European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation最新文献

{"title":"Variation in survival of patients with digestive tract cancers in Europe, 1978-1989.","authors":"J. Faivre","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"International comparisons suggest important intercountry differences in survival of digestive cancers. The present study is concerned with variations in survival trends among European countries. The EUROCARE study is a European Union project to collect survival data from population-based cancer registries. We compared survival rates from 17 countries between 1985 and 1989 and investigated time trends in survival over the 1978 1989 period in 13 countries. Relative survival rates were computed using age-specific general population mortality rates to take into account the widely differing mortality backgrounds of participating countries. Mean European or regional survival rates were estimated as the weighted mean of 5-year survival rates in the corresponding countries. Five-year relative survival rates ranged from 3% to 14% for oesophageal cancer, 9% to 27% for gastric cancer, 26% to 54% for colon cancer and 25% to 54% for rectal cancer. In general, survival was lower in Eastern Europe, Denmark and the UK than in northern or continental Europe. Survival rates for digestive tract cancer increased in most European countries but most regional differences in survival persisted. The highest increase in survival rate was observed for large bowel cancers. The weighted European survival rate increased from 40% to 48% for colon cancer and 38% to 46% for rectal cancer. Improvements in survival were greater for Ž . older patients aged 65 99 at diagnosis . Differences in survival rates between the countries from northern and continental Europe decreased, particularly for colorectal cancer and partially for stomach cancer. The large geographical differences in survival rates for digestive tract cancers suggest differences in the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic facilities. The substantial improvement in survival suggests that cancers are being diagnosed earlier and that treatments are more effective but inter-country differences in survival rates have not decreased.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72717558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoscopic screening in the prevention of colorectal cancer.","authors":"U. Armbrecht","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200104000-00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200104000-00010","url":null,"abstract":"Guidelines and recommendations regarding screening investigations and surveillance to prevent death from colorectal cancer have been released by several national medical societies and the World Health Ž Organization Winawer et al., 1995, 1997; Schmiegel . et al., 2000 . These guidelines are based on available clinical and statistical information at the time they were set up by expert panels. The strength of evidence for the recommendations given varies. There is no direct evidence from large, randomized, prospective trials for the effectiveness of endoscopic screening to prevent death from colorectal cancer. In average-risk subjects several case control studies reveal a reduction in mortality from colorectal cancer by screening sigmoidŽ oscopies Selby et al., 1992; Newcomb et al., 1992; . Muller and Sonnenberg, 1995 . In individuals at increased risk for the development of colorectal cancer it has been shown that preventive endoscopies may reduce cancer incidence by early detection and removal of precancerous lesions. Moreover, Ž cancers may be detected at an earlier stage Winawer . et al., 1993a; Thiis-Evensen et al., 1999 . The prevalence of adenomas of the colon increases with age. Adenomatous polyps can be found in almost a quarter of the population at the age of Ž . 50 years Williams et al., 1982 . These adenomas account for the development of most cancers of the colon and rectum. Also cancer incidence increases steeply over the age of 50. In the western world about 100 new cases of colorectal cancer per 100 000 inhabitants per year can be expected in people at the age of 58 and 200 new cases in people at the age Ž . of 65 Winawer et al., 1997 . This is the basis of the recommendation to start endoscopic screening in average-risk subjects at age 50. More than half of all neoplastic lesions of the colon are confined to the distal part in the reach of the flexible sigmoidoscope. Sigmoidoscopy is a relatively inexpensive endoscopic procedure with simple bowel preparation, involving very little discomfort, inconvenience and risk for the patient. But, visualizing only about one-third of the colon, it leaves proximal polyps and cancers undetected. The chance of right-sided neoplastic polyps is one in three in patients with adenomas or carcinomas Ž . found at sigmoidoscopy Grossman et al., 1989 . Therefore, a total colonoscopy is often performed in these cases, both to rule out the presence of additional polyps more proximally and for removal of the lesions. The reduction in mortality from rectosigmoid cancer achieved by preventive sigmoidoscopies is estimated to be about 60 70%. In the most comprehensive investigation on this issue Selby and co-workers analysed data from the Kaiser Permanente Medical","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88552321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: is it cost-effective?","authors":"F. Farinati, S. Gianni","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200102000-00017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200102000-00017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74096244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current thoughts on the histopathogenesis of gastric cancer.","authors":"F. Carneiro, J. Machado, L. David, C. Reis, A. Nogueira, M. Sobrinho-Simões","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200102000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200102000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72946863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viruses and alcohol in the pathogenesis of primary hepatic carcinoma.","authors":"H. Inoue, H. Seitz","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200102000-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200102000-00016","url":null,"abstract":"Ž . Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC is one of the world’s most common cancers, causing almost one million deaths per year. A major risk factor for the development of HCC is liver cirrhosis. Epidemiological studies show that over 80% of HCCs worldwide Ž . occur in a cirrhotic liver Simonetti et al., 1997 . In some areas of Asia and Africa the incidence of HCC Ž . is up to 120 per 100 000 Muir et al., 1987 . In addition to cirrhosis of the liver, major risk factors Ž . for HCC are chronic hepatitis B virus HBV infection and chronic hepatitis C virus infection, as well as chronic consumption of alcohol. HCC in these patients occurs primarily in the accompanying cirrhosis. However, both viruses may also initiate HCC without cirrhosis. Other risk factors include aflatoxin B1 exposure and a variety of metabolic liver diseases Ž . Kountouras and Lygidakis, 2000 . The purpose of this review is briefly to discuss the link between HCV and HBV infection and HCC, some pathogenic aspects and also the role of alcohol in the development of HCC.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80017774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should we change our dietary advice on cancer prevention?","authors":"M. Hill, G. Davies, A. Giacosa","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200102000-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200102000-00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83048700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and prevention of bladder cancer.","authors":"E. Negri, C. Vecchia","doi":"10.1007/978-1-84628-377-2_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-377-2_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87232084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Painless dentistry.","authors":"L. Ovesen","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200110000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200110000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84181831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meat and nutrition, Hamburg: 17-18 October 2000.","authors":"M. Hill","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200012000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200012000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73410165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessments of physical activity and cancer risk.","authors":"I. Thune","doi":"10.1097/00008469-200012000-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200012000-00003","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of physical activity is one of the most important methodological issues in research into physical activity and cancer risk. A sedentary Western lifestyle has been observed to influence biological mechanisms promoting development of certain types of cancer. At present the totality of evidence supports a protective effect against cancers of the colon and probably the breast, while further data concerning carcinoma of other cancers are required. Thus, physical activity represents a powerful public health measure for reducing cancer risk. Studies of the association between physical activity and cancer risk have used a great variety of methods, but have most often included work and/or leisure time activity. Questionnaires are the method most often used and various components of physical activity such as type, frequency, intensity and lifetime physical activity have been recorded. However, the measurements used when assessing physical activity have been hampered by lack of accuracy as regards validity and reliability, missing information on the various components of physical activity and sparse information of lifetime exposure, and often no repeat assessments in cohort studies. Discrepancies between studies elaborating the association between physical activity and site-specific cancer risk may be explained through real differences or lack of information on the various components of physical activity (type, intensity, duration) and incomplete information about the cancer type studied (localization, histological type). The complicated nature of the variable physical activity, combined with incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of most cancer and lack of knowledge regarding possible biological mechanisms operating between physical activity and cancer, warrants further studies. In these studies methodological improvements in measuring physical activity, combined with inclusion of physiological markers (heart rate, energy balance, hormonal levels, etc.) reflecting the variety of physical activities performed are of particular interest. Assessing biomarkers and intermediate steps for site-specific cancer risk may give us further insight into the relation between physical activity and cancer that will be of enormous interest for public health recommendations.","PeriodicalId":11950,"journal":{"name":"European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82876798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}