European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Drug-related falls: proportion and impact of hospitalizations in geriatric departments on the prescription of fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs).","authors":"Céline Vaesken, Véronique Lelong-Boulouard, Sophie Fedrizzi, Alexandra Muzard, Pablo Descatoire, Gilles Loggia, Guillaume Saint-Lorant, Cédric Villain, Alexandre Meurant","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03836-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-025-03836-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The incidence of drug-related admissions in France was 8.5% in 2018, with falls being the 5 th cause of DRA. The screening of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in old adults can be challenging. Our objective was to determine the proportion of old patients hospitalized for drug-related falls in a geriatrics department, assess their preventability and the impact of hospitalizations on the prescription of fall-risk increasing drugs (FRIDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study, including patients aged over 75 years who were admitted to an acute geriatrics medicine department from May 10, 2022, to February 2, 2023, was conducted. We used a previously published method to detect DRA and assess their preventability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 512 patients admitted to the department during the study period, 104 patients (20%) were hospitalized due to falls, of whom 71 (14%) were considered to be drug-related. Falls associated with drugs were categorized as more severe (p = 0.01). In 41% of drug-related falls, ADRs were considered to be definitively avoidable. The most commonly implicated FRIDs classes were beta-blockers (53%, n = 38); diuretics (47%, n = 34); antidepressants (41%, n = 29); benzodiazepines (6%, n = 20); and underuse of vitamin D in patients with a documented deficiency (65%, n = 46). In patients hospitalized for drug-related falls, the FRIDs decreased between admission (n = 314) and discharge (n = 198, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportion of hospitalizations for drug-related falls is notably high in geriatric department, and a substantial proportion can be prevented. These findings emphasize the importance of targeting high-risk patients for falls and implementing preventive measures, such as reassessing their medication as recommended in the latest international guidelines for falls prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"81 6","pages":"885-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of oral antidiabetic agents on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.","authors":"Xifeng Yang, Yijie Qi, Jinxuan Hao, Hongxia Wei, Zhe Li, Ming Xu, Yi Zhang, Yunfeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03830-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03830-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a vital endocrine system that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. However, excessive activation of the RAAS can contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Prolonged hyperglycemia leads to overactivation of the RAAS through the production of inflammatory factors and other mechanisms, ultimately resulting in diabetic complications. Oral antidiabetic agents are the cornerstone of diabetes treatment, and the effects of oral antidiabetic agents on the RAAS have not been clearly summarized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To review the effects of various types of oral antidiabetic agents on the components of the RAAS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors (SGLT2i) inhibit glucose and sodium reabsorption, which increases the flow of Na⁺ to the macula densa, thereby inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) and subsequently decreasing renin production. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) can directly inhibit angiotensin II (Ang II) or indirectly suppress it by modulating TGF. These agents also affect Ang II type 1 receptors (AT1R) and Ang II type 2 receptors (AT2R) to mitigate Ang II and can indirectly interact with Ang II through Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger isotope 3 (NHE3). Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), as PPAR-γ agonists, can enhance the expression of the renin gene, inhibit the production of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), regulate the levels of AT1R and AT2R, and decrease aldosterone production. Metformin also inhibits the production of renin and aldosterone in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These oral agents, which exhibit diverse effects on the components of the RAAS, modulate the activity of these components to exert antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and renoprotective effects, thereby offering several beneficial outcomes in the management of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"801-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling disorders and drugs: a disproportionality analysis in the WHO pharmacovigilance database.","authors":"Jean-Louis Montastruc","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03828-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-025-03828-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"81 6","pages":"907-909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143985041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dapagliflozin on malignant ventricular arrhythmias in elderly after acute myocardial infarction: a propensity score-matched cohort study.","authors":"Li Deng, Jingyi Wang, Ye Deng, Jianya Huang, Qingqing Gu, Qianwen Chen, Lu Pan, Jun Wei, Qingjie Wang, Ling Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03832-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03832-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin (DAPA) on malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, prospective and observational cohort study was conducted. We enrolled AMI patients from the ChangZhou Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 2018 and November 2023. They were divided into two groups according to the use of dapagliflozin. The median follow-up time was 211 days. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of MVA during hospitalization, and the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality rate during the follow-up period. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multifactorial logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the association between DAPA and the risk of MVA. Enrolled patients were matched on a 1:1 propensity score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 2607 AMI patients enrolled, MVA were reported postoperatively in 123 (4.7%)patients. Cardiovascular death occurred in 93 (3.6%) patients. The average age of the enrolled patients was 65.03 ± 0.27 years. Of participants assigned to dapagliflozin, 8 out of 363 patients (2.2%) experienced MVA compared with 115 out of 2244 patients (5.1%) in the control group (odds ratio, OR = 0.392; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 0.171-0.900; P = 0.027). After 1:1 propensity score matching, DAPA remained able to reduce the risk of MVA in patients with AMI. (OR = 0.340; 95% CI: 0.121-0.960; P = 0.042). At a median follow-up of 211 days, all-cause mortality remained lower in the DAPA group than in the control group after matching (P = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dapagliflozin may attenuate the risk of MVA and all-cause mortality in elderly AMI patients, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic adjunct. However, these findings require validation in large-scale randomized trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"839-851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotropic polypharmacy impairs walking independence in post-stroke patients.","authors":"Ayaka Matsumoto, Yoshihiro Yoshimura, Fumihiko Nagano, Sayuri Shimazu, Takahiro Bise, Yoshifumi Kido, Ai Shiraishi, Aomi Kuzuhara, Takenori Hamada, Kouki Yoneda","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03833-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03833-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Psychotropic drugs are associated with adverse outcomes in older adults. However, evidence on the effect of psychotropic use on walking ability in post-stroke patients is lacking. This study examined the association between psychotropic medication use and walking independence in post-stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included stroke patients admitted for convalescent rehabilitation at a Japanese hospital between 2020 and 2022. Psychotropic medications (benzodiazepines, hypnotics, antipsychotics, and antidepressants) prescribed at admission were recorded. The primary outcome was walking independence at discharge, defined as a Functional Independence Measure (FIM) walk score ≥ 6. Logistic regression analyses examined the association between the number of psychotropic drugs and walking independence, adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 709 patients enrolled, 559 (mean age 75.5 years, 52.8% male) were included in the analysis. At admission, 25.4% of patients used psychotropic drugs. In the adjusted analysis, the number of psychotropic medications was independently associated with lower walking independence at discharge (OR 0.620, 95% CI 0.428-0.897, P = 0.011). Hypnotic use specifically showed a negative impact on walking independence (OR 0.331, 95% CI 0.154-0.708, P = 0.004). However, psychotropic drug use was not significantly associated with improvement in FIM-motor scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychotropic polypharmacy at admission, particularly with hypnotics, was associated with reduced likelihood of achieving walking independence after stroke rehabilitation. Judicious use of psychotropic medications may be warranted when ambulation is a critical goal for older post-stroke patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"831-838"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of cyclophosphamide for skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.","authors":"Xin Tian, PengJiao An, RongJi Liu, Wei Zuo, Xin Liu, ZaiWei Song, Yang Hu, RongSheng Zhao, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03837-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03837-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by skin thickening with vascular and visceral involvements. The efficacy of cyclophosphamide for SSc-related skin fibrosis remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide for skin fibrosis in SSc.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for all published clinical trials on the treatment of SSc with cyclophosphamide until January 15, 2025.The outcome of interest was the extent of skin fibrosis, measured by the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Two authors independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was conducted with Stata/SE software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 articles involving 869 patients met the inclusion criteria. Cyclophosphamide reduced mRSS score by 2.30 (95% CI 0.72-3.88), 4.53 (95% CI 2.91-6.14), 6.72 (95% CI 2.74-10.70), 5.70 (95% CI 4.04-7.36), and 4.60 (95% CI 3.18-6.02) at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24- and 36-month, respectively. The estimated effect size, obtained by pooling mRSS from all studies at the follow-up endpoint, decreased by 4.71 (95% CI 2.72-6.70). In diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subtype, the pooled mRSS decreased by 3.02 (95% CI 1.46-4.58), 6.45 (95% CI 5.02-7.87), 8.03 (95% CI 5.26-10.80), and 6.34 (95% CI 6.00-6.68) at 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month, respectively. And the overall reduction in mRSS at the end of follow-up in dcSSc was 7.30 (95% CI 5.61-8.99) across 11 studies. Significant heterogeneity was observed among these studies, and subgroup analysis revealed that study size and disease subtype partially explained the heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis indicated good study stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cyclophosphamide effectively reduced mRSS scores in SSc, particularly in dcSSc. While skin thickness improvement diminishes after 24 months, it remains a viable option for patients with worsening skin fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024502283. Registered on 25 January 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"863-874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143810864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model to estimate reduced CYP3A4 activity in cancer patients utilizing the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an inflammatory marker.","authors":"David E Coutant, Jessica Rehmel, Donna M Edwards, Stephen D Hall","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03839-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03839-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In advanced cancer patients the CYP3A4-mediated clearance of drugs is dependent on the severity of inflammation. In a study in patients with advanced cancer (n = 44) with solid tumors, prior to cancer treatment, high inter-patient variability was observed in the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of the CYP3A4 substrate midazolam. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was used to categorize the degree of inflammation of each patient and in turn to correlate increases in NLR to decreases in CYP3A4 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with NLR ≥ 5 were categorized as having high inflammation, and patients with NLR < 5 as having low-to-moderate inflammation. A physiologically-based PK (PBPK) model of midazolam PK and a top-down approach was used to determine the reductions in CYP3A4 abundance in the liver and gut wall needed to match the PK parameters of midazolam in the NLR ≥ 5 and NLR < 5 groups of patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The midazolam mean CL/F was 33 L/h in the NLR < 5 group, and midazolam CL/F was 20 L/h in the NLR ≥ 5 group. To match the PK of midazolam in the NLR < 5 group, the CYP3A4 expression was reduced 40% in both the liver and the gut. In the NLR ≥ 5 group, CYP3A4 expression was reduced approximately 40% in the liver and at least 90% in the gut to produce the best fit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, these results support that NLR may be used as an inflammatory marker that broadly correlates to inflammation-driven changes in CYP3A4 activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"853-862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generative AI vs. human expertise: a comparative analysis of case-based rational pharmacotherapy question generation.","authors":"Muhammed Cihan Güvel, Yavuz Selim Kıyak, Hacer Doğan Varan, Burak Sezenöz, Özlem Coşkun, Canan Uluoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03838-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-025-03838-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated the performance of three generative AI models-ChatGPT- 4o, Gemini 1.5 Advanced Pro, and Claude 3.5 Sonnet-in producing case-based rational pharmacology questions compared to expert educators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using one-shot prompting, 60 questions (20 per model) addressing essential hypertension and type 2 diabetes subjects were generated. A multidisciplinary panel categorized questions by usability (no revisions needed, minor or major revisions required, or unusable). Subsequently, 24 AI-generated and 8 expert-created questions were asked to 103 medical students in a real-world exam setting. Performance metrics, including correct response rate, discrimination index, and identification of nonfunctional distractors, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between AI-generated and expert-created questions, with mean correct response rates surpassing 50% and discrimination indices consistently equal to or above 0.20. Claude produced the highest proportion of error-free items (12/20), whereas ChatGPT exhibited the fewest unusable items (5/20). Expert revisions required approximately one minute per AI-generated question, representing a substantial efficiency gain over manual question preperation. Nonetheless, 19 out of 60 AI-generated questions were deemed unusable, highlighting the necessity of expert oversight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Large language models can profoundly accelerate the development of high-quality assessment questions in medical education. However, expert review remains critical to address lapses in reliability and validity. A hybrid model, integrating AI-driven efficiencies with rigorous expert validation, may offer an optimal approach for enhancing educational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"81 6","pages":"875-883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mingyang Tang, Tao Liu, Yukun Zhang, Jun Ding","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03829-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03829-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are inconsistent across studies. This study sheds light on the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in advanced HCC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Several databases were comprehensively searched up to January 13, 2025, to identify studies assessing pembrolizumab for advanced HCC. Outcome indicators included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), rash, adverse events (AEs), and severe adverse events (SAEs). Pooled effects were estimated through hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). R 4.4.1. was employed for statistical analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two studies involving 2964 patients were encompassed. Meta-analysis indicated that pembrolizumab demonstrated an ORR of 28% in single-arm analyses. Pembrolizumab significantly improved ORR in comparison to placebo (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.32-5.03) but showed no significant advantage over nivolumab. Pembrolizumab markedly enhanced PFS (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69-0.85) and OS (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.70-0.88) compared to placebo, but no significant differences were observed when compared to nivolumab. Pembrolizumab significantly raised the risk of rash in comparison to placebo (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.55-3.31) but showed no significant difference versus nivolumab. The pembrolizumab group showed a higher incidence of AEs (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.42-2.64) and SAEs (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.04-4.25) than the placebo group, with no significant difference between pembrolizumab and nivolumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study proves that pembrolizumab may have promising therapeutic effects in patients with advanced HCC, although no clear advantage over nivolumab was observed. The occurrence of AEs warrants attention in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"815-830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Role of Serotonin Receptor (5HTR2A) and Dopamine Receptor (DRD2) gene polymorphisms in risperidone-induced weight gain and hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia.","authors":"Alladi Charanraj Goud, Ravi Philip Rajkumar, Deepak Gopal Shewade, Luxitaa Goenka, Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy","doi":"10.1007/s00228-025-03835-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00228-025-03835-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11857,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"899-905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}