Esculapio最新文献

{"title":"Pattern of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Dengue Virus Infection in Children","authors":"Shumaila Shahzeen, Khalid Mehmood Awan, Muhammad Azhar Farooq, Sidra Sonia Chaudhary, Mohsin Ali, Mehwish Ejaz","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519213","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to study pattern of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in children with dengue fever. Method: A prospective comparative analysis of 120 suspected febrile children was done at social security teaching hospital in Lahore from September to November 2021. The study participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were registered for further assessment. Clinical findings were logged, hematological and biochemical parameters tests were performed. Results: In this study, there were 56.66 % male participants and 43.33 % female participants. The most common clinical manifestation was fever (100%) followed by vomiting 85.4%, abdominal pain 68.75% and body pain / myalgia in 52.08% cases. Most frequent hematological parameter wasthrombocytopenia (93.75%) followed by leucopenia 70.83% and the elevated levels of liver transaminases were seen in 68.75% subjects. Conclusion: This study focuses on the patterns of laboratory parameters of pediatric dengue viral infections .This might prove helpful for the pediatricians to suspect, diagnose and manage the dengue virus infection.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Mean Change in Frequency of Stool with Zinc Supplementation versus Placebo in Children with Acute Diarrhoea","authors":"Mohammad Abbas, Zeemal Hayyat, Shazia Naz, Abeer Qadir, Hassan Abbas, Roshnak Azam, Muhammad Ali Khan","doi":"10.51273/esc23.251929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.251929","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of zinc supplementation in children with watery diarrhoea. The objective was to compare the mean change in frequency of stool with zinc supplementation versus placebo in children with acute diarrhoea in addition to standard treatment. METHOD: It was a randomized controlled trial conducted in Paediatric Department, Punjab Rangers Teaching Hospital, Lahore over 6 months. 68 children of both genders aged under 5 years who presented with acute diarrhoea were sub-divided into two equal groups; Group -A received oral zinc with standard management while those in Group-B received standard management alone. Frequency of stools was recorded after 72 hours, mean change calculated and then compared between the groups. RESULTS: Mean duration of acute diarrhoea was 3.81±1.56 days. Both the study groups were comparable in terms of mean frequency of stools at presentation (7.71±2.76 vs. 7.79±2.67; p-value=0.894). However, after 72 hours, the mean frequency of stools was significantly lower in children receiving additional zinc supplementation as compared to placebo (3.94±2.84 vs. 5.50±2.77; p-value=0.025). The mean change in the frequency of stools was significantly higher in the zinc group as compared to placebo group (3.76±0.89 vs. 2.29±0.63; p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study, zinc supplementation was found superior to conventional management of children presenting with acute diarrhoea evident from considerably greater reduction in the mean frequency of stools. The low cost, wide-spread availability and ease of administration advocate the preferred use of zinc in the management of such patients.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Craniocervical Posture and Vertical Face Pattern in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion","authors":"Saba Sikandar, Naseer Ahmad Chaudhry, Muhammad Imran Rahbar, Asim Riaz, Muhammad Mohsin Kamal, Farhan Ali","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519221","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the cervical inclination and craniocervical posture (CCP) in a sample of Class II Division 1 malocclusion with different vertical patterns among adult population in Lahore. Methods: A total of 70 adult skeletal Class II division 1 cases (ANB0 &gt; 4) with Dental Class II malocclusion (molar relation half cusp or full cusp Class II) and Overjet &gt; 5mm, were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination and lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position were traced to classify the malocclusion, determine vertical pattern and evaluation of craniocervical posture Results: Results of the study showed that extended craniocervical posture (forward cervical inclination with backward head rotation) was found in 47.1 % of the study group and was significantly correlated to the vertical pattern of the face (r = 0.496, p =0.000). This indicated that the CCP is not only related to sagittal craniofacial relations but also vertical pattern of the face and as the vertical pattern of face increased the cervical spine inclined forward and the head rotated backwards on spine. Flexed head posture was found to be the least prevalent. Subjects with high vertical pattern of facial development had extended CCP whereas subjects with normal vertical pattern mainly had normal CCP Conclusion: Results of this study suggest a significant relationship between Type of malocclusion and craniocervical posture. There was a moderately strong relationship between vertical pattern of the patient and cervical inclination and craniocervical posture which was highly significant.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reversible Effects of Ribavirin on the TesticularWeight of Albino Rats","authors":"Alvia Batool, Faizia Batool, Godfrey Paul William, Maryam Fatima, Fozia Farzana","doi":"10.51273/esc23.251924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.251924","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ribavirin because of its genotoxic quality causes adverse effects on the gonads in a temporary way that has been studied on the testicular tissues of various experimental animals. Objectives: To study the changes in mean testes weight of albino rats after treatment with Ribavirin in different doses at different time points. Methods: The research lab and the animal house of the Anatomy Department of Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore was the place of this experimental study where 72 adult male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: A, B, C and D; with 18 rats each. Intraperitoneal injections of distilled water were given to control groupAand Ribavirin in the doses of 20mg, 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight, as a single dose for 5 days was administered to experimental groupsB,Cand D. Every group wasfurthersplit up into 3 subgroups according to the sacrificial days 20th, 40th and 60th since after administration of the last dose of the drug. On each sacrificial day, 6 rats were randomly selected from a group and sacrificed. Their testes were dissected out and weighed after the removal of the epididymis. The mean testes weight was also calculated. Results: In comparison with the control groups on the 20th and 40th sacrificial days all experimental groups showed a decrease in the values of mean testes weight (MTW) which was more in medium and high-dose treated groups due to the toxic effects of Ribavirin on rat's testes. On the 60th sacrificial day, only low-dose treated groups showed the values of MTW very close to that of controls due to the reversibility of changes induced by Ribavirin on rat's testes. On the same time point medium and high dose treated groups still had reduced values of MTWin comparison with controls due to the late recovery. Conclusion: Apatient on Ribavirin therapy must be informed by a physician regarding its toxic effects on his reproductive health and the reversibility of its gonadotoxicity after discontinuation of this drug.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Active Learning Approach on Students Evaluation of Teaching","authors":"Tehreem Zulfiqar, Sadia Maqsood, Maria ., Bisma Fatima Aslam, Mariyam Iftikhar Piracha, Usman Ilyas","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519222","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the extent to which students were benefited from active learning approach of teaching. It was intended to check the usefulness of whiteboard as a teaching medium instead of more commonly used audio-visual aids like PowerPoint. Method: It is a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study. Interactive teaching strategy was used instead of diagnostic lecture. Instructor used only whiteboard as a teaching medium encouraging interactivity. At the end of the session, 150 students filled the form which comprised of 12 statements regarding evaluation of the instructor. Students were supposed to respond to them according to 5-point Likertscale. Only students≥18 Years and those willing to fill the form were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included students not willing to fill the form and those returning incompletely filled forms. The reliability of form was checked using Cronbach's Alpha which came out to be 0.8 proving it to be reliable. Results: The average overall score for the proforma was 54.5±3.901 out of 60. This showed that there was more positive perception about the instructor than negative after employing active learning approach. Conclusion: From the results of thisstudy, it can be concluded that active learning approach using whiteboard along with enhanced student interactivity is an effective way of teaching","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Intraarticular Knee Injection of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma) vs Steroid (Triamcinolone Acetate) for the Treatment of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis Grade I &amp; II","authors":"Sarwat Nazir, Noman Tariq, Shahid Rasool Dar, Waqas Ashraf Chaudhary, Waseem Younis, Adeel Shahid","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519215","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the effectiveness of PRP (Platelet Rich Plasma), and to compare with Triamcinolone 40mg (Steroid) on functional activity, stiffness and pain in Grade I &amp; II Knee OA. Method: A comparative cross sectional study was conducted at outdoor departments of Advanced Pain Relief Center, Lifeline Hospital Lahore (Pakistan) from January 2022 to December 2022. The present study included a total of 235 participants, out of whom 190 individuals were deemed eligible for inclusion based on predetermined criteria. The remaining 45 participants were excluded from the study due to non-adherence to eligibility criteria and lack of approval from institutional ethical committee. Out of a total of 190 subjects enrolled in the study, 64 (33%) were characterized as male while 126 (67%) were classified as female. The participants' mean age was 53.5 ± 6.4 years. Alternative patients were treated with intra-articular injection of either triamcinolone 40mg or PRP. Patients randomized in Steroid group (n=95) were gives intraarticular 40mg Triamcinolone acetate (1ml) along with 2ml of Local anaesthetic Lignocaine 1%, whereas patients randomized in PRP group (n=95) were injected 5ml PRP. “The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index” (WOMAC) Scale was used for functional disability and pain before and after the therapy for the targeted knee joint at the baseline 1 week, 5 weeks, 8 weeks and 20 weeks follow-ups. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores were also recorded for pain. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: There wasn't any serious adverse effect observed during the study and follow-ups. 25 WOMAC functional activity scale showed statistically significant improvement with Intraarticular knee injection of PRP compared to steroids(40.64±1.87vs.27.17±6.01)(p=0.000). WOMACpainscaleresultsalsodemonstrated that intraarticular knee injection of PRP was more effective in reducing knee pain than steroids (p = 0.000) at 20 weeks follow-up. Conclusion: On the basis of the results of our study, we concluded that platelet rich plasma is more effective than intra-articular steroids in terms of improvement in functional activity and reduction of pain in patients with Grade I &amp; II knee osteoarthritis. Both PRPand steroid intraarticular injections are safe.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio As A Predictor of Endoscopic Damage in Caustic Injuries","authors":"","doi":"10.51273/esc23.251928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.251928","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the ingestion of caustic substances is a medical emergency and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is helpful in diagnosis, prognostication and management. Here, we investigated the NLR of patients, to assess the correlation of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with degree of caustic injury and to evaluate whether NLR can predict the degree of caustic endoscopic injury. Method: This cross sectional study was carried out on 180 patients in gastroenterology department of DHQ teaching hospital, Gujranwala from 1st Jan 2021 to 31 Dec 2021. The endoscopy was performed and CBC was sent for analysis of NLR. The esophageal and stomach mucosal injury was graded by Zargar's classification and divided into low grade and high grade. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between mean NLR versus low and high grade injury. Results: Patients with high grade damage has remarkably higher values of NLR as compared to low grade. For prediction of grade of damage, ROC analysis was used and AUC (area under curve) value was 0.838 (95% CI (0.783-0.894, p<0.001) and if we take NLR cut-off value as 3.5, the sensitivity will be 96.0% and specificity 63.3%, if we take cut-off value as 4.5, the sensitivity will be 93.1% and specificity 48.1% and if we take cut-off value as 5.5, the sensitivity will be 75.2% and specificity 35.4%. Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio can predict degree of gastroesophageal injury in patients with caustic ingestion.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"306 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Predictive Value of Ultrasound in Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease taking Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Gold Standard","authors":"Anek Ammar, Syed Farrukh Nadeem, Khadija Tul Kubra, Mazhar Shafiq, Tariq Mehmood Mirza, Muhammad Arshad","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519210","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the positive predictive value of ultrasound in predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease taking magnetic resonance imaging as gold standard. Method: 84 patients of both sex groups with ages in the range of 18-60 years suspected to have NAFLD underwent ultrasound examination of the liver and kidney and the ratio of mean gray-scale intensity of the liver / renal cortex calculated. The NAFLD on ultrasound was labelled as per operational definition. The MRI was performed and areas under the water peak and fat peak were recorded. Liver fat content was calculated. The NAFLD on MRI waslabelled as per operational definition.All the data was noted along with demographic details of the patient. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 18 years to 60 years with a mean of 41.4years. Male to female ratio of 1:5 was found. The BMI of the patients ranged from 22.6 Kg/m2 to 34.8 Kg/m2 with a mean of 30.8 Kg/m2 and 71.4% patients were obese. 34.5% patients were diabetic. The diagnosis of NAFLD was confirmed in 96.4% cases on MRI. Taking MRI diagnosis of NAFLD as gold standard, it yielded a positive predictive value of 96.4% for ultrasound in predicting NAFLD. Conclusion: Ultrasound showed a high positive predictive value in the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease irrespective of patient's age, gender, BMI and history of diabetes which advocate its preferred use in future medical practice.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Health Risks among Pathologists and Pathology Trainees: An Analysis of Prevalence and Factors","authors":"Afia Sarwar, Atiya Begum, Kanwal Cheema, Majid Rauf","doi":"10.51273/esc23.2519212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.2519212","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the prevalence of work-related hazards faced by Pathologists and residents in the Pathology laboratory in Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of one month from January 2023 to February 2023. The research questionnaire was shared online amongst the Pathologists and Pathology residents. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 28. The qualitative data was described in terms of percentages or frequencies and analyzed using the Chi-square test. AP-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 172 participants, the majority (74.5%) were females. 51.6% of the participants had 31 to 45 hours working, with 26.7% spending 2-4 hours daily on the microscope. Musculoskeletal disorders were seen in 93.2% of the study population followed by visual strain (90.6%) and anxiety and stress in 90.1%. 35.4% reported that the pain was severe enough to take off from work, which involved a greater percentage of females(38%) than males(26%). Males were found to exercise more as compared to females(p-value= 0.044). A significant finding in our study was that psychological disturbances were experienced more in females as compared to males (p-value=0.00,0.00 &amp; 0.00). Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of workplace-based hazards faced by pathologists. Postural support, monitoring work hours, and taking small stretch breaks can play an important part in their professional well-being","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Role of Anti-Mullerian hormone in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"Misbah ul-Qamar, Shumaela Kanwal, Fareha Saleem, Sana Qanbar Abbasi, Yasmeen Ahmed","doi":"10.51273/esc23.251927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/esc23.251927","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate if the elevated levels of Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) could serve as an indicator of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in patients presenting with infertility. Method: The present study was conducted at Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University ofLahore andAustralianConceptInfertilityMedicalCenter(ACIMC),Lahore. It was a case control study. Atotal of 101 females aged between 20-40 years presenting with infertility were included in this study. Among study participants, 51 infertile females had PCOS and 50 were non-PCOS infertile subjects. After taking informed consent, medical history and anthropometric indices were recorded on standardized proforma.Transvaginal ultrasound was done to assess ovarian morphology. Serum AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin levels were measured by commercially available ELISAkits. Serum AMH levels were measured in 10 healthy, fertile females having normal menstrual cycle as normal reference values in our population. Results: Mean AMH levels were significantly higher (9.9±1.1ng/ml) in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome as compared to subjects without this syndrome (1.0± 0.3ng/ml). Mean FSH levels were significantly lower in females with PCOS (p value 0.001) but LH: FSH ratio, serum luteinizing hormone and prolactin level were not significantly different in two groups. Conclusion: The study provides evidence that raised serum levels of AMH are associated with the presence of PCOS and therefore can serve as useful marker in diagnosis of PCOS","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}