and bromine. The inert tracers were compared with dye tracers and were found to be superior in turbid liquids and to give more quantitative information. On the other hand dye tracers are more convenient for rapid visible indication of their arrival whereas activable tracers require collection and removal to a neutron source, such as a reactor, for indication. Activable tracers are relatively simple to apply and the cost per test is reasonable.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"307-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12369045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ozone decay in irradiated smog chambers. 辐照雾霾室中的臭氧衰变。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435828
M C Dodge, T A Hecht
{"title":"Ozone decay in irradiated smog chambers.","authors":"M C Dodge,&nbsp;T A Hecht","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies conducted in smog chambers show that ozone disappears significantly faster under irradiation than in the dark. A computer simulation was made to determine the cause for this accelerated O3 decay. It was found that the phenomenon can be explained by a series of chemical reactions involving O3, O1D, H2O, OH, HO2, and ultraviolet light.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 3","pages":"257-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435828","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12389022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Electron capture gas chromatographic methodology for the quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls: survey and compromise. 多氯联苯定量的电子捕获气相色谱方法:调查和妥协。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437423
A S Chau, R C Sampson
{"title":"Electron capture gas chromatographic methodology for the quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls: survey and compromise.","authors":"A S Chau,&nbsp;R C Sampson","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A uniform approach to quantitation of environmental PCB residues was sought. There exists a requirement for a reasonable compromise between accurate analysis and the ability to handle large numbers of samples. An international survey of electron-capture gas chromatographic methods utilized by laboratories currently analyzing for PCB was conducted from the Canada Centre for Inland Waters. Subsequent evaluation of the methods received has led to adoption of a uniform basic procedure which fulfils the objectives and demonstrates a wide general applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"8 2","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11992522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Confirmation of pesticide residue identity: part IX. Organophosphorus pesticides. 农药残留鉴定的确认:第九部分。有机磷农药。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435824
J A Coburn, A S Chau
{"title":"Confirmation of pesticide residue identity: part IX. Organophosphorus pesticides.","authors":"J A Coburn,&nbsp;A S Chau","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes a confirmation procedure for residue levels of dyfonate, dichlorofenthion and cyanox. After extraction and quantitation by flame photometric detector (FPD)-gas liquid chromatography (GLC), the organophosphorus pesticides are hydrolyzed in a 10% methanolic-potassium hydroxide solution. The phenolic hydrolysis products are then extracted from this solution and reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide to produce the pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) ether derivatives. These PFB ethers are subsequently cleaned-up and fractionated on a silica gel micro-column and analyzed by electron capture (EC)- GLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 3","pages":"225-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"11277015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Charged aerosol particles and air pollution. 带电气溶胶粒子与空气污染。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435808
J R Brock, W H Marlow
{"title":"Charged aerosol particles and air pollution.","authors":"J R Brock,&nbsp;W H Marlow","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Possible environmental effects and the importance of charged aerosol particles are examined. Some calculations of the evolution of the charge distribution of the atmospheric aerosol are presented. Several possible environmental effects of particle charge are noted including effects on particle coagulation, dry deposition, and deposition in the lung. Finally some problems in aerosol charging are reviewed as they pertain to various technical operations in air pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12381180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Particle sizing of arc smokes by forward light scattering. 前向光散射法测定弧烟的粒径。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435809
P W Chan, O Apichatonon, C Y She
{"title":"Particle sizing of arc smokes by forward light scattering.","authors":"P W Chan,&nbsp;O Apichatonon,&nbsp;C Y She","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The polarization ratio method similar to that proposed by Kirker et al. has been applied to obtain size distribution for several types of metallic smoke particulates generated by a dc electric arc. Results are presented for carbon, tungsten and aluminum arc smokes. These results are compared with the average size of the particulates measured by the two-angle ratio method of Hodkinson and are found to be consistent and within experimental error. The optical system was calibrated with standard latex spheres in both cases. It is believed that the parameters of the arc smoke particulate systems should be useful for environmental particulate research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12381181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Poisonous red tide organisms. 有毒的红潮生物。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435851
E J Schantz
{"title":"Poisonous red tide organisms.","authors":"E J Schantz","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"225-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12413257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Lack of secondary intoxification by red tide poison in the American lobster Homarus americanus. 红潮毒素对美洲龙虾继发中毒的影响。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435853
C M Yentsch, W Balch
{"title":"Lack of secondary intoxification by red tide poison in the American lobster Homarus americanus.","authors":"C M Yentsch,&nbsp;W Balch","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lobsters are able to feed on shellfish which are toxic with PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning from Gonyaulax tamarensis) with no apparent harm to themselves, and no measurable assimilation of the poison into their tissues. Lobsters consumed food containing in excess of 1000 mug PSP. There was no impairment of respiration (oxygen consumption) measurable two to three hours after feeding, and no PSP measured in the meat of the claws and tail 48 to 120 hours after feeding. The only PSP was in the guts and contents which were measured 48 hours after feeding began.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 3","pages":"249-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435853","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12413259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Effects of polluted and non-polluted sediments on the growth of Gonyaulax tamarensis. 污染与未污染沉积物对塔玛菌生长的影响。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509437454
S Hanson, E S Gilfillan
{"title":"Effects of polluted and non-polluted sediments on the growth of Gonyaulax tamarensis.","authors":"S Hanson,&nbsp;E S Gilfillan","doi":"10.1080/00139307509437454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509437454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultures of Gonyaulax tamarensis were grown on Hastings medium based on 100%, 10%, 1%, 0.1% and 0% (control) of seawater elutrients of bottom sediments. Both \"clean\" and heavily polluted sediments were used. Very low concentrations of polluted elutrients (0.01% v/v) slightly enhanced the growth of Gonvaulax tamarensis; greater concentrations of polluted elutrient depressed growth. Elutrient from \"clean\" sediments did not enhance growth; the depression of growth at any given elutrient concentrate was not as great as that seen with the polluted elutrients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"9 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509437454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12413542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Droplet size of cooling tower fog. 冷却塔雾滴大小。
Environmental letters Pub Date : 1975-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00139307509435821
T Rothman, J O Ledbetter
{"title":"Droplet size of cooling tower fog.","authors":"T Rothman,&nbsp;J O Ledbetter","doi":"10.1080/00139307509435821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00139307509435821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fog from cooling towers causes problems of visibility and icing along roadways adjacent to the towers; moreover, the visible plume from the towers offers difficulty in that it is equated by much of the public with air pollution. It is desirable to know the size of the fog droplets in order to plan abatement procedures and to determine the airborne lifetimes of such fogs. The methodology involved capturing the droplets on slides coated with a vaseline-mineral oil mixture, making photomicrographs of the droplets, counting and sizing the droplets into eight droplet diameter increments; namely less than 5 mum, 5-10 mum, 10-20 mum, 20-40 mum, 40-60 mum, 60-80 mum, 80-100 mum, and greater than 100 mum. The resulting distribution was similar to that for natural fogs and clouds; i.e., it was bi-modal, the first mode at less than 5 mum containing the vast majority of the droplets, and the second at 20-40 mum. This study agrees with others that the size distribution of a fog in a saturated environment is continuously changing, with the smaller droplets tending to evaporate and the larger ones tending to grow, thus shifting the second mode toward larger sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11979,"journal":{"name":"Environmental letters","volume":"10 3","pages":"191-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00139307509435821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12417473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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