European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Mode of delivery predicts postpartum maternal leukocyte telomere length\" [Eur. J. Obstetr. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 300 (2024) 224-229].","authors":"Danielle M Panelli, Jonathan A Mayo, Ronald J Wong, Martin Becker, Dorien Feyaerts, Ivana Marić, Erica Wu, Ian H Gotlib, Brice Gaudillière, Nima Aghaeepour, Maurice L Druzin, David K Stevenson, Gary M Shaw, Katherine Bianco","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the effects of combined oral contraceptives and dienogest in women with endometriosis‑associated chronic pelvic pain","authors":"Salvatore Caruso ,&nbsp;Stefano Cianci ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Caruso ,&nbsp;Marco Iraci Sareri ,&nbsp;Ferdinando Antonio Gulino ,&nbsp;Marco Palumbo","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To compare the effects of five combined oral contraceptives (COCs) – ethinylestradiol (EE) 30 μg/dienogest (DNG) 2 mg, EE 20 μg/drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg, 17β-estradiol (E2) 1.5 mg/nomegestrol acetate (NomAc) 2.5 mg,estetrol (E4) 15 mg/DRSP 3 mg and estradiol valerate (E2V)/DNG – and DNG 2 mg daily in women with endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain (CPP), dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This study was performed from October 2018 to March 2023. A database was set up to collect data from women in each of the six treatment groups. The level of endometriotic pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Follow-up was performed at 3 and 6 months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The intragroup analysis showed an improvement in the VAS score from baseline to 6-month follow-up for each group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Intergroup analysis showed that women on COCs containing E2 or E4 had a greater improvement in CCP than women on COCs containing EE (at 3 months, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.001; at 6 months, <em>p</em> ≤ 0.009). Women on E4 15 mg/DRSP 3 mg showed a similar improvement to women on DNG at both 3- and 6-month follow-up, and greater improvement compared with women on COCs containing E2 at 6-month follow-up (<em>p</em> = 0.02). Greater improvement in dysmenorrhea and dyspareunia was seen in women on COCs containing E2 and E4, and DNG compared with women on COCs containing EE (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>COCs containing E2 or E4 could be a better treatment for women with endometriosis-associated pain than COCs containing EE. They may represent a suitable alternative to the use of DNG, particularly for women who do not want to become pregnant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Pages 10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Recombinant-Luteinzing hormone supplementation in women during IVF/ICSI cycles with GnRH-antagonist protocol: A systematic review and meta-analysis” [Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 283 (2023) 43–48]","authors":"Lan Hua ,&nbsp;Cong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Page 9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of perinatal mortality in early-onset fetal growth restriction: A post hoc analysis of the Dutch STRIDER trial to predict perinatal mortality in early-onset fetal growth restriction","authors":"Leah I. Prins ,&nbsp;Claartje M. Bruin ,&nbsp;Esmée M.N. Kornaat ,&nbsp;Anouk Pels ,&nbsp;Sanne J. Gordijn ,&nbsp;Christiana A. Naaktgeboren ,&nbsp;Wessel Ganzevoort","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Early-onset fetal growth restriction affects about 0.3% of pregnancies, posing high perinatal risks due to placental insufficiency. Early-onset fetal growth restriction often coincides with early-onset pre-eclampsia, associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Clinical management varies among clinicians, with emphasis on intensive monitoring and timely delivery. Our objective was to improve clinical prediction of perinatal mortality in early-onset fetal growth restriction for parental counseling.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This was a secondary analysis of prospective cohort data from the Dutch STRIDER trial. The study included 215 pregnant women diagnosed with severe early-onset fetal growth restriction between 20 + 0 and 29 + 6 weeks of gestation, from tertiary and secondary antenatal care centers in The Netherlands. Maternal and fetal characteristics were collected at inclusion, including sonographic and laboratory measurements. Analysis was performed using univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression to create a prediction model for perinatal mortality. The main outcome measures were fetal demise and neonatal mortality up to discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>215 Participants were included for this analysis. Perinatal mortality occurred in 84 (39 %) cases; 51 (24 %) were fetal and 33 (15 %) neonatal. Fetal abdominal circumference, gestational age at diagnosis, estimated fetal weight Multiple of Median, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow of the umbilical artery, umbilical artery pulsatility index Multiple of Median, non-Caucasian ethnicity, male sex, placental growth factor level and uterine artery pulsatility index were independent predictors of perinatal mortality. Randomization allocation (sildenafil or placebo) had no predictive value for mortality. The prediction model including gestational age at diagnosis, estimated fetal weight Multiple of Median and umbilical artery pulsatility index Multiple of Median showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.840 (P &lt; 0.01). Placental growth factor was measured in a subset of patients and was an independent prognostic factor and performed significantly better within the predictive model, however it did not improve the predictive value of the model.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Prediction of perinatal mortality in early-onset fetal growth restriction is feasible with commonly available tests and measurements and could support decision making in management of pregnancy. However, implementation in practice requires further studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Pages 23-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe uterine haemorrhagic complications from gestational trophoblastic neoplasia","authors":"M. Galea ,&nbsp;P. Descargues ,&nbsp;T. Hajri ,&nbsp;P. Rousset ,&nbsp;M. Devouassoux-Shisheboran ,&nbsp;A. Msika ,&nbsp;B. You ,&nbsp;F. Golfier ,&nbsp;P.A. Bolze","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are highly vascularized infiltrating lesions that can lead to severe haemorrhagic complications. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia who experienced uterine haemorrhagic complications, and their management.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This retrospective study analysed the histories of 2099 patients with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia registered at the French Reference Centre for Trophoblastic Disease between 1999 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 2099 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, 38 patients who experienced uterine haemorrhagic complications requiring interventional treatment were identified. Among them, 23 (61%) had a low-risk tumour and 15 (39%) had a high-risk tumour according to their International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics score. Twenty (53%) patients experienced haemoperitoneum and 18 (47%) patients experienced massive vaginal bleeding. Seventeen (45%) patients experienced uterine rupture. Haemorrhagic treatment consisted of surgery for 26 (70%) patients, exclusive uterine embolization for six (16%) patients, embolization followed by surgery for four (11%) patients, and embolization after failure to control bleeding by aspiration for one (3%) patient. Of the five deaths (13%), one (3%) was related to the uterine haemorrhagic complication. Three of 15 (20%) patients treated conservatively reported subsequent pregnancies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There are no established guidelines for managing severe uterine haemorrhagic complications. The availability of interventional radiology resources could allow for increased use of fertility-preserving procedures, with encouraging results regarding subsequent pregnancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Pages 30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal effect of breast cancer on endometrial cancer risk: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Yongwei Li ,&nbsp;Zhuoli Wang ,&nbsp;Yuan Guo ,&nbsp;Guochao Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Observational studies have indicated a higher incidence of endometrial cancer in individuals with breast cancer. However, to date, there is a dearth of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies that explore the causal relationship between breast cancer and the risk of endometrial cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>We conducted MR to investigate the causal relationship between breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk in European populations.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 112 valid instrumental variables (IVs) were included in the analysis. Our research has revealed a compelling causal association between genetic predisposition for breast cancer and an augmented likelihood of developing endometrial cancer (Inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, odds ratio (OR) = 1.105, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.025 to 1.181, <em>p</em> = 0.003; Weighted median method, OR = 1.109, 95 % CI: 1.020 to 1.205, <em>p</em> = 0.015; Weighted mode method, OR = 1.101, 95 % CI: 1.013 to 1.195, <em>p</em> = 0.025).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a causal association between breast cancer and endometrial cancer risk. Robust results were obtained through rigorous testing for heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Our findings indicate a causal effect of breast cancer on the risk of endometrial cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Pages 16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"We need to take a broader view of the function of the pelvic floor.","authors":"Bruno Bordoni","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified surelift anterior-apical transvaginal mesh for advanced urogenital prolapse: Retrospective surgical, functional and sonographic outcomes at 3 years","authors":"Tsia-Shu Lo ,&nbsp;Fazlin Harun ,&nbsp;Lan-Sin Jhang ,&nbsp;Wu-Chiao Hsieh ,&nbsp;Yiap Loong Tan ,&nbsp;Aisha Alzabedi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluates the outcomes of modified transvaginal mesh (TVM) Surelift in managing advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) over a 3-year follow-up period, focusing on surgical success, functional improvement, and sonographic findings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review was conducted on 99 women who underwent Surelift System surgery for advanced POP Stage III and IV between July 2018 to January 2020. Objective evaluation included Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q), multichannel urodynamic (UDS), and introital 2D ultrasonographic measurement. Subjective evaluation uses validated questionnaires of Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7(IIQ-7), Urogenital Distress Inventory-6(UDI-6), Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6(POPDI-6), Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory-8(CRADI-8) and Pelvic organ prolapse/ Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). Outcomes were examined at 3 months, yearly and at 3 years postoperative. Secondary outcome included de novo or persistent urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) and surgical complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-five women were included in the final analysis. At 3 years postoperative, the objective cure rate was 94.1 % and subjective cure rate of 91.8 %. Ultrasonography revealed initial mesh elongation and thickening at first year, resolving by the third year, while the distance between the bladder neck and mesh remained stable. Significant improvement in POP-Q components (Aa,Ba,C,Ap,Bp and TVL of p &lt; 0.001), UDS (p &lt; 0.001) and all validated Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires (p &lt; 0.001) were seen. De Novo USI and persistent USI occurred in 31.5 %. Complications included vaginal mesh exposure requiring excision in 4.7 % of patients, and one intraoperative bladder injury corrected promptly.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The Surelift System TVM demonstrates safety and efficacy in treating advanced anterior-apical POP, achieving high cure rates, secured mesh placement, and minimal complications at 3 years post-operative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142615534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictions of live birth in IVF programs of patients with recurrent implantation failure","authors":"Oleksandra Kozyra ,&nbsp;Mykhailo Medvediev ,&nbsp;Andrea Tinelli","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>When a high-quality embryo is implanted into the uterus, but the pregnancy is not established as shown by the ultrasound visualization of an intrauterine gestational sac, this is known as “implantation failure.” Cases when more than two times implantation failure occurred was defined as recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Additional testing is done at this stage of infertility treatment to avoid a repeat of the same result with a future in vitro fertilization (IVF) effort.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>The study aimed to evaluate predictive value of using embryo transfer personalization because of the implantation window study in combination with preimplantation genetic testing in patients with recurrent implantation attempts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied: Ninety-three infertile women make up the sample for this prospective cohort study. In regard to treatment results, the study intends to assess the predictive importance of patient characteristics, screening indicators, and several features of IVF cycles, such as the quantity, quality, and developmental stage of the transferred embryos. Statistical methods employed include the calculation of the median (Me) and interquartile range (IQR) for continuous variables. The Mann-Whitney <em>U</em> test was used to discern differences between unrelated samples, while categorical variables were presented as absolute and percentage values. The Pearson’s Chi-squared test assessed differences between groups. Logistic regression, utilizing both enter and backward Wald methods, was applied to establish associations with binary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The integration of individualized embryo transfer and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) significantly enhanced the likelihood of live births by 3.4 times in patients experiencing recurrent implantation failure (RIF), with a statistical significance of p = 0.026. In contrast, employing PGT alone increased the probability of live births by 1.5 times; however, this result was not statistically significant (p = 0.439). The predictive model for live birth in patients with RIF, based on our study findings, is defined as follows: the probability of live birth = 1.936 + [1.014 if PGT-A embryos are utilized for transfer] + [1.742 if endometrial preparation is tailored according to the Wellbeing Index (WI)] − [1.860 in cases of secondary infertility] − [1.891 when a male factor is involved].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The determination of the implantation window (IW) and PGT of the embryo are efficient methods of live birth achievement for patients with RIF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Pages 331-336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital vs formal teaching of vaginal breech delivery: Which is the residents’ choice?","authors":"Giovanna Salvani ,&nbsp;Barbara Matarrelli ,&nbsp;Federico Prefumo ,&nbsp;Maurizio Rosati ,&nbsp;Claudio Meloni ,&nbsp;Claudio Celentano","doi":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective(s)</h3><div>A critical area of obstetrics that demands proficient training is the management of breech deliveries. There was a notable decline in the number of vaginal breech deliveries in the following years, establishing CS as the preferred method of delivery for such cases. Cohort studies using targeted screening and skilled practitioners demonstrated little differences between the two delivery. Skills acquisition at the patient’s bedside is very difficult to obtain, particularly in the youngest trainees. Simulation teaching has largely become a part of the training curricula for many obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center study. Residents were randomly assigned in two groups with similar characteristics. Group A attended a formal lecture. Group B received the study material and recording of the lecture as digital home learning. Lecture and simulation focused on vaginal breech delivery. After one month both groups underwent a simulation test addressed to assist a vaginal breech birth. Four supervisors evaluated all videos. Time needed for birth, and evaluation scales as Objective Structured Clinical Examination were recorded. A questionnaire was completed online using Google Forms with 6 questions. The primary outcome was to compare the evaluation for each item and globally within groups. A secondary outcome was the evaluation of questionnaire results within the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-two participants were recruited and randomized. None of the participants withdrew from the study. For the primary outcome, all examined variables (Time, Rumping, Legs, Body, Arms, Head, Total Point) did not present differences in supervisors’ evaluations. For the secondary outcome, Group B showed higher values in two questions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion(s)</h3><div>The major finding of our study is that digital learning and formal lecture presented similar results on resident knowledge. Teaching programs involving mannequin simulation − both high and low fidelity − are reproducible and efficient for skill retain in obstetric emergencies, particularly in low incidence emergencies. The main limitation of our study was the small sample size. In addition, it is possible that a scenario without deviation or a lecture more focused on possible deviation from normal could modify residents’ results facing breech delivery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11975,"journal":{"name":"European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Pages 345-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142617448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}