European Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"What can be learned when multiple analysts arrive at different estimates.","authors":"Julia M Rohrer, George Davey Smith, Marcus Munafò","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01249-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10654-025-01249-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"493-495"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of education-specific mortality trends to the life expectancy stagnation in England & Wales.","authors":"Jesús-Daniel Zazueta-Borboa, Leo van Wissen, Alison Sizer, Fanny Janssen","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01251-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10654-025-01251-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increase in life expectancy at birth (e0) has stagnated since 2011 in England & Wales (E&W). Prior research hypothesized that the stagnation is related to increasing austerity measures and widening socio-economic inequalities. We formally assessed the contribution of education-specific mortality trends and increasing educational inequalities to the stagnation. We used individually-linked mortality data by sex, educational attainment (low, middle, high), and age (30+) from the ONS Longitudinal Study. We compared, by sex, the observed with the expected (= projected) increase in remaining life expectancy at age 30 (e30) in 2011-2017 for the national and education-specific populations. We assessed the education-specific mortality contributions using stepwise decomposition, and the contribution of increasing educational inequalities using a scenario analysis that assumes constant inequalities. In E&W in 2011-2017, e30 increased by 1.32 years (males) and 1.14 years (females) less than expected, which translates into 2.3 and 1.9 months annually. Stagnation of the increase in e30 occurred across all educational groups, with declines in e30 after 2011 for middle-educated males and low-educated females. Mortality trends among low-educated males (41.4%), middle-educated males (53.5%), and low-educated females (86.1%) contributed the most to the sex-specific stagnation. The observed increases in educational inequalities between 2011 and 2017 contributed approximately 27% to the national e30 stagnation.Widening educational inequalities, and particularly the unfavourable mortality trends observed for middle educated males and low educated females since 2011, contributed substantially to the e30 stagnation since 2011 in England & Wales.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"511-515"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: The associations of long-term physical activity in adulthood with later biological aging and all-cause mortality- a prospective twin study.","authors":"Yiwen Zhang, Edward L Giovannucci","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01255-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10654-025-01255-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"601-602"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144198588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tattoos and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based case-control study","authors":"Emelie Rietz Liljedahl, Malin Engfeldt, Kari Nielsen, Anna Jöud, Christel Nielsen","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01230-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01230-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of tattoos in western countries is about 20%. Tattoo ink may contain carcinogenic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate if tattoo exposure is associated with an increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in individuals. In this population-based case-control study, 2857 cases aged 20 to 60 years, diagnosed between 2014 and 2017, were identified in the Swedish Cancer Registry. Statistics Sweden identified 3 random age- and sex-matched controls per case from the Swedish Total Population Register using incidence-density sampling. In 2019, participants answered a questionnaire regarding lifestyle factors, including tattoos and sun habits. We used logistic regression to investigate if tattoo exposure was associated with the relative risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. 61% of the cases and 53% of the controls replied to the questionnaire. Among the 1600 cases and the 4551 controls that participated, 15.1% and 17.6% had at least one tattoo before the index date. We found no increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in tattooed compared with non-tattooed individuals (incidence rate ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.78–1.15). Tattoo exposure was not associated with the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in this first study of the association. However, more epidemiologic studies are needed before consensus regarding a lack of association can be reached.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of colonoscopy screening on risks of colorectal cancer and related death: instrumental variable estimation of per-protocol effects","authors":"Joy Shi, Magnus Løberg, Mette Kalager, Paulina Wieszczy, Nastazja D. Pilonis, Hans-Olov Adami, Michal F. Kaminski, Michael Bretthauer, Miguel A. Hernán","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01209-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01209-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>We recently reported per-protocol estimates of colonoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in NordICC, a large-scale randomized trial. Our results may be affected by residual confounding due to lack of detailed information on confounders. Here, we supplement our per-protocol analyses with instrumental variable (IV) estimates whose validity relies on an alternate set of assumptions but does not depend on the availability of confounder data. Individuals in the NordICC trial were randomized at a 1:2 ratio to receive either an invitation to a one-time screening colonoscopy (the invited group) or no invitation (the usual-care group). We used IV analyses to estimate bounds and point estimates of per-protocol effects of colonoscopy screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after 10 years follow-up. Analyses included 28,220 participants in the invited group and 56,365 participants in the usual-care group. Participation in screening was 42%. In IV per-protocol analyses, the 10-year risk of colorectal cancer was 1.13% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.23) with usual care and, depending on the assumptions, 0.66% (95% CI: 035, 0.95) to 0.74% (95% CI: 0.57, 0.95) in screened individuals (risk ratio of 0.59 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.98] to 0.65 [95% CI: 0.48, 0.87]). The risk of colorectal cancer mortality at 10 years was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.24, 0.33) in the usual-care group and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.73) to 0.22% (95% CI: 0.08, 0.37) in the screened group (risk ratio of 0.71 [95% CI: 0.31, 2.89] to 0.79 [95% CI: 0.24, 1.42]). IV estimation of per-protocol effects suggests that colonoscopy screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence by 35 to 41% after 10 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143873039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The baseline examinations of the German National Cohort (NAKO): recruitment protocol, response, and weighting","authors":"Stefan Rach, Matthias Sand, Achim Reineke, Heiko Becher, Karin Halina Greiser, Kathrin Wolf, Kerstin Wirkner, Carsten Oliver Schmidt, Sabine Schipf, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Lilian Krist, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Brenner, Stefanie Castell, Sylvia Gastell, Volker Harth, Bernd Holleczek, Till Ittermann, Stefan Janisch-Fabian, André Karch, Thomas Keil, Carolina J. Klett-Tammen, Alexander Kluttig, Oliver Kuß, Michael Leitzmann, Wolfgang Lieb, Claudia Meinke-Franze, Karin B. Michels, Rafael Mikolajczyk, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nadia Obi, Cara Övermöhle, Annette Peters, Tobias Pischon, Susanne Rospleszcz, Börge Schmidt, Matthias B. Schulze, Andreas Stang, Henning Teismann, Christine Töpfer, Robert Wolff, Kathrin Günther","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01219-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01219-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The German National Cohort (NAKO) is the largest population-based epidemiologic cohort study in Germany and investigates the causes of the most common chronic diseases. Between 2014 and 2019, a total of 1.3 million residents aged 20–69 years from 16 German regions were randomly selected from the general population and invited to participate following a highly standardized recruitment protocol. The overall response was 15.6% and differed considerably across study centers (7.6–30.7%). Females were more likely to participate than males (17.5% vs. 14.1%) and participation increased with age (10.2% in age group “ &lt; 29 years” up to 20.7% in age group “ &gt; 60 years”). Across all study regions, response was highest in rural areas (22.3%), followed by towns and suburbs (17.2%), and was lowest in cities (14.5%). Compared with the general population in the respective study regions, participants with low and medium education are underrepresented in the NAKO sample, while highly educated participants are overrepresented. Participants with non-German nationality and with a migration background are also underrepresented. Participants living in single households are underrepresented, while participants from larger households (2 or more persons) are overrepresented compared to the general population. Survey weights are made available to researchers along with the study data that account for the sampling design and adjust for differences in the distribution of age, sex, nationality (German vs. non-German), migration status, education, and household size.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"219 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When, why and how are estimated effects transported between populations? A scoping review of studies applying transportability methods","authors":"Fabian Manke-Reimers, Vincent Brugger, Till Bärnighausen, Stefan Kohler","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01217-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01217-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transportability methods can improve the external validity of estimated effects by accounting for effect heterogeneity due to differently distributed covariates between populations. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of when, why and how transportability methods have been applied. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Web of Science, EconLit and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and December 18, 2024. Studies using transportability methods in a numerical application for at least partly non-overlapping source and target populations were included. We identified 3432 unique studies and included 64 studies applying transportability methods. Over two thirds of the included studies (44/64) introduced new methods. Less than one third of the included studies (20/64) were pure applications of transportability methods. Most applied studies (17/20) transported effect estimates from randomized controlled trials. Effects were transported to target populations with either complete (9/20) or no (9/20) treatment and outcome data or both (2/20). The most frequent aims of applied studies were to transport estimated effects to new populations (10/20) and to assess effect heterogeneity explainable by measured covariates (8/20). How transportability methods were applied varied widely between studies, for instance in the covariate selection approach and sensitivity analysis. Methodological studies with a transportability application presented new transportability estimators for randomized data (5/44), specific transportability applications (e.g., meta-analysis, mediation analysis; 21/44) and other methodological aspects (e.g., covariate selection, missing data handling; 18/44). Transportability methods are a useful tool for knowledge transfer between populations. More applications of transportability methods and guidance for their use are desirable.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life satisfaction as compared with traditional risk factors in relation to incident cardiovascular diseases","authors":"Minghao Kou, Xiang Li, Hao Ma, Xuan Wang, Yoriko Heianza, JoAnn E. Manson, Lu Qi","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01225-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01225-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Emerging evidence suggests a role of psychological well-being in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but supportive data remain limited. This study assessed the prospective associations between life satisfaction and incident CVD, as well as the relative importance of life satisfaction compared to traditional risk factors.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The study included 153,810 participants free of CVD at baseline, with measurements of life satisfaction on general happiness, personal health, family relationships, friendships, and financial situation, followed up until December 31, 2022. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate associations between life satisfaction and incident CVD. The relative importance of life satisfaction in predicting CVD was measured by explained R² values.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>During a median follow-up of 12.9 years, 14,370 incident CVD events occurred, including 10,070 CHD and 2,895 strokes. Individuals with low life satisfaction had an 80% higher risk of CVD compared to those with high life satisfaction (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.84 [1.63–2.07] for CVD, 1.83 [1.59–2.10] for CHD, and 1.74 [1.31–2.31] for stroke). Life satisfaction was ranked as the fourth-strongest CVD risk factor, following hypertension, race, and income. Low satisfaction with all individual aspects was significantly associated with higher risks of CVD and CHD (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while satisfaction with personal health showing the strongest association.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study indicates that life satisfaction is robustly associated with incident CVD and may be considered one of the strongest predictors of CVD risk, alongside traditional risk factors. Our findings support the inclusion of life satisfaction in cardiovascular health metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between aspirin use and the risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","authors":"Hangkai Huang, Zhening Liu, Chengfu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01224-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01224-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to investigate the association between aspirin use and the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We included 53,490 participants from the Nurses’ Health Study II, a prospective US cohort study. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to assess the association between time-updated aspirin use and the risk of incident NAFLD. The exposure data included the status, duration, frequency and dosage of aspirin use. Data on the use of nonaspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen were also collected. Over 1.1 million person-years of follow-up and 3,640 cases of incident NAFLD were documented. Compared with nonusers, current aspirin users had a significantly greater risk of NAFLD (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.05 − 1.29). The current use of nonsteroidal nonaspirin anti-inflammatory drugs was also positively associated with NAFLD risk (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11 − 1.50). There were no significant associations with the use of acetaminophen. Aspirin use was associated with a modestly increased risk of incident NAFLD. These findings need to be confirmed in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Has the “obesity paradox” been resolved by semaglutide trials?","authors":"Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke, Mary Beth Terry, C. Mary Schooling","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01211-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01211-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}