Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Water to Solid Ratio on Compressive Strength of Mordenite-Based Geopolymer and the Evaluation of its Thermal Transmission Property","authors":"M. Cornejo, J. Elsen, Bolivar Togra, H. Baykara, Guillermo Soriano, C. Paredes","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87625","url":null,"abstract":"Mordenite-rich tuff is one of most available zeolitic rocks all over the world. Because of this, the research of natural mordenite as a raw material of geopolymeric materials can provide an almost unlimited source of solid precursor for manufacturing such building materials. Despite efforts to shed light on the behaviour of mordenite-rich tuff during geopolymeric reaction, the performance of these novel materials is barely understood. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of the content of calcium hydroxide, CH, and water-to-solid ratio, W/S, as mixing parameters on compressive strength of mordenite-based geopolymers, MBG, and its thermal conductivity.\u0000 As solid precursor was used mordenite-rich tuff and mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 10M that kept constant during the experiment. Two experimental parameters were selected as independent variables i.e, the content of CH and water-to-solid ratio, and their levels, according to a central composite experimental design. All these designed mixes were characterized by using quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), in addition thermal conductivity tests were also run according to standard method ASTM C177 at 9, 24, 39°C. The overall results suggested that MBG can be used as building material, however its thermal conductivity was higher than that of commercial isolate building material. The experimental design analysis indicated that the optimum water-to-solid ratio was 0.35, but in the case of the content of CH, the optimum value was not observed on this experimental range because the compressive strength increased as the content of CH increased as well. The compressive strength of MBG was observed in the range between 8.7 and 11.3 MPa. On the other hand, QXRD and FTIR showed that mordenite reacted during the geopolymeric reaction, but instead quartz, also found in zeolitic tuff, acted as inert filler.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115525043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of an Al6063 Reinforced With Egg Shell Ash and Rice Husk Ash","authors":"N. Idusuyi, P. Oviroh, A. H. Adekoya","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86662","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium based metal matrix composites (MMCs) have received considerable attention in the last decade for its potential industrial applications. One of the challenges encountered using Aluminium based MMCs is understanding the influence of the reinforcement particles on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In this study the corrosion behaviour and mechanical properties of Al6063 reinforced with egg shell ash and rice husk ash were investigated. Waste Egg Shell Ash (ESA) and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) 212 μm in size were used to produce the composites with 10 wt% of reinforcements via stir casting technique. The RHA and ESA were added in the ratios of 10:0, 7.5:2.5, 5:5, 2.5:7.5, 0:10. Unreinforced Al6063 was used as baseline material. Immersion tests, potentiodynamic polarization techniques, tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composites. The results showed that reinforcing with 7.5 wt% RHA + 2.5 wt% ESA provided the highest resistance to corrosion. Generally, a reduction in the corrosion rates were observed for the reinforced composites as the wt% of RHA increased. Porosity levels of the composites reduced with an increase in the percentage of ESA in the matrix. Microstructural characterization using SEM and OM revealed a distribution of pits on the composite surfaces which was more severe with increasing RHA percentage. The UTS (ultimate tensile stress) results revealed that the composite containing 10 wt% RHA had the maximum value of 161 MPa. The results demonstrate that rice husk ash and eggshell ash can be useful in producing low cost Aluminium composites with improved corrosion resistance and tensile properties.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125116740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Effects of Graphene Nanoinclusions for Improved Desalination Rates of Salt Water Under Solar Heat","authors":"Vinay Patil, Aybala Usta, M. M. Rahman, R. Asmatulu","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88637","url":null,"abstract":"The development of sustainable, cost-effective, reliable, efficient and stable materials and methods for continuous fresh water production is crucial for many regions of the world. Among the many other options, graphene nanoflakes seem to be good option to solve the global water problem due to their low energy cost and simple operational process to purify waste water. The produced water can be used for drinking, agriculture, gardening, medical, industrial and other purposes. Most of the nanofilter-based multifunctional fresh water systems do not require large infrastructures or centralized systems, and can be portable to remote regions for efficient water treatment. Graphene was discovered as a single-layer of isolated graphite atoms arranged in 2D hexagonal shape, making it the thinnest and strongest material known to date. Despite its intriguing mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, usage of graphene for different industries has not been investigated in detail. The present study investigated the availability and practical use of graphene inclusions for desalination of salt water to produce fresh water. In the present study, graphene was added to 3.5wt% salt water (similar to sea water) at different percentages. Graphene has a high absorption capability to convert solar energy into heat to enhance the evaporation rate of salt water. The graphene inclusions can also be used to remove bacteria, viruses, fungi, heavy metals and ions, complex organic and inorganic compounds, and other pathogens and pollutants present in various water sources (e.g., surface, ground water, and industrial water).","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128847917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations on the Structure and Properties of the Hot Extruded AA2014-Nano SiCp Composite","authors":"Shanmuga Sundaram Karibeeran, D. Sathishkumar, Sankar Ramaiyan, Rajamanickam Subban","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87237","url":null,"abstract":"Aluminium based metal matrix composites with nano particle reinforcement are currently finding wide spread applications in automobile, aerospace and space structures because of their high strength, fatigue life, excellent wear resistance, low thermal coefficient value. However, in order to use these materials for critical automotive applications, extensive study in terms of manufacturing feasibility of the composites have to be carried out. Based on the objectives, the present investigation focuses on the development of Aluminium-SiC nano composite for structural applications. The aim of this research work is to arrive at an optimum weight faction of nano particle which gives the highest properties of the nano composite. The composites were produced by stir casting route. The base alloy and the composites were extruded and subsequently subjected to age hardening treatment. Microstructural evaluation, hardness studies were carried out on both the base alloy and the composites in the as-cast and extruded conditions. The effect of extrusion on the microstructure and properties of the AA2014-0.8 wt.%SiC composites have been discussed in detail.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114108985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stabilization of Graphene Dispersions by Cellulose Nanocrystals Colloids","authors":"Danny Illera, C. Wickramaratne, Diego Guillen, C. Jotshi, H. Gomez, D. Goswami","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87830","url":null,"abstract":"The outstanding properties of single-layer graphene sheets for energy storage are hindered as agglomeration or restacking leads to the formation of graphite. The implications of the aforementioned arise on the difficulties associated with the aqueous processing of graphene sheets: from large-scale production to its utilization in solvent-assisted techniques like spin coating or layer-by-layer deposition. To overcome this, aqueous dispersions of graphene were stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals colloids. Aqueous cellulose nanocrystals dispersion highlights as a low-cost and environmentally friendly stabilizer towards graphene large-scale processing. Colloids of cellulose nanocrystals are formed by electrostatic repulsion of fibrils due to de-protonated carboxyl or sulfate half-ester functional groups. Graphene dispersions are obtained by hydrothermal reduction of electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals. This approach allows the preservation of the intrinsic properties of the nano-sheets by promoting non-covalent interactions between cellulose and graphene. The dispersions could be cast to form free-standing flexible conducting films or freeze-dried to form foams and aerogels for capacitive energy storage.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128171031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Induced Delamination During End-Milling of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites: A Statistical Analysis","authors":"K. Alzebdeh, M. Nassar, Nasr Al-Hinai","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86978","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural fiber reinforced composites has emerged as an advantageous option in many industrial applications. Generally, composites are manufactured in net or near-net shape, but under specific design specifications, secondary manufacturing processes such as drilling, milling and turning become a requirement. In this context, current paper presents an experimental study that investigates the machinability of newly developed natural fiber composites under conventional end-milling. Two types of bio-composites; date palm fronds reinforced polypropylene (DPF/PP) and pine needles reinforced polypropylene composite (PN/PP) were developed and physically tested in order to optimize their mechanical strength. Then, machinability of such class of bio-composites is statistically analyzed using Design of Experiment method. Statistical modeling including response surface plots are utilized to analyze the combined effect of input processing parameters (feed rate, axial depth, spindle speed) on the induced delamination during end-milling. It is shown that feed rate is the most dominant factors in DPF/PP milling, and axial depth of cut is the most significant factor on PN/PP milling. Results are also compared with those of milled neat polypropylene, which confirm that delamination of machined bio-composites can be improved over the neat polypropylene matrix. This qualifies the developed bio-composites to be used in industrial applications in which machining is required.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121882299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexterous Hybrid Robotics for High Precision Applications","authors":"Nolan Jackson, Mitch Crowther, Minchul Shin","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86856","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic grippers are useful in designing prosthetics and manufacturing. “Robotic hands often fall into two categories: simple and highly specialized grippers often used in manufacturing, and general and highly complicated grippers designed for a variety of tasks.” Ramond et al. [1] Within these two categories there are two main categories of research. These are hard structure and soft structure robotics. Hard structure robotics rely on a mechanical design with a motor or actuator to move a hard-linked part. Soft structure uses a mechanical design, soft material and a pneumatic pump to create the desired movement. The soft material is designed in a way that when it is pumped full of a fluid (i.e. air) it has a specific deformation. Hard robotics have an advantage in their ability to output a large force, but soft robotics have increased degrees of freedom. Dexterity (readiness and grace in physical movement) is another advantage over hard robotics. This project focuses on the process of designing actuators that can feasibly be used for devices falling into either of the two main categories of robotics. Such an actuator could be effectively implemented toward simple applications such as manufacturing-style gripping devices to advanced applications found in modern human prosthetics or areas where high dexterity combined with a delicate touch are required. The simulations show that the designs created work within a pressure range of 0.5 PSI to 1 PSI. This low pressure does not output a lot of force. The high dexterity and small air compressors needed make it a good design for use in areas like manufacturing or medical. If a stronger material was applied to these designs allowing the designs to handle higher pressures these designs could output much higher forces. This increase would make the designs more usable in areas like prosthetics and advanced robotics.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121865896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Alumina Composites for Cutting Tool Inserts: Material Design and Development","authors":"T. Waqar, S. S. Akhtar, A. Arif, K. Al-Athel","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87255","url":null,"abstract":"A successful approach to the development of reinforced materials for enhanced cutting tool inserts requires the formulation and application of innovative concepts at each step of material design development. In this paper, reinforced ceramic-based cutting tools with enhanced thermal and structural properties are developed for high-speed machining applications using a computational approach. A mean-field homogenization, effective medium approximation and J-integral based fracture toughness evaluation using an in-house code are used for predicting the effective structural and thermal properties for tool inserts as a function of reinforcement type, volume fraction, particle size and interface between matrix and reinforcement. Initially, several potential reinforcements are selected at the material design phase. SiC, TiB2, cBN and TiC were all found to be suitable candidates when reinforced into an alumina matrix as both single and hybrid inclusions for the enhancement of thermal and structural properties. For validation purposes, alumina-cubic boron nitride-silicon carbide composites are developed using Spark Plasma Sintering as hybrid systems, which are in line with the designed range of volume fraction and reinforcement particle size. Structural and thermal properties such as elastic modulus, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity are measured to complement the computational material design model.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132222993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Modeling of a High Speed Composite Flywheel for Energy Storage","authors":"M. Riley, Justin Pettingill","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86484","url":null,"abstract":"This work will demonstrate the development and experimental validation of the stochastic models to predict the composite material’s mechanical and electromagnetic response as a function of the constituent reinforcing materials. First, stochastic micromechanics models will be developed for the case of multiple disparate supporting materials. These micromechanics models will then be validated against traditional finite element models and experimental results over the feasible parameter space. The developed models will then be utilized to define the optimal geometry of the composite flywheel including constraints such as displacement, stress, flux, magnetic field density, and manufacturability.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Recycled Materials for Economic Production of Fire Resistant Fabrics","authors":"T. Ahmed, Zaara Ali, M. M. Rahman, E. Asmatulu","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88640","url":null,"abstract":"Fire protective clothing is crucial in many applications, in military/government (Navy, Marine Corps, Army, Air Force, Coast Guard, and Law Enforcement) and industry (working with furnaces, casting, machining and welding). Fire resistant clothes provide protection to those who are at risk for exposure to fire hazards (intense heat and flames) and provide inert barrier between the skin and fire and shields the user from direct exposure to fire and irradiation. Flame retardant and chemical protective apparel consumption was 997 million m2 in 2015. This market size expected to grow more due to substantial increase in military and industrial demand. Advanced materials have long history in these areas to protect human life against the hazards. There are two main application techniques for producing fire resistant clothing: 1) Using fire retardant materials directly in the textile, and 2) Spray coating on the garments. Over the time these physically and chemically treated cloths begin to degrade and become less protective due to UV and moisture exposure, abrasion, wear, and laundry effects which will shorten the useful wear life of those cloths. The study compared the improved fire resistance of fabrics when treated with recycled graphene solution.","PeriodicalId":119074,"journal":{"name":"Volume 12: Materials: Genetics to Structures","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114176333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}