e-Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of Flame Retardancy on Polyamide 6 Composites via Melamine Polyphosphate-Modified Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"Xuejun Shi, Xiangxiang Du, Xiaodong Zhao, Meiying Wang, Q. R. Liu, Bo Hong, Yongjun Han, Haoxuan Sun, Yuan Wei","doi":"10.3390/polym18050643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18050643","url":null,"abstract":"Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a widely employed additive-type flame retardant for polyamide 6. Generally, a higher loading of MPP leads to improved flame retardancy of polyamide 6 composites. Nevertheless, excessive addition tends to cause problems such as flame-retardant migration, leakage, and exudation. Against this background, this work focuses on covalently grafting melamine polyphosphate onto the surface of carbon nanotubes via a facile chemical reaction, with the aim of alleviating the migration and leakage of the flame retardant in the polyamide 6 matrix. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were surface modified with a silane coupling agent (KH560) to obtain CNTs bearing epoxy groups (CNT-KH560). Subsequently, a ring-opening addition reaction was conducted between the CNT-KH560 and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) yielding carbon nanotubes with surface-bonded flame-retardant MPP (CNTM). Polyamide 6 composite slices (PA6/CNTM) were prepared via twin-screw extrusion blending and compounding and then by hot-press molding into test specimens. The modified carbon nanotubes were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results confirmed the successful grafting of MPP onto the carbon nanotube surface, with a grafting degree of 9.1 g/100 g measured. The flame retardancy of the PA6/CNTM composites were evaluated through UL 94 vertical burning and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests and cone calorimeter. These flame retardancy results indicated that when the content of flame-retardant-modified carbon nanotubes was 10 wt%, the PA6/CNTM10 composites achieved UL 94 V-2 and the limiting oxygen index increased from 24.5% of pure PA6 to 29.1%. The PHRR value of pure PA6 decreased from 750 kW/m2 to 614 kW/m2. This design of surface-grafted flame retardant provides a new strategy for the preparation and application of high-performance polyamide 6 flame-retardant composites.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"18 5","pages":"643-643"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/18/5/643/pdf?version=1772780379","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobicity, UV resistance, and antioxidant properties of carnauba wax-reinforced CG bio-polymer film","authors":"Xueying Yang, W X Tian, Huanyang Yu","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0099","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the depletion of energy and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, bio-polymer films will become a possible alternative to plastic packaging in the future. However, further improvement is needed in the mechanical, waterproof, anti-ultraviolet (UV), and antioxidant properties of bio-polymer films. In this work, a novel bio-polymer film consisting of gelatin, chitosan, and carnauba wax was developed by crosslinking reactions and exhibited excellent performance with appropriate mechanical strength (tensile strength 10 MPa, breaking elongation 38%), excellent water resistance properties (the contact angle reached 124°), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability (69.1%) and can completely block UV rays. Consequently, carnauba wax/chitosan/gelatin film, as a new type of versatile film with excellent performance, will broaden the application of biobased polymer films in the packaging field.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/epoly-2024-0099/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of maleic anhydride-modified curcumin/PBAT composite film for food packaging","authors":"Xiaokai Wu, Dingbo Shu, Huang Sk, Chunping Yang, Bo Li, Shengnan Huang, LI Jian-jun, Xiaogang Yin","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0087","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) is popular due to its low cost, good biodegradability, and excellent mechanical properties. Maleic anhydride (SMA) can easily graft with curcumin (CUR), a substance known for its antibacterial and antioxidant properties, acting as a nucleating agent with high dispersibility, which has led to the successful production of the functional modifier CUR−SMA. This research involves the creation of PBAT composite films with various weight percentages of CUR−SMA (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9% w/w) using extrusion and blow molding techniques. The research chemically links CUR and SMA to form a robust and cohesive composite material. The study investigates the structure, mechanical properties, water vapor barrier capabilities, oxygen barrier properties, fracture morphologies, antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and biodegradability, as well as the freshness-preserving impact of the film. The composite shows an excellent effect, surpassing that of single-component blends, by minimizing CUR−SMA migration, enhancing mechanical properties, and increasing the barrier characteristics of composite films. The interaction between CUR−SMA and PBAT results in the formation of a cross-linked network structure through chain extension reactions. The tensile strength increased by 56%, from 17.5 to 27.3 MPa. The antioxidant activity reached up to 72.26%. The films exhibit significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus . The films retain the biodegradability of PBAT. The PBAT/CUR−SMA films have successfully enhanced the shelf life of oyster mushrooms, strawberries, and apples due to their strong antioxidant, antibacterial, and waterproof qualities.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/epoly-2024-0087/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc–gallic acid–polylysine nanocomplexes with enhanced bactericidal activity for the treatment of bacterial keratitis","authors":"Kaijun Li, Zhang Ya, Kaihui Cheng, Chengcheng Wu, Qiao Jin, Ling Yu","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bacterial keratitis is a common infectious eye disease. Conventional antibiotic eye drops are becoming less effective due to antibiotic resistance. Herein, we design an innovative transition metal ion-based nano-delivery system for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Zinc (Zn 2+ )–gallic acid–poly- l -lysine nanocomplex (ZGNC) is designed by coordination interaction. ZGNC is stable in a physiological environment and can be dissociated in an acidic infected microenvironment. The positively charged ZGNC can be effectively adhered onto bacterial cells and subsequently realizes in situ release of Zn 2+ , leading to much better bactericidal effect than free Zn 2+ . Importantly, ZGNC maintains excellent bactericidal activity in a protein-rich environment, while free Zn 2+ is completely invalid to eradicate bacteria in a protein-rich environment. The in vivo bactericidal ability of ZGNC is further confirmed in a murine bacterial keratitis model. This research provides a promising method to treat bacterial keratitis by a transition metal ion-based nano-delivery system.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/epoly-2024-0115/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heparin and zwitterion functionalized small-diameter vascular grafts for thrombogenesis prevention","authors":"Yuxin Tan, You Feng, Tiebin Yan, Chuanfeng Zang, Mei-Xian Li","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2025-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2025-0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vascular transplantation is a widely employed surgical approach for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, artificial vascular grafts exhibit high thrombogenicity. Consequently, developing grafts with enhanced antithrombotic properties represents a critical strategy for addressing CVD-related complications. In this study, double-layered vascular grafts were fabricated via electrospinning, featuring a polycaprolactone (PCL)/zwitterionic polyurethane (sulfobetaine polyurethane [SBPU]) inner layer and a pure PCL outer layer, followed by covalent heparin modification. Fiber surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Evaluations included contact angle measurement, mechanical testing, protein/platelet adsorption assays, cytotoxicity assessment, and degradation analysis to determine antithrombotic performance and biocompatibility. Results demonstrated that heparin-modified PCL containing 20 wt% SBPU (PCLH/SBPU20) exhibited exceptional hydrophilicity, potent antithrombotic effects, superior anti-protein adsorption, favorable anticoagulant properties, and non-cytotoxicity. Among all samples, PCLH/SBPU20 demonstrated optimal comprehensive performance, positioning it as a promising candidate for clinical vascular graft applications.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/epoly-2025-0041/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of 1,1′-Azobis(cyclohexanezonitrile) on the thermo-oxidative aging performance of diolefin elastomers","authors":"Quan Qin, Gui-Xiang Liu, Ji-Chong Wu, Wei-Xing Sun, Shuangquan Liao","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Diolefin elastomers play an important role in production and life, but their unsaturated structure leads to extreme vulnerability to heat and oxygen attack, so research into the aging of diolefin elastomers has been a hot spot in the industry. To overcome this limitation, a strategy based on the thermal decomposition of 1,1′-Azobis(cyclohexanezonitrile) (Azo) is devised, which forms stabilized compounds with imine groups during the heat process and captures radical. The diolefin elastomer was combined with azo, and isoprene rubber (IR) is chosen as a model material. Azo was added to IR to prepare the composite material (IR-Azo), and the thermo-oxidative resistance of the composite was significantly improved. Such as, after being exposed to thermo-oxidative conditions for 24 h, IR-Azo showed a tensile strength of 14.96 MPa with a retention rate of 68.25% which exceeded that of many traditional antioxidants. This study provides new insights into the development of elastomers with excellent thermo-oxidative resistance.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and characterization of novel copolymer gel particles for water-plugging applications","authors":"Ding-Jun Zhang, Mei-Ju Zhang, Zhan-Dong Luo, Sheng-Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-stage plugging represents a promising strategy for enhancing production and injection rates in medium-and low-permeability oilfields. Despite its potential, the efficacy of current plugging agents, particularly hydrophobically bonded water-soluble polyacrylamide-based gel microspheres, is hindered by notable drawbacks such as low stability and inadequate compressive strength. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of water plugging mechanisms coupled with the optimization of gel microsphere properties is essential for advancing the development of gel-based plugging agents with superior characteristics or intelligent regulatory capabilities. The P(AA-AM-[PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim) ionic liquid copolymerized gel particles were designed and synthesized by using microfluidic technique and titration gel method with AM, acrylic acid (AA), 1-vinylimidazole (Vim) and 1,3-propylsulfonyl lactone (PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>) as the raw materials. The morphology and structure of the copolymer gel particles were characterized, and the effects of [PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim and cross-linker content on the water-absorbing properties and strength of the gel particles were investigated. When the amount of [PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim was 12%, the concentration of crosslinker was 1.5%, and the temperature was 40°C, the water absorption capacity reached the maximum value of 163 g·g<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The strength of the P(AA–AM–[PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim) spherical gel particles was maximized at a [PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim content of 4%. Furthermore, the chemical and physical roles of the P(AA–AM–[PrSO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>]Vim) spherical gel particles were studied in a typical water-plugging environment. This study provides experimental data and a theoretical basis for the application of functional spherical gel-plugging particles in current oilfield environments.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive manufacturing (3D printing) technologies for fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials: A review on fabrication methods and process parameters","authors":"Manickam Ramesh, Kanakaraj Niranjana, Ramasamy Bhoopathi, Lakshminarasimhan Rajeshkumar","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2023-0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2023-0114","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) has seen extensive exploitation in the research areas for the processing of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs). Existing reviews on AM have recommended either sustainable production methods or have introduced new processing methodologies. A relationship between materials used, manufacturing processes, process parameters, and their properties is essential in any manufacturing process. Accordingly, this review focuses on the manufacturing of FRPCs in relation to process parameters and properties of the polymer composites. Various studies dealt with the lightweight materials and parts that were manufactured through AM and which could retain the mechanical and other properties without compromising the strength and weight of the final product. The technologies involved in the major AM processes and the constituents used for the fabrication of FRPC parts, their advantages, and drawbacks are also deliberated. This review combines the material selection for AM technologies along with the choice of proper AM technique for printing FRPCs. This review further illustrates the recent research and technology that aims at embracing FRPCs into a circular economy. In summary, this review opens the door for new opportunities and for meeting challenges in the manufacturing of FRPCs by AM methodologies.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of tannic acid chelating treatment on thermo-oxidative aging property of natural rubber","authors":"Chuanyu Wei, Tingting Zheng, Yuhang Luo, Changjin Yang, Yanchan Wei, Shuangquan Liao","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Metal ions are crucial in the production and preservation of fresh natural rubber latex. However, they also catalyze the thermo-oxidative aging of rubber products, leading to premature product degradation. This study investigates the use of tannic acid (TA) to chelate metal ions, thereby enhancing the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of natural rubber (NR). The findings indicate that NR treated with a 1.5 g·L<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> TA solution exhibits superior tensile strength, elongation at break, and crosslink density post-thermo-oxidative aging compared to untreated samples. Analysis of ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that TA’s resistance to thermo-oxidative aging stems from its ability to form stable chelates with metal ions, reducing their catalytic activity and mitigating oxidative degradation. Consequently, TA chelation treatment is proposed as an effective method to enhance the thermo-oxidative aging resistance of NR.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normal-hexane treatment on PET-based waste fiber depolymerization process","authors":"Woo Seok Cho, Joon Hyuk Lee, Da Yun Na, Sang Sun Choi","doi":"10.1515/epoly-2024-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2024-0054","url":null,"abstract":"The global increase in polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based waste fiber poses a persistent environmental risk. While efforts have been made to repurpose waste fibers into bags, clothing, and building materials, the depolymerization process to extract pure raw materials for recycling remains underdeveloped. This study investigates the impact of normal hexane treatment on the purity of terephthalic acid (TPA) recovered from wastewater containing sodium terephthalate, ethylene glycol, and impurities generated during polyester fabric weight reduction or waste fiber recycling processes. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the recovered TPA (rTPA) revealed a maximum purity of 99.81%, suggesting the effective removal of diverse contaminants such as adhesives and surfactants present in waste fibers through normal hexane and activated carbon treatments. This research contributes to the development of efficient and sustainable PET waste fiber recycling processes, highlighting the potential of normal hexane treatment in enhancing the purity of rTPA.","PeriodicalId":11806,"journal":{"name":"e-Polymers","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}