Nano ExpressPub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad228d
S. Motshekga
{"title":"Structural and antibacterial properties of copper oxide nanoparticles: A study on the effect of calcination temperature","authors":"S. Motshekga","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad228d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad228d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nanoparticles of copper oxide were synthesized by the simple precipitation method. The influence of calcination temperature on the structural characteristics and antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The nanoparticles were analyzed by Bruner-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analyzer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The findings demonstrated the formation of copper oxide nanoparticles showing a monoclinic phase. Before calcination, the nanoparticles showed a high BET surface area with rod shape morphology and size range between 18–70 nm and after calcination, irregular spherical-like morphology with size range of 20–200 nm was observed. However, it was evident that the BET surface area decreased gradually with increasing calcination temperature, while the nanoparticle size increased forming an irregular spherical shape. Subsequently, the copper oxide nanoparticles demonstrated that they are highly effective for bacteria inactivation. The inactivation activity was found to be more effective with uncalcined nanoparticles than with calcined nanoparticles. This was due to the large nanoparticle sizes and the decrease in surface area obtained after calcination. Thus, it was noted that calcination of the as-prepared nanoparticles significantly affects the structural and antibacterial properties. Hence, for antibacterial application, calcination was not necessary as the nanoparticles showed excellent antibacterial results.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"44 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad220d
C. villeneuve-faure, M. Mitronika, Andreea Paula Dan, Laurent Boudou, W. Ravisy, M. P. Besland, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Antoine Goullet
{"title":"Nanoscale dielectric properties of TiO2 in SiO2 nanocomposite deposited by hybrid PECVD method","authors":"C. villeneuve-faure, M. Mitronika, Andreea Paula Dan, Laurent Boudou, W. Ravisy, M. P. Besland, Mireille Richard-Plouet, Antoine Goullet","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad220d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad220d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, nanocomposites (TiO2 in SiO2) are produced by an advanced hybrid aerosol-PECVD method based on direct liquid injection of a non-commercial colloidal solution in an O2 / hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) low-pressure plasma. Dielectric properties are investigated at nanoscale using techniques derived from Atomic Force Microcopy in terms of relative dielectric permittivity, charge injection and transport. Results show that a concentration in TiO2 up to 14% by volume makes it possible to increase the relative dielectric permittivity up to 4.8 while maintaining the insulating properties of the silica matrix. For a TiO2 concentration in the range 15 – 37% by volume, the relative dielectric permittivity increases (up to 11 for 37% TiO2 by volume) and only few agglomerated nanoparticles lowering the insulating properties are observed. For TiO2 concentration above 40% by volume, the relative dielectric permittivity still increases but the quantity of agglomerated nanoparticles is very high, which greatly increases the charge transport dynamic and degrades the insulating properties. Finally, 37 % of TiO2 by volume in the SiO2 matrix appears to be the best compromise, between high dielectric permittivity and low leakage current for the MIM applications aimed.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139599117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d01
J. León-Flores, Edna Melo-Uscanga, J. Pérez-Mazariego, M. L. Marquina-Fábrega, C. Reyes-Damián, R. Escamilla, R. Gómez, Jesús Arenas-Alatorre
{"title":"Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process","authors":"J. León-Flores, Edna Melo-Uscanga, J. Pérez-Mazariego, M. L. Marquina-Fábrega, C. Reyes-Damián, R. Escamilla, R. Gómez, Jesús Arenas-Alatorre","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d01","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The green chemistry synthesis has acquired importance in recent years because of the avoidance of hazardous byproducts. In the present work, black ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a combustion green chemistry process using coffee extract as a reducer agent and stabilizer of the reaction. The preponderance size distribution of the black ZnO nanoparticles was found between 15 and 30 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows distorted regions from the atomic column, while the estimated energy band gap measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy is 2.22 eV, which is a 30% value below the typical band gap for bulk ZnO. XPS measurements display a shift in the binding energy of the black ZnO compared against commercial ZnO. From the experimental evidence, it is proposed that the black color of the zinc oxide was a consequence of vacancies in the ZnO structure. Vacancies in the structure were modeled theoretically by considering a variation in the Coulomb interaction between Zn – O atoms by applying the Hubbard + U DFT approximation. The theoretical electronic distribution of the vacant ZnO was compared with experimental results obtained by Raman, FTIR and the experimental profile of the valence band region. These results open the exploration of green synthesized black zinc oxide nanoparticles to many technological applications.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"54 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139441144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d02
Nawras Osman, Calvin A. Omolo, M. A. Gafar, Nikita Devnarain, Sanjeev Rambharose, U. H. Ibrahim, V. Fasiku, Thiru Govender
{"title":"Niosomes modified with a novel pH-responsive coating (mPEG-OA) enhance the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Nawras Osman, Calvin A. Omolo, M. A. Gafar, Nikita Devnarain, Sanjeev Rambharose, U. H. Ibrahim, V. Fasiku, Thiru Govender","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad1d02","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Surface functionalization of nanoparticles has shown potential in enhancing the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded nanosystems against drug-resistant bacteria. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize an acid-cleavable pH-responsive polymer from methoxy polyethylene glycol and oleylamine (mPEG-OA) to surface modify vancomycin (VCM)-loaded niosomes and to evaluate their antibacterial and anti-biofilm effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The novel mPEG-OA-coated niosomes were biocompatible, hemocompatible with size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 169.2 ± 1.6 nm, 0.21 ± 0.01 and -0.82 ± 0.22 mV, respectively. Under acidic conditions, mPEG-OA-coated niosomes exhibited a pH-responsive and sustained VCM release profile and in vitro antibacterial activity than non-coated niosomes and bare VCM. mPEG-OA-coated niosomes showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4 (p= 0,0119). The in vivo efficacy of mPEG-OA-coated niosomes in the BALB/c mice skin infection model showed a 9.9-fold reduction in MRSA load compared to bare VCM. Histomorphologically, the mPEG-OA-coated niosomes group displayed the lowest bacterial load, tissue swelling, and inflammation. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of novel pH-responsive mPEG-OA-derived polymer coating to enhance bacterial killing kinetics, and antibacterial and anti-biofilm efficacies over conventional antibiotic and non-functionalized nano delivery systems.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"70 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139440783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad04f8
Ponvijayakanthan L, Neeraj K. Jaiswal, Haranath Ghosh
{"title":"Structural and Electronic Properties of Novel BeN4/MgN4Nanoribbons","authors":"Ponvijayakanthan L, Neeraj K. Jaiswal, Haranath Ghosh","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad04f8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad04f8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Nanostructures of novel materials are capable of altering the properties of materials quite drastically. Recently discovered Dirac monolayer BeN 4 has drawn much attention since this Nitrogen-based material’s electronic structure is very similar to graphene. In this work, we have analyzed various possiblities of nanoribbons structures of MN 4 (M=Be, Mg) monolayer materials. We have proposed several possible geometries of BeN 4 and MgN 4 nanoribbon structures. More specifically, we have proposed armchair nanoribbons with three possible edge configurations as well as zigzag nanoribbons based on edge geometry. Owing to the changes in coordination environment of nanoribbon edge atoms, the resulting bonding characteristics gets altered at the edges, leading to interesting electronic properties. The electronic structures of these nanoribbons are quite different from monolayer and reveal fascinating edge states that exclusively depend on the edge configuration. Though the armchair nanoribbons are found to be metallic, the electronic structure of zigzag nanoribbons exhibits band gap which lead to huge tunability potential of the investigated nanostructures. Therefore, these nanoribbons can function both, metallic as well as semiconducting as required in device applications which can be tuned by modulating the material geometry.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"72 26","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135088207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0661
Deeksha Nagpal, Anup Singh, Ajay Vasishth, Manju Devi, Ved P Nayyar, Bhagwat P Maurya, Ashok Kumar
{"title":"Low temperature synthesis of BiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Mn<sub>0.4</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>nanostructures via citric acid and ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal process for energy storage applications","authors":"Deeksha Nagpal, Anup Singh, Ajay Vasishth, Manju Devi, Ved P Nayyar, Bhagwat P Maurya, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0661","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Present study reports the electrochemical behavior of BiNi 0.6 Mn 0.4 O 3 nanostructures synthesized via citric acid and ethylene glycol assisted hydrothermal process at low temperature calcination of 400 o C. Raman spectroscopy and Rietveld refinement have confirmed BiNi 0.6 Mn 0.4 O 3 to crystallize in tetragonal phase with <?CDATA $Pmathop{4}limits^{unicode{x00305}}$?> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent=\"true\"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>̅</mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> 2 1 c space group symmetry. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of ‘B’ cations, Ni and Mn in (+2) and (+4) oxidation states, respectively, which mainly contributed to faradaic reactions as observed in CV curves. The specific capacitance of BiNi 0.6 Mn 0.4 O 3 electrodes has been found to be ∼243 F g −1 at the current density of 1 A g −1 in a 6 M KOH aqueous solution. The nanostructured electrodes showed a cyclic stability of ∼70% after 4000 charge–discharge cycles at the current density of 6 A g −1 .","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135340576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural, morphological, optical and biomedical applications of Berberis aristata mediated ZnO and Ag-ZnO nanoparticles","authors":"Deepak Sharma, Ankush Chauhan, Ritesh Verma, Swati kumari, Pankaj Thakur, Ambrish K Mahajan, Vinod Kumar, Mamta Sharma","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad05e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad05e1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Herein, we prepared the zinc oxide (ZnO) and silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) using Berberis aristata plant extract as a reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the formation of pure hexagonal wurtzite structure for both the samples with P4mm space group. The crystallite size reduces from 21.313 nm to 18.179 nm with the Scherrer technique with doping of Ag ions on ZnO NPs, while the Williamson Hall (WH) approach likewise demonstrates a decrease in crystallite size from 26.602 nm to 21.522 nm. The lattice strain increases from 0.0031 to 0.0064, indicating the presence of Ag-ions in the crystal lattice of ZnO NPs. For both samples, the metal-oxygen bond formation is supported by the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra. For ZnO, the peak in the UV-visible spectrum is approximately around 365 nm, but for Ag-ZnO, two peaks are observed around 235 nm and 360 nm. With the Ag doping, the bandgap increases from 3.01 eV to 3.02 eV. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs show the formation of crystalline particles and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) pictures show the formation of aggregated NPs with a spherical shape. Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrate the chemical purity of both the samples. The antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs was highest against Staphylococcus aureus i.e., 15 ± 0.53 mm, whereas, for Ag-ZnO NPs the highest activity was against Salmonella typhi i.e., 19 ± 0.53 mm.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"2006 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0446
Negin Khosroshahi, Mahnaz Bakhtian, Ali Asadi, Vahid Safarifard
{"title":"Revolutionizing Energy Storage: The Emergence of MOF/MXene Composites as Promising Supercapacitors","authors":"Negin Khosroshahi, Mahnaz Bakhtian, Ali Asadi, Vahid Safarifard","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0446","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As the world becomes increasingly concerned with environmental preservation and the effects of fossil fuel consumption, it is essential to find new and innovative ways of providing energy. Supercapacitors are among the most promising devices for energy storage. Finding materials that can enhance their efficiency is still a major challenge. Research is currently underway to fabricate composite materials with specific properties that can improve the performance of supercapacitors. One class of materials that has shown great promise is MXenes, which are two-dimensional layers of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides of transition metals. These materials possess unique features such as high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and hydrophilic surfaces, which make them suitable for a range of electrochemical applications. Adding MXenes to metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or MOF derivatives has been shown to enhance the output yield of supercapacitors. MOFs are widely used in various energy systems because of their adjustable porosity and high surface area. The addition of MXenes can prevent the stacking of MXene sheets on top of each other, leading to improved results due to the synergistic effect. In particular, MOF/MXene composites have shown significant promise for use in supercapacitor applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in MOF/MXene composites, including their synthesis, properties, and potential applications. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities for future research in this field.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"45 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136018994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad05e0
Amit Kumar, Sang Sub Kim, Hyoun Woo Kim, Mahesh Kumar
{"title":"Printable Metal Oxide nanostructures based Chemiresistive Non-Biological Analyte Sensors","authors":"Amit Kumar, Sang Sub Kim, Hyoun Woo Kim, Mahesh Kumar","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad05e0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad05e0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Non-biological analyte sensing refers to the ability to detect and quantify various chemical and physical parameters present in the environment or biological samples that are not directly associated with biological entities such as cells, tissues, or organisms. The field of non-biological analyte sensing has its roots in the early detection of any analytes, and over the years, it has expanded to include a wide range of applications such as environmental monitoring, food safety, and medical diagnostics. This perspective focuses on current status, challenges and future prospects of metal oxide nanostructures based non-biological analyte sensors. In this context, the present review aims to delve into the intricate mechanisms, fabrication techniques, and applications of printable chemical sensors for non-biological analytes. Through a comprehensive exploration of the scientific advancements and technological breakthroughs in this domain, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the evolving landscape of printable chemical sensors and their pivotal role in modern analytical endeavours.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"15 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135365318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ExpressPub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/ad0168
Anđela Križan, Kevin Zimny, Alexandre GUYONNET, Emmanuel O. Idowu, Etienne DUGUET, Marie Plissonneau, Lauriane D'ALENCON, Thierry LE MERCIER, Mona Treguer-Delapierre
{"title":"Bimetallic copper-based nanowires and the means to create next-generation stable transparent electrodes","authors":"Anđela Križan, Kevin Zimny, Alexandre GUYONNET, Emmanuel O. Idowu, Etienne DUGUET, Marie Plissonneau, Lauriane D'ALENCON, Thierry LE MERCIER, Mona Treguer-Delapierre","doi":"10.1088/2632-959x/ad0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-959x/ad0168","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Metallic nanowire percolating networks are one of the promising alternatives to conventional transparent conducting electrodes. Among the conductive metals, copper appears as a relevant alternative to develop electrodes in a more sustainable and economical way (abundance of the supplies, geo-political risks regarding the supplies, environmental impact, and cost). However, Cu nanowires suffer from high instability in air, and one of the ways to increase stability as well as to boost properties related to transparent electrodes is to combine the Cu with another metal, resulting in bimetallic nanowires. Even though the field of fabrication of nanoalloys has been advancing at a rapid pace in the last two decades, binary nanowires are difficult to produce due to a wide range of parameters that must be aligned in regard to metals that are being combined, such as surface energy of the bulk metal, atomic radii, crystal lattice matching, redox potentials, etc. In this review, we present the current research landscape in making Cu-based bimetallic nanowires for the development of metal nanowire networks with high oxidation resistance. This analysis allows identifying the most promising bimetallic materials for obtaining highly efficient, robust, and cost-effective electrodes.","PeriodicalId":118165,"journal":{"name":"Nano Express","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135513662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}