Equine veterinary journal. Supplement最新文献

{"title":"Adipose tissue-derived adiponectin expression is significantly associated with increased post operative mortality in horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery.","authors":"M J Packer,&nbsp;A J German,&nbsp;L Hunter,&nbsp;P Trayhurn,&nbsp;C J Proudman","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00404.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00404.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reasons for performing study: </strong>Adipose tissue is an important source of inflammatory cytokines (adipokines) and adiposity has been identified as having a significant effect on human morbidity and mortality. Obesity is also an emerging welfare problem in the UK horse population, but the role that it plays in secondary diseases is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the expression of inflammation-related adipokine genes in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery and to explore associations with adiposity and post operative survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retroperitoneal adipose tissue samples were obtained from 76 horses undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. Real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression for leptin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inhibitory factor, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and interleukin-1. Multivariate patterns of adipokine expression were explored with principal component analysis (PCA), whilst univariable associations with post operative survival were tested in a Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Leptin gene expression was higher in overweight and obese horses than in lean animals. Expression of mRNA encoding adiponectin mRNA in visceral adipose tissue was positively associated with increased post operative mortality (hazard ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.65). However, PCA did not demonstrate multivariable patterns of adipokine gene expression from visceral adipose tissue associated with body mass index or with survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In horses presented with acute intestinal disease, increased adiponectin gene expression from retroperitoneal adipose tissue is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Obesity assessed by BMI had no association with increased post operative mortality in horses with primary gastrointestinal disease.</p><p><strong>Potential relevance: </strong>Further study is warranted on the expression and effects of adipokines, particularly adiponectin, and correlation with postoperative outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00404.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30033904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of urine F2-isoprostane metabolite concentration in horses with colic and its potential use as a predictor for surgical intervention.","authors":"E Noschka,&nbsp;S R Werre,&nbsp;M V Crisman,&nbsp;C D Thatcher,&nbsp;G L Milne,&nbsp;L A Dahlgren","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00384.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00384.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reasons for performing study: </strong>F2-isoprostanes have been used extensively to quantify lipid peroxidation in association with risk factors in various diseases. Horses with colic may have intestinal ischaemia and/or inflammation characterised by oxidative stress and increased production of isoprostanes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To gather preliminary data regarding the feasibility of using urine F2-isoprostanes and isoprostane metabolites as early screening tools for the presence of gastrointestinal disease requiring surgical intervention in horses and ultimately develop a stall-side test capable of identifying these horses as early as possible for timely referral.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Concentrations of urine isoprostane and isoprostane metabolite were determined by mass spectroscopy and normalised to urine creatinine (Cr) concentrations in urine samples from 42 healthy control horses and 43 horses with gastrointestinal pain or colic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horses with colic were treated medically (n = 21) or surgically (n = 22). Mean ± s.d. concentrations of urine isoprostane and isoprostane metabolite were significantly higher in horses with colic (2.94 ± 1.69 and 0.31 ± 0.22 ng/mg Cr, respectively), compared to control horses (1.89 ± 1.39 and 0.22 ± 0.08 ng/mg Cr, respectively). Mean urine isoprostane metabolite concentrations were significantly higher in horses undergoing surgery (0.38 ± 0.28 ng/mg Cr) compared to controls and medical colics (0.26 ± 0.11 ng/mg Cr). Nonsurvivors had significantly higher mean urine isoprostane metabolite concentrations (0.47 ± 0.39 ng/mg Cr) than control or surviving colic horses (0.29 ± 0.24 ng/mg Cr).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Measurement of urine isoprostane metabolite concentration may be a useful prognostic indicator in equine colic.</p><p><strong>Potential relevance: </strong>Urine isoprostane metabolites may aid in early recognition of surgical colic. Isoprostanes are a potential therapeutic target to prevent further systemic and gastrointestinal tissue injury in horses with colic.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00384.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30033905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the equine intestine.","authors":"J F Marshall,&nbsp;A T Blikslager","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00398.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00398.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in the management of pain and endotoxaemia associated with colic in the horse. While NSAIDs effectively treat the symptoms of colic, there is evidence to suggest that their administration is associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects including right dorsal colitis and inhibition of mucosal barrier healing. Several studies have examined the pathophysiology of NSAID associated effects on the large and small intestine in an effort to avoid these complications and identify effective alternative medications. Differences in the response of the large and small intestines to injury and NSAID treatment have been identified. Flunixin meglumine has been shown in the small intestine to inhibit barrier function recovery and increase permeability to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A range of NSAIDs has been examined in the small intestine and experimental evidence suggests that those NSAIDs with cyclooxygenase independent anti-inflammatory effects or a COX-2 selective mode of action may offer significant advantages over traditional NSAIDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"140-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00398.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29890778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with survival of epiploic foramen entrapment colic: a multicentre, international study.","authors":"D C Archer,&nbsp;G L Pinchbeck,&nbsp;C J Proudman","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00409.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00409.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reasons for performing study: </strong>Epiploic foramen entrapment (EFE) has been associated with reduced post operative survival compared to other types of colic but specific factors associated with reduced long-term survival of these cases have not been evaluated in a large number of horses using survival analysis.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe post operative survival of EFE cases and to identify factors associated with long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, multicentre, international study was conducted using clinical data and long-term follow-up information for 126 horses diagnosed with EFE during exploratory laparotomy at 15 clinics in the UK, Ireland and USA. Descriptive data were generated and survival analysis performed to identify factors associated with reduced post operative survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the EFE cohort that recovered following anaesthesia, survival to hospital discharge was 78.5%. Survival to 1 and 2 years post operatively was 50.6 and 34.3%, respectively. The median survival time of EFE cases undergoing surgery was 397 days. Increased packed cell volume (PCV) and increased length of small intestine (SI) resected were significantly associated with increased likelihood of mortality when multivariable analysis of pre- and intraoperative variables were analysed. When all pre-, intra- and post operative variables were analysed separately, only horses that developed post operative ileus (POI) were shown to be at increased likelihood of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased PCV, increased length of SI resected and POI are all associated with increased likelihood of mortality of EFE cases. This emphasises the importance of early diagnosis and treatment and the need for improved strategies in the management of POI in order to reduce post operative mortality in these cases.</p><p><strong>Potential relevance: </strong>The present study provides evidence-based information to clinicians and owners of horses undergoing surgery for EFE about long-term survival. These results are applicable to university and large private clinics over a wide geographical area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00409.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29888299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex vivo comparison of three hand sewn end-to-end anastomoses in normal equine jejunum.","authors":"C Sherlock,&nbsp;W Lee,&nbsp;P O E Mueller,&nbsp;R Eggleston,&nbsp;K Epstein","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00423.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00423.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reasons for performing study: </strong>Although single layer techniques are preferred in man and small animals for small intestinal end-to-end anastomoses, double layer techniques are more popular in equine surgery. This study was undertaken to evaluate the ex vivo characteristics of 2 single layer anastomoses in comparison to the traditionally performed double layer anastomosis in equine jejunum.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare ex vivo: 1) construction time; 2) bursting pressure; and 3) lumen size reduction of 3 suture patterns (double layer simple continuous/Cushing pattern [2C]; single layer Lembert pattern [1L]; and single layer Cushing pattern [1C]) for end-to-end equine jejunojejunostomies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>End-to-end jejunojejunostomies were constructed using 2C (n = 7), 1L (n = 7) and 1C (n = 7) in harvested equine jejunum and construction times were recorded. Anastomosed and control segments were distended with gas until failure. Intraluminal pressure at failure and mode of failure were recorded. Lumen size reduction was calculated as a percentage decrease from control jejunum. Results were compared using an ANOVA and P<0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 1C anastomoses were faster to construct than the 1L anastomoses, which were faster to construct than the 2C anastomoses. There were no differences in bursting pressures between the different anastomoses and control jejunum. All anastomoses decreased lumen size from control values but there were no differences in lumen reduction between types of anastomoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single layer anastomoses are faster to construct than double layer anastomoses, with the 1C being fastest. Single layer anastomoses are as strong and result in comparable lumen size reduction as traditional 2C anastomoses.</p><p><strong>Potential relevance: </strong>As the 1C anastomosis results in less exposed potentially adhesiogenic suture material than the 1L while providing adequate strength and similar luminal size reduction, the 1C may be better for equine small intestine anastomosis and further in vivo studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"76-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00423.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29888302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of pasture and stable management on large intestinal motility in the horse, measured using transcutaneous ultrasonography.","authors":"S Williams,&nbsp;C A Tucker,&nbsp;M J Green,&nbsp;S L Freeman","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00399.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00399.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reason for performing study: </strong>Management regimes have been identified as risk factors for equine intestinal motility disorders. However, it is not known how management factors affect gastrointestinal motility.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Large intestinal motility was similar in horses on a stabled and a pastured management regime.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of 2 different management regimes on large intestinal motility assessed with ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A within-subjects crossover design was used to compare large intestinal motility between a stabled and a pastured regime in 16 working horses. Group A was managed under a standardised stabled regime throughout the study. Group B was maintained at pasture for the first monitoring phase and then transferred to the stabled regime for the second monitoring phase. Motility of the caecum, sternal flexure and aboral left ventral colon (contractions/min) was measured twice daily for 2 consecutive days using transcutaneous ultrasonography. Mean values for each management regime were pooled for analysis using multilevel statistical modelling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant variables identified by the model included: time of day, region of intestine, management regime, and combination of region of intestine and management regime. Motility assessed by ultrasound was significantly lower in stabled horses compared to pasture-kept horses. Intestinal motility for caecum was 1.7 ± 0.3 contractions/min (pastured = 2.0, stabled = 1.4), sternal flexure was 1.6 ± 0.2 contractions/min (mean (pastured = 1.7, stabled = 1.5), and left ventral colon was 0.8 ± 0.3 contractions/min (pastured = 1.0, stabled = 0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The null hypothesis was disproven. Large intestinal motility assessed by ultrasound was significantly reduced in stabled horses compared to pastured horses. This effect was most marked in the aboral left ventral colon.</p><p><strong>Potential relevance: </strong>This study has demonstrated a possible mechanism for the increased risk of large intestinal impactions in stabled horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"93-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00399.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29888305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special issue dedicated to Professor G. Berrie Edwards.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"1-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30491442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An update on cyathostomins: anthelmintic resistance and diagnostic tools.","authors":"C H Stratford,&nbsp;B C McGorum,&nbsp;K J Pickles,&nbsp;J B Matthews","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00397.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00397.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyathostomins represent a potential cause of equine morbidity and have become the main focus of endoparasite control in managed horses. All grazing horses are at risk of infection with cyathostomins; therefore, the application of appropriate management measures is essential. Anthelmintics currently comprise the main method of control for equine nematodes and the ready availability of these products in some countries has resulted in their use becoming dissociated from veterinary involvement. This is concerning given the levels of anthelmintic resistance that have been recorded in cyathostomin populations. It is important that veterinarians re-establish control over the implementation of parasite control programmes, a major objective of which should be the preservation of anthelmintic efficacy. This article details the principles of cyathostomin control in horses with particular reference to anthelmintic resistance, and the use and interpretation of diagnostic tests for detecting cyathostomins and identifying anthelmintic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"133-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00397.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29890777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple small intestinal pseudodiverticula associated with lymphoma in three horses.","authors":"T S Mair,&nbsp;G R Pearson,&nbsp;T J Scase","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00380.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00380.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three mature horses presented with progressive weight loss, inappetence, ventral abdominal oedema and lethargy. Two of the animals had intermittent signs of low grade abdominal pain. At presentation, all 3 had hypoalbuminaemia; 2 had hyperfibrinogenaemia and the other had neutrophilia. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 2 cases, both of which demonstrated impaired glucose absorption. One pony treated with corticosteroids failed to improve and developed peritonitis and was subjected to euthanasia after 2 weeks. One pony had small intestinal biopsies obtained via a standing flank laparotomy, which revealed a mainly mononuclear cell infiltrate of the mucosa. It failed to respond to treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids and, after 2 months, developed sternal oedema in addition to the ventral abdominal oedema and peritonitis and was subjected to euthanasia. The remaining pony deteriorated despite symptomatic therapy and was subjected to euthanasia after one week. At post mortem examination, all 3 animals had multifocal lesions of small intestinal wall thickening, mucosal ulceration, pseudodiverticula and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. One pony also had a multinodular mass at the root of the mesentery, a mediastinal mass and a lung mass. Histological examination confirmed the presence of lymphoma of the intestinal wall at post mortem examination in each case and immunohistochemistry (including retrospective evaluation of the intestinal biopsies obtained from the pony that underwent a flank laparotomy) indicated that the lymphomas were of T cell origin.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"128-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00380.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29890776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of flunixin meglumine on the recovery of ischaemic equine colonic mucosa in vitro.","authors":"A J Morton,&nbsp;A Grosche,&nbsp;S A Matyjaszek,&nbsp;M M R Polyak,&nbsp;D E Freeman","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00382.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00382.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Reasons for performing study: </strong>The effects of prostaglandins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on repair of equine intestinal mucosa are important since most horses with gastrointestinal diseases are routinely treated with NSAIDs, such as flunixin meglumine (FM), and these drugs can be toxic to equine gastrointestinal mucosa.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Flunixin meglumine would not affect recovery of equine colonic mucosa in vitro, 18 h after a reversible ischaemic injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 14 anaesthetised horses, a segment of pelvic flexure was subjected to 2 h of ischaemia and the horses were allowed to recover for 18 h. Seven horses received normal saline and 7 received FM, 1.1 mg/kg bwt i.v., at the end of ischaemia and 12 h later. Colonic mucosa was harvested during a second anaesthesia, 18 h after recovery from ischaemia and then horses were subjected to euthanasia. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and transepithelial flux of tritiated mannitol were used to measure mucosal permeability during 4 h of incubation in Ussing chambers, with the following in vitro treatments: 1) no addition, 2) FM 14 µmol/l as powder, 3) FM 14 µmol/l in injectable form and 4) diluent for injectable FM. Histomorphological changes were assessed by light microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in any of the measurements between saline and FM treated horses. The mucosal height of the ischaemic FM tissues incubated in diluent was significantly decreased compared to the nonischaemic tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Flunixin meglumine did not adversely affect barrier integrity in ischaemic equine colonic mucosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":" 39","pages":"112-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00382.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29890773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}