{"title":"Micro-generation evaluation of the zero emissions technologies in the Portuguese market","authors":"C. Camus, E. Eusébio","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579113","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-generation is the small scale production of heat and/or electricity from a low carbon source and can be a powerful driver for carbon reduction, behavior change, security of supply and economic value. The energy conversion technologies can include photovoltaic panels, micro combined heat and power, micro wind, heat pumps, solar thermal systems, fuel cells and micro hydro schemes. In this paper, a small research of the availability of the conversion apparatus and the prices for the micro wind turbines and photovoltaic systems is made and a comparison between these two technologies is performed in terms of the availability of the resource and costs. An analysis of the new legal framework published in Portugal is done to realize if the incentives to individualspsila investment in sustainable and local energy production is worth for their point of view. An economic evaluation for these alternatives, accounting with the governmentpsilas incentives should lead, in most cases, into attractive return rates for the investment. Apart from the attractiveness of the investment there are though other aspects that should be taken into account and those are the benefits that these choices have to us all. The idea is that micro-generation will not only make a significant direct contribution to carbon reduction targets, it will also trigger a multiplier effect in behavior change by engaging hearts and minds, and providing more efficient use of energy by householders. The diversified profile of power generation by micro-generators, both in terms of location and timing, should reduce the impact of intermittency or plant failures with significant gains for security of supply.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115493819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renewable energy sources availability under climate change scenarios — Impacts on the Portuguese energy system","authors":"J. Cleto, S. Simoes, P. Fortes, J. Seixas","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579074","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an assessment of the impacts on the Portuguese energy system due to climate change induced water availability variations. Two different scenarios were evaluated on the 2050 time horizon: strong and weak decrease of water availability compared to a reference scenario. The impact of water availability decrease, in particular for the power sector, was assessed using a bottom-up technology based linear optimization model: TIMES (The Integrated Markal-EFOM System) calibrated and validated for Portugal. Results indicate that currently planned hydropower capacity is highly overestimated. Results also suggest that under strong decrease of water availability, marginal CO2 abatement costs in 2050 are doubled for moderate reductions targets but, as restrictions are tightened, different scenarios of water availability have little impact on the marginal CO2 abatement costs.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130028149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On allocation of the transmission network losses using game theory","authors":"M. Bockarjova, M. Zima, G. Andersson","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579072","url":null,"abstract":"One of key elements of liberalized markets being faced by consumer is a transparent cost structure of electricity supply. Part of this cost corresponds to the coverage of losses in the network. Several approaches to loss allocation exist, most commonly such as, charging in proportion to consumed energy or location marginal pricing. The first method fails to accurately link the consumption with the cause of losses. The second approach tends to be very sensitive to the change of parameters of the problem. Therefore, they do not fully satisfy criteria imposed on an allocation method: transparency and fairness. According to game theory, a fair and a transparent allocation of cost can be achieved using a concept of Shapley value. This paper presents a methodology and studies some properties of loss allocation mechanism using Shapley value.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117062868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transparent methods to support infrastructure investments","authors":"K. Gustafsson, M. Nilsson","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579067","url":null,"abstract":"The transmission grids have an important role in the development of the internal electricity market, and as a tool to fulfil EU:s ambitious energy policy, known as 20-20-20 in 2020. The key issue is how to get the national TSOs to broaden their scope in order to realize the full potential of trade across borders. The TSOs need to get the incentives to take an active part in the foreseen structural change in electricity generation, which will require actions both nationally and across borders. In this paper we focus on the importance of a broadened international scope when planning the future development of the European transmission grids. We exemplify our choice of method by some empirical findings from the Nordic electricity market.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122500605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategic bids in liberalized markets","authors":"N. Domingues, V. Mendes","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents results of a study concerning the generation strategic bids for a single hour. In this study we incorporated the price and quantity bids. We considered an elastic demand curve, approximated by an affine function, assuming that there is consumer's reaction and that the market price and the demand are related. Also, we consider the competitors reaction using a parameter that represents the conjectural variation. We studied the market behaviour assuming that the market price is represented by a normal probability function. We studied and compared the market behaviour for two price markets types: the MCP (Market Clearing Pay) and PAB (Pay As Bid).","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128498129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation aspects of partial netting in flow-based auction clearing mechanism","authors":"M. Vukasovic, M. Apostolovic, C. Todem","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579026","url":null,"abstract":"The allocation of cross-border transmission capacities is a basic precondition for cross-border electricity trade. Insufficient transmission capacities are the factor that limits this trade and therefore they must be allocated in the economically efficient manner in order to alleviate its negative influence on the trade but along with the preservation of electric power system stability. The flow-based coordinated auctioning method introduces economic criteria for selection of requests for transmission capacities use when those requests exceed available amounts (congestion), along with a better representation of cross-border electricity transactions influence on transmission network. With the use of Internet development tools, Web simulator has been created, which allowed practical implementation and testing of coordinated auctioning method, especially a possibility to apply netting of counter-flows. Several sensitivity analyses and case studies have been conducted and the results that show the advantages of application of netting principle are elaborated.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Muñoz, J. Aguado, F. Martin, J. López, A. Rodriguez, J. E. Ruiz
{"title":"Application of genetic algorithms to compute the magnetic field produced by overhead transmission lines","authors":"F. Muñoz, J. Aguado, F. Martin, J. López, A. Rodriguez, J. E. Ruiz","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579081","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new procedure for estimating longitudinal and cross-sectional profiles of electromagnetic fields produced by overhead transmission lines (OTL) is presented. The method is based on genetic algorithms, and uses a limited number of field measurements produced by overhead transmission lines. The procedure has been validated for different line configurations by comparison of the measured values with the theoretical ones calculated through the representation of the magnetic field vectors with double complex numbers.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115602537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring market concentration in European power exchanges “coupled” over a meshed cross-border network","authors":"D. Perekhodtsev","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579103","url":null,"abstract":"The European electricity markets are moving in the direction of market coupling and allocating the cross-border transmission capacity using implicit auctions. The tri-lateral power exchange combining the power exchanges of France, Belgium, and Netherlands is currently operational. German and Danish exchanges are to be coupled in June 2008. The integration of Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany and Luxemburg is planned to be done by January 1, 2009. Such integrated clearing of European national electricity markets would allow using the cross-border transmission capacity more efficiently compared to the current bilateral management that does not allow full utilization of the cross-border capacity. This could help expanding the relevant geographic markets beyond the national borders, and promote competition in the European electricity market. Although the integrated management of the power flows over the looped networks best reflects the physics of electric power flows, it significantly complicates the analysis of competitiveness and concentration in such electricity markets. The topology of geographic markets created by such constraints is often non-trivial. In this paper a methodology is developed to assess the geographic scope of electricity wholesale markets in continental Europe implied by the cross-border transmission capacity allocated using the implicit auctions mechanisms of market coupling. This methodology applies the conventional methods of measuring unilateral market power in electricity markets, such as pivotal suppliers and residual demand elasticity, to perform a hypothetical monopoly test for identification of geographic relevant markets. The paper analyses the change in the topology of relevant geographic markets due to the introduction of market coupling using an approximate model of interconnected transmission network of 17 European countries compiled by (Zhou et.al, 2005).","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128785134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrating large scale wind farms in fuzzy mid term unit commitment using PSO","authors":"H. Siahkali, M. Vakilian","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach for unit commitment (UC); where a large scale wind power exists and the wind speed has a fuzzy characteristic; by using particle swarm optimization method (PSO). In this approach, the system reserve requirements, the requirement of having a load balance, and the wind power availability constraints are realized. A proper modeling of these constraints is an important issue in power system scheduling. Since these constraints are ldquofuzzyrdquo in nature, any crisp treatment of them in this problem may lead to over conservative solutions. In this paper, a fuzzy optimization-based method is developed to solve power system UC problem with a fuzzy objective function and its constraints. This fuzzy mid term UC problem is, at first, converted to a crisp formulation and then is solved by PSO. This method is applied to unit commitment of a 12-unit test system and the results of the particle swarm optimization method are compared with the results of the conventional numerical methods such as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). Numerical tests results show that near optimal schedules are obtained, by application of this method. Also this method provides a balance between the costs and the constraints satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126002080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation of two-area AGC system in a competitive environment using reduced-order observer method","authors":"E. Rakhshani, J. Sadeh","doi":"10.1109/EEM.2008.4579082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EEM.2008.4579082","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a reduced-order observer controller is proposed to solve the automatic generation control problem in a deregulated power system that operates under deregulation based on the bilateral policy scheme. In the practical environment (real world), access to all of the state variables of system is limited and measuring all of them is also impossible. So when we have fewer sensors available than the number of states or it may be undesirable, expensive, or impossible to directly measure all of the states, using a reduced-order observer is proposed. A proposed design, which is presented in this paper, has been developed in order to over-come this problem. The proposed strategy is tested on a two-area power system and compared with the optimal full-state feedback method by means of simulation. The results are shown that this method improved the dynamic response of system and provides a control system that satisfied the load frequency control requirements.","PeriodicalId":118618,"journal":{"name":"2008 5th International Conference on the European Electricity Market","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121784467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}