Journal of Land and Rural Studies最新文献

{"title":"Development Disparities in India: An Inter-State and Intra-State Comparison","authors":"S. Nandy","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844407","url":null,"abstract":"Economic development reflects in the improvement of physical and social infrastructures which ease the quality of life in a society. But the pace and level of development are generally not uniform across the regions, and subsequently create regional disparities. The induced (man-made) disparities need to be quantified to analyse the cause and consequence of unequal development and the future course of action. This article is an attempt to present the socio-economic disparities among various states/regions/sectors in India. Region-wise, southern states are ahead in many indices followed by north-western states, while eastern and central parts of India are lagging behind the overall development. The north-east India still remains in isolation with some exemption of higher ranked (developed) districts of Sikkim and Tripura. Disparities also exist within the districts of a state and have been presented as intra-state disparities on some selected parameters. Districts have been ranked on the basis of development indices and mapped across the states/districts using Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The existing disparities are total (among states), sectoral and also between rural and urban inhabitants within each state. The aim of development is to equalise the disparities and make it equitable among states and also within a state, as only resource richness is not adequate to be a developed state.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116146895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Ownership, Youth and Agricultural Performance Among Maize Farmers in Republic of Benin","authors":"Cocou Jaurès Amegnaglo, Yves Yao Soglo","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844421","url":null,"abstract":"Access to land plays a major role in the low performance of the food production system in developing countries. The present study analysed the effect of land ownership on young and old farmers’ performance and the potential yield difference among the two groups by using Endogenous Switching Regression Model, based on a random survey of 354 maize farmers. One-third of the farmers interviewed were young. Availability of family land and experience in farming affected young and old farmers differently. Old farmers who have personal or family land ownership have higher yield compared to farmers who rent their farms. Land ownership did not affect the youth yield, meaning only the availability of the land is important for youth, the incremental cost of getting the land does not matter. Land ownership is important in farmers’ performance; therefore, government should take measure to protect agricultural land against land grabbing.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122406833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Intensification in a Forest-agriculture Frontier Landscape: Analysis of C Capture and Sequestration Potential Under Two Different Scenarios in Binga District, Zimbabwe","authors":"M. Ruggeri","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844425","url":null,"abstract":"Zimbabwe has been experiencing widespread land degradation, soil erosion, increasing aridity and temperatures that, coupled with population growth, pose a menace to agricultural production and prospective food security. As a win-win strategy, conservation agriculture (CA) is being promoted across the country with the objective to restore damaged ecosystems, curb and revert environmental depletion and guarantee food security. Binga district, where smallholders’ cropland expansion has been identified as the main driver of deforestation, has been one of the first recipient of CA-supporting projects and is the current beneficiary of a newly implemented Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD)+ project. In light of the controversial forest-sparing/forest-clearing effect of sustainable intensification, the present study tried to assess how the adoption of CA may influence deforestation rates in the area and related C stocks under two hypothetical future scenarios. A pool of experts was consulted with the objective to quantify land cover changes in 2040 and the model InVEST was used to compute the district C stocks under the two considered scenarios. Findings show that the rate of CA adoption in Binga is very limited, partly failing to address the problem of agriculture-driven deforestation and widespread farmland degradation. Consequently, both scenarios portray a district doomed to a poverty-environmental degradation vicious cycle that, according to experts, requires a holistic approach to be eased.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133497280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Public Spending on National Food Security Mission and Farmers Livelihoods in Tamil Nadu","authors":"K. Sivagnanam, K. Murugan","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844408","url":null,"abstract":"National Food Security Mission (NFSM) scheme is one of the flagship schemes for the development farmer’s livelihood. The objective is to achieve self-sufficiency in foodgrains production to improve livelihood, particularly in rice, wheat and pulses. It is providing the modern machinery, farm management and pest management. The article intends to analyse the trends in area, production and productivity of rice in the NFSM and non-NFSM districts in Tamil Nadu. This article is divided into four sections. The first is introductory in nature; the second deals with review of literature. The third section describes the rice production in Tamil Nadu, and the fourth section describes the government spending to the NFSM scheme in Tamil Nadu. Finally, it provides concluding remarks and policy suggestions from the study.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123320710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Anthony P. D’Costa and Achin Chakraborty, The Land Question in India: State, Dispossession and Capitalist Transition","authors":"P. Nayak","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844427","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121822593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Property Rights Through Social Movements: The Case of Plantations in Kerala, India","authors":"D. Iyer","doi":"10.1177/2321024919844423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024919844423","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, increased investor interest in land is confronting various types of political mobilisations from communities at the grassroots level. This article examines the case study of a land occupation movement called Chengara struggle in the largest corporate plantation in southern India. The movement is led by the historically dispossessed scheduled caste and scheduled tribe communities. The objective of the study is to understand the type of institutional transformation of property rights that the movement is calibrating. Institutional theory is used to determine the nature and direction of transformation using the framework of economic and political transaction costs. The article concludes that the central demand of the struggle for individual title deed has higher private gains for right-holders, but has overall negative gains for agricultural productivity. The article concludes that productivity-oriented demands to restructure land-use rights within plantations might converge in the land struggles of the future.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132277915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Land Use Choice with Land Access in Nigerian Agrarian Communities","authors":"E. Etowa, Emmanuel D. Nwiido","doi":"10.1177/2321024918808112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024918808112","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides overview of land use decisions in the face of numerous bottlenecks within Nigerian agrarian population. Using a case study, the effects of access to land on land use choice were analysed. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 104 respondents from 13 communities in Odukpani, Nigeria. A logistic regression model was specified to achieve the analyses. The result of the model was preceded by socio-demographic statistics of the study population. It was found that majority (92.3 per cent) of those with access to land had ownership rights, while 7.7 per cent had only land use rights. However, most (68.5 per cent) of them accessed 0.9 or less hectare of land, only 2.2 per cent had access to up to one or more hectare of land. Land was mainly devoted to agriculture in Odukpani. The logistic regression analyses showed that the size of land accessed has no significant effect on how it is used. However, having land ownership right is 0.1641 times likely to favour land use principally for agriculture than only having land use right. Conversely, having only land use right was 1/0.1641 (or 6.0939) times more likely to cause land use for agriculture than having land ownership right. Interestingly, a unit increase in perceived educational constraint increased the probability of land use for agriculture by 10.9133 times. Similarly, access to credit increased the probability of land use for agriculture by 23.5003 times, while short payback period of the loan received had a retarding effect on land use for agriculture by 0.1763 times. Psychometric scale scores showed that the cost of land (3.97), increase in land speculation (3.79) and conflict of interests by landlord (3.75) were the top three perceived constraints to accessing land in the study population. The study recommends agricultural development policies directed in favour of land access and with a view to tackling the identified constraints.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129187555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deforestation Adaptation Strategies Among Farmers in Nigeria","authors":"P. Bzugu, M. O. Egbeadumah, A. Aliyu, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1177/2321024918808124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024918808124","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined deforestation adaptation strategies among farmers in Mubi South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. A proportionality factor was used in the selection of 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Likert-scale and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that most (86.7%) of the respondents were within the ages of 20–50 years, educated (97.5%), males (86.7%) and married (70.0%) with household sizes of 6–10 persons (58.3%). Most of the respondents (91.7%) had between 11 and above 21 years of farming experience. Farming activities, fuel wood extraction and illegal lumbering activities were ranked foremost among the causes of deforestation in the area. The results revealed that the use of fuel efficient wood stove, use of corn straw for cooking, domestication of medicinal plants and conservation agriculture were ranked foremost among the deforestation adaptation strategies by the respondents. The results of the multiple regressions showed that age, education level, farming experience and extension contacts positively influence the use of adaptation strategies to deforestation. The constraints to deforestation adaptation strategies shows that lack of capital ranks 23 per cent; resistance to change, 22.3 per cent, and lack of awareness, 22 per cent, among respondents. It was concluded that respondents were in their active and productive age and had acquired one form of formal education or the other. Adaptation strategies are dominated by married farmers and males with household size of 6–10 persons and farming experience of 1–10 years. Farmers have less access to extension contacts and this constraint limited adaptation strategies. It was recommended that efforts should be intensified in educating farmers through concerted efforts of extension agents and agricultural radio programmes with the view to properly guide and educate farmers on effective afforestation strategies and sustainable strategies to be adopted in the study area. Government should educate farmers through the use of extension agents to teach farmers/respondents how to use alternative sources to cook; for instance, gather wood shavings, maize cubs or charcoal to make cooking fire as against felling trees.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130129166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Genesis of Peri-urban Ethiopia: The Case of Hawassa City","authors":"Eshetayehu Kinfu, H. Bombeck, Agizew Nigussie, Fisseha Wegayehu","doi":"10.1177/2321024918808125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024918808125","url":null,"abstract":"Peri-urban areas present planning challenges of contemporary urbanisation and settlements in the Global South. Studies about peri-urban area tend to focus upon the Global North and Asia, while little has been done on sub-Saharan Africa. Available research in sub-Saharan Africa is largely confined to studying economic forces driving periurbanisation, land markets and informality. Few have explicitly examined the policy forces driving it. This article analyses the urbanisation and policy forces driving periurbanisation in Hawassa, Ethiopia. It scrutinises the city’s urbanisation policy and the nation’s land policy to find out how and why they are linked with the city’s periurbanisation processes. The analyses utilises primary data collected through household surveys, field observations and key informant interviews, which are complemented by secondary data from national legal and policy documents, and regional and city administration reports. The findings show that Hawassa’s periurbanisation is driven by policy forces emanating from annexation-based rapid urbanisation and the loopholes in the nation’s land policy.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127999640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Profile of Customary and Statutory Property Rights: Implication for Real Estate Development in Port Harcourt","authors":"U. A. Okorji, M. Omirin","doi":"10.1177/2321024918808123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2321024918808123","url":null,"abstract":"Real estate developments are characterised with risk and uncertainty. The more knowledge of the environment, unique characteristics and experience of a location, the easier it is to manage risk and reduce the possibility of unpleasant situations occurring. This article considers the risk profile of customary and statutory property rights in order to inform developers, investors and stakeholders on issues that need to be understood while dealing with such property rights in Port Harcourt. Litigations arising from intra-family and intra-communal disputes over boundaries are the main challenges to the security of customary property rights. On the other hand, the fallout of weak governance and conflicts between customary and statutory property rights constitute the major challenges to the security of statutory property rights. This article concludes by highlighting steps that could be taken to make Port Harcourt more investor friendly to the betterment of the real estate sector and the general economy.","PeriodicalId":118277,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Land and Rural Studies","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125153429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}