Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment最新文献

{"title":"CONTINUOUS DEPENDENCE OF FIXED POINTS OF SOME PARTICULAR MAPS IN COMPLETE METRIC SPACE","authors":"K. Rauf, B. Y. Aiyetan, S. A. Aniki","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.140.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.140.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we prove the continuous dependence of fixed points in a complete metric space. We show that for function satisfying certain condition with iterative process is continuous and depend on parameter of the space. Results of the investigation revealed that Mann and Kranoselskij iteratives are satisfied with general contractive conditions.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF FERMENTATION ON SENSORY, NUTRITIONAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA (ZOBO) AND RAPHIA HOOKERI (RAFFIA) WINE","authors":"Onyeukwu B. Onyeka, Tonukari J. Nyerhovwo, Avwioroko J. Oghenetega, Aganbi Eferhire","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.134.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.134.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of fermentation on the nutritional, antioxidant and sensory properties of aqueous extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa (popularly called Zobo in Nigeria) and Raphia hookeri (raffia) wine mixed in various proportions: P100 - Z0, P80 -Z20, P60 -Z40, P40 -Z60, P20 -Z80 and P0 -Z100. Glucose, soluble protein, vitamin C content, antioxidant activity and sensory properties (colour and taste) were evaluated in fresh mixture preparations, and in formulations fermented at room temperature for 72 h (day 3).  Glucose was depleted significantly (p P80 -Z20 (95.90%) > P60 - Z40 (95.17%) > P0 - Z100 (90.94%) >P20 -Z80 (71.30%) > P40 -Z60 (66.42%).  Soluble protein concentration also decreased with fermentation, the highest and lowest % decrease was observed for the P100 - Z0 (25.97%) and P60 - Z40 (5.35%) respectively. The highest DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was detected in the P80 - Z20 (72.20%) mix.  Sensory evaluations confirmed the best combination was the P80-Z20 raffia wine/zobo extract mixture, this maintained an appealing red colour, sweetness of palm wine and the contributory antioxidant properties from zobo extracts optimized","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116406180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMPACT ANALYSIS OF SOIL CONDITION POLLUTED WITH OIL SPILLAGE IN OTUJEREMI, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"O. Ohwoghere-Asuma, E. AwetoK.","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.136.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.136.1","url":null,"abstract":"The implication of oil spillage is the degradation of land and water. Consequently, soil becomes infertile for farming and water un-potable for drinking. We investigated the impact of oil spillage on soil collected from depth of 150 cm. Soil affected and that not affected by crude oil spill from same geographical location were sampled and analyzed. Texturally, the soil is classified as fine, medium and coarse sandy and sandy loam. The sand fraction increased by 0.2% (86.174 to 86.414); silt by 53.5% (3.852 – 5.91) and clay decreased by 22.6% (9.916-7.672) when contaminated with petroleum. Physiochemical properties of pH(H20), pH(kcl), organic matter, organic carbon and nitrogen, exchangeable bases (Na+, K+, Mg+ and Ca3+), exchangeable acidity (Al3+, and H+), effective cation exchangeable capacity, phosphorus, heavy metals ( Pb3+, Fe2+, Ni+, V+, Cd3+, Cr3+ and Cu3+) were analyzed in the laboratory by standard methods and compared. The pH (H20) of the unaffected soil  increased by 5.17% (5.85 to.5.00); pH (kcl) by 4.25% (4.7 to 4.50); organic matter by 264.92%; organic carbon by 356.7% and organic nitrogen by 311.19% when contaminated with petroleum. Exchangeable bases increased in values (Na+ by 80.94%, K+ by 126%, and Ca3+ by 11.75%) except Mg, whose value  decreased by 65%;  ECEC by 35%; P by 67.1%; exchangeable acidity by 7.83%. Heavy metals were also released  into the soil upon contamination with petroleum; Pb2+ increased by 46% (1.4 to 2.044); Fe2+ by 25.96% (512.788 to 646.1); Ni+ by 19.11% (100.416 to 119.6);  V+ by 80.26% (3.86 to 6.658), Cd3+ by 55% (2.772 to 4.324) and Cr3+ by 47.98% (2.528 to 3.741). There was significant positive correlation between heavy metals and pHkcl, organic matter, carbon and nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121735106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE AND NICOTINE ON THE POPULATION AND DIVERSITY OF GUT BACTERIAL MICROBIOME OF ADULT WISTAR RATS","authors":"Ojezele Obaineh Matthew, E. D. Ayobola, A. Mercy, Potokiri Augustina","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.143.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.143.1","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nicotine and caffeine on the population and diversity of microbiome of the gut (large intestine) of adult Wister rats. Seventy-seven (77) adult Wistar rats weighing 150 to 200 g were randomly grouped into eleven (11) groups of seven rats each. Group 1 served as control, received water which was the vehicle (group 2 (caffeine 10 mg/kg), group 3 (caffeine 20 mg/kg), group 4 (nicotine from cigarette 170 mg/kg), group 5 (nicotine from cigarette 340 mg/kg), group 6 (nicotine from tobacco 170 mg/kg), group 7 (nicotine from tobacco 340mg/kg), group 8 (caffeine 10mg/kg and nicotine from cigarette 170 mg/kg), group 9 (caffeine 20 mg/kg and nicotine from cigarette 340 mg/kg), group 10 (caffeine 10 mg/kg and nicotine from tobacco 170 mg/kg), group 11 (caffeine 20 mg/kg and nicotine from 340 mg/kg)). The agents were administered each day, orally for 14 days. On the fifteenth day, chloroform anaesthetized animals were sacrificed after which the large intestine were harvested, homogenized and microbial populations cultured to assay for changes in population and diversity of the microbiome of the  gut (large intestine). Results obtained showed significant increase in the bacteria population of animals administered caffeine 20 mg/kg, nicotine from cigarette 170 mg/kg, nicotine from cigarette 340 mg/kg, nicotine from tobacco 170mg/kg, caffeine 20mg/kg and nicotine from cigarette 340 mg/kg, caffeine 10 mg/kg and nicotine from tobacco 170 mg/kg as compared with the control. Bacillus sp. was present in all groups except the groups administered caffeine 10mg/kg and nicotine from cigarette 170mg/kg. Pseudomonas sp. was only observed in the group administered caffeine 20mg/kg. Staphylococcus sp. however was present in the control but was absent in the group administered caffeine 10mg/kg and nicotine from cigarette 170mg/kg, and the group administered caffeine 20mg/kg and nicotine from tobacco 340mg/kg. This study has shown that nicotine and caffeine consumption can alter the population and diversity of microbial species in the gut. This may likely influence the general health status of the consumer. Further studies in this regard are recommended","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127645867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS DISTRIBUTION IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE THAMES ESTUARY, UK","authors":"Aganbi Eferhire","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.132.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.132.1","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment cores were collected from the Stanford-Le-Hope mudflats within 1 km distance from the Petroplus-Coryton BP and Shell Haven refineries located on the north shore of the Thames Estuary in Essex, 40 km east of Central London, UK (51 °30´N, 0 °27´E). The BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-, m-, and p-xylenes) in surface sediment samples were non-detectable within the linear calibration range of 0 – 50 mg l-1.  n-Alkanes (C11 - C40) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) quantified at different sediment depths (2 cm core portions up to a total depth of 18 cm) indicated a high distribution of n-alkanes in subsurface sediments at the 10 – 12 cm depth; up to an average concentration of 1353.4 µg g-1 dry weight. The highest summed PAH (∑PAH) concentration of 2.95 µg g-1 dry weight was also found at the 10 – 12 cm depth. Source identification based on the ratio of low-molecular weight (LMW) to high-molecular weight (HMW) n-alkanes and the pristane/phytane ratio (Pr/Phy) indicated n-alkane input from biogenic sources. Nevertheless, the dominance of C1-naphthalene among ∑PAH concentrations suggested possible input from petroleum-related sources.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115466383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF BODY WEIGHT AND BIOMETRIC TRAITS OF F1 CROSSBRED OF EXOTIC BROILERS X LOCAL CHICKENS","authors":"P. O. Akporhuarho, Omoikhoje S.O","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.137.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.137.1","url":null,"abstract":"Data on 228 F1 crossbred body weight and body measurement of birds were generated in south south Nigeria. The objective of the study was to define the body dimension of f1 cross bred chicks resulting from crosses of exotic broiler and local chickens. The biometric traits variables that contribute to body conformation by the use of principal component analysis were investigated. Variables measured include body weight, wing span, wing length, thigh length, shank length, kneel length and breast firth. Data were subjected to multivariate analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) 20 2007. The descriptive statistics observed that the mean body weight were 1913.33, 1338.29, 3399.63 and 3236.96g for male and female of main (Ex x Lc) and reciprocal crossbred chicks respectively. The reciprocal (Lc x Ex) crossbred chicks were significantly (P<0.05) superior to main (Ex x Lc) crossbred chicks in body weight and biometric traits. The coefficients of correlation range from -0.55 to 0.47 and -0.62 to 0.18 main crossbred male and female, while the reciprocal Lc x Ex range from -0.21 to 0.71 male and -0.12 to 0.39 female, respectively. The principal component analysis with variance maximizing orthogonal rotation was used to extract the components. Three principal components (PC) were extracted in the chickens explaining 62%and 54% main (Ex x Lc) crossbred, and 70 and 50% reciprocal (Lc x Ex) crossbred of the total variation in the original seven variables. The first principal component had the largest share of the total variance and correlated highly with knee length, wing span for main (Ex x Lc) crossbred male and the female body length. Only the reciprocal (Lc x Ex) PC1 loaded heavily on kneel length, wing length and thigh length male, while female was wing span only. Generally, PC1 out of all other PCs had the highest share of the total variance and it is regarded as generalized form of the birds. Prediction model based on principal component is more valid than the interdependent based models because it removed multicollinearity which might be present if interdependent variables are combined in a multiple regression model. This component could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of Nigerian normal feathered local chickens.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEDIMENTOLOGY AND PETROGRAPHY ATTRIBUTES OF OUTCROPPING SEDIMENTS OF COASTAL PLAIN SANDS FROM ABUDU AND ITS ENVIRONS, SOUTHERN NIGERIA","authors":"B. Overare, W. Ofuyah, J. Emudianughe, O. Omo-irabor, A. Asadu, O. E. Ominigbo","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.142.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.142.1","url":null,"abstract":"Relying on field and laboratory evidences, outcropping sediments at Abudu and its environs were studied for their sedimentological and petrographic attributes. Based on field and sedimentological evidences, two lithofacies, sandstone and claystone were identified in the study area. The claystone facies include two (2) sub-lithofacies of silty clay and sandy clay; while the sand facies include medium to coarse-grained friable sands and, fine to medium-grained sands. Particle size analysis shows sorting values ranging from 0.94 to 2.10 indicating moderately to poorly sorted; skewness values of -0.13 to 0.2 indicating near symmetrical to positively skewed and kurtosis values in the range of 0.77 to 1.34 suggestive of platykurtosis to leptokurtosis. The petrographic analysis reveals the major framework minerals to include quartz (76.9 to 97.5%), rock fragment (0 to 12.9%) and feldspar (0 to 15.4%) and mineral maturity index (MMI) range from 3.8 to 39.0. Poor to moderate porosity was inferred for the sediments. Using field evidences and scatter plots of Skewness versus sorting and mean versus sorting, a fluvial depositional setting was interpreted for the sediments. The sediments range from sub-mature to super-mature; subarkosic to quartz arenites and sediments have undergone intense chemical weathering and/or erosion as evident in the predominance of quartz over feldspar. A craton interior source with contributions from recycled orogen is suggested for the sediments of the study area.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115003065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS VERNONIA amygdalina (BITTER LEAF) EXTRACT ON THE LIPID PROFILE AND SOME HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN RATS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE","authors":"H. Kadiri","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.141.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.141.1","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty four rats were used for this study and they were divided into six groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2).  The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given diffeDespite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty rats were used for this study and they were divided into five groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2).  The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and trigly","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115063216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF BACKGROUND IONIZATION RADIATION (BIR) LEVELS IN SOME SELECTED FARMS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA","authors":"B. Oyibo, E. MokobiaC","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.129.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.129.1","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ background ionization radiation (BIR) level in 25 farms spread across the local government areas of Delta State, Nigeria was measured using a FOS 2011+ radiation metre, with reading accuracy of 0.001.  The precise positions of the locations were determined using a geographical positioning device (GPS). Results show that the BIR levels range from 0.008 – 0.014 mRh-1, with a mean of 0.009 ± 0.0004 mRh-1.  Three (12 %) of the studied farm lands have radiation levels higher than the 0.013 mRh-1recommended by the ICRP. The mean values of the radiation health parameters obtained are 7.19 mGyy-1, 3.78 mSvy-1 and 12.46 x 10-3 for dose rate, annual equivalent dose and excess life-time cancer risk, each of which is higher than the corresponding internationally recommended value of 1.0 mGy-1, 1. 0 mSvy-1 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively. It is suggested that there should be an immediate monitoring and regulatory action by the relevant radiation protection authorities.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124238288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THREE PESTICIDES ON AFRICAN CATFISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS)","authors":"A. Bridget, Osuji Leo, Onojake C. Mudiaga","doi":"10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.135.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5987/UJ-NJSE.17.135.1","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic effects of dragon (A), sniper, (B) and kartodim 315ec, (C) on test specimens (Clarias gariepinus) of average weight 56.4 ± 31.1 g and length 18.5 ± 3.50 cm were examined. These pesticides have pervaded the markets, and have become common items in farms, homes, and food storage houses, hence are indiscriminately employed, mostly by rural and urban farmers and sometimes members of the society. Thus, they are potential environmental contaminants, and pose threat to the wellbeing of man and animals especially aquatic organisms. To determine their impacts in the environment, their respective acute toxicity tests were carried out according to the static non-renewable bioassay procedure. The experimental design consisted of a set of five concentrations [100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L, and a control set up (0 mg/L) of pesticides A, B, and C (dragon, sniper, and kartodim 315ec respectively] with two extra replicate concentration and control for each set; in separate 30 L capacity calibrated rectangular tanks, each filled up to the 15 L mark. Each tank was distinctively labeled and loaded with 10 tests organism, making a total of 540-fish. The 96 h LC50 of pesticide B, (that is sniper) was found to be 27.0 mg/l.  The 96 h LC50 of A and C are less toxic as their respective 96 h LC50 was found to be 53.8 and 41.4 mg/l. The parameters considered include cumulative average value of operculum movement and tail beat frequency, and cumulative number of discoloration, erratic swimming, and mortality for each set of concentrations of the test substance: dragon, sniper, and kartodim 315ec respectively. The result shows that the lethal effect of the pesticides A, B, and C on the fish depends on concentration and duration of exposure to the substances as observation shows that the cumulative average number of discoloration, erratic swimming, and mortality increases with increasing concentration and exposure time, while the cumulative average of operculum movement and tail beat frequency decreases with increasing concentration and exposure time.","PeriodicalId":119603,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Science and Environment","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114361782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}