Equine veterinary journal. Supplement最新文献_第10页

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1995-09-01

J D Bonagura, K J Blissitt

{"title":"Echocardiography.","authors":"J D Bonagura, K J Blissitt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Echocardiography encompasses a number of specific imaging techniques. The two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram is used to identify lesions of the heart and great vessels, assess myocardial function and provide a template for guiding contrast echocardiography, colour-coded Doppler echocardiography and spectral Doppler studies. M-mode echocardiography is used to measure cardiac size and ventricular function and can be combined with contrast or colour-coded Doppler studies for accurate timing of flow events. Pulsed wave and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography display the direction and velocity of red blood cells within the heart and circulation. Continuous wave Doppler studies are used to calculate pressure gradients in the circulation. Any of the Doppler techniques can be used to identify abnormal or high velocity flow responsible for pathologic heart murmurs. Each Doppler format is complementary to the others: colour-coded Doppler is used to screen large areas for flow disturbances; pulsed wave Doppler can pinpoint regions of abnormal flow; and continuous wave Doppler quantifies the maximal velocities of blood flow across cardiac lesions. Echocardiographic studies are very useful for the diagnosis and assessment of horses with cardiac murmurs, arrhythmias, and poor exercise performance. A number of cardiac disorders can be evaluated by echocardiography, including: cardiac malformation, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, bacterial endocarditis, pericardial effusion, and congestive heart failure. When combined with a careful clinical examination, exercise evaluation and results of electrocardiography, the echocardiogram provides the best overall clinical assessment of the equine heart.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19898545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular effects of dopexamine HCl in conscious and halothane-anaesthetised horses. 多巴胺HCl对清醒和氟烷麻醉马的心血管影响。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1992-02-01

W W Muir

引用次数: 0

A device and technique for gastrointestinal lavage in the horse. 马胃肠冲洗的一种装置和技术。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05665.x

G A Beroza

{"title":"A device and technique for gastrointestinal lavage in the horse.","authors":"G A Beroza","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05665.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05665.x","url":null,"abstract":"A device and technique for intra-operative gastro-intestinal lavage was developed to remove ingesta from the stomach, large intestine and caecum of horses. The Gastro-Intestinal Lavage System (GILS) is composed of a nozzle connected to both water under pressure and suction. Water jets across an intake portal in the nozzle, breaks up food and debris within the nozzle and is evacuated under negative pressure into the aspirating tube which is connected to a collection drum. The GILS nozzle was introduced at the pelvic flexure through a sterile enterotomy cuff and plastic sleeve. Water was first added through the GILS nozzle to mix intestinal ingesta to form a slurry and then the effluent was evacuated into the storage container by engaging the vacuum. Comparisons of this technique were made with the standard garden hose lavage technique. The GILS enables removal of 8.1 kg of large intestinal ingesta in less than 20 mins. Cleansing of the large bowel with the GILS was rapid, complete and a contamination free procedure which should prove applicable and beneficial for surgical treatment of small colonic, caecal, rectal and gastric impactions as well as sand colic and colonic torsions.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05665.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20066066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antagonism of endotoxin-induced disruption of equine bowel motility by flunixin and phenylbutazone. 氟尼辛和苯丁酮拮抗内毒素诱导的马肠动力紊乱。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05653.x

J N King, E L Gerring

{"title":"Antagonism of endotoxin-induced disruption of equine bowel motility by flunixin and phenylbutazone.","authors":"J N King, E L Gerring","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05653.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05653.x","url":null,"abstract":"Post operative ileus is a serious complication of abdominal surgery in horses and there is evidence that endotoxin plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. Pre-treatment with intravenous (i.v.) flunixin (1.1 mg/kg bodyweight [bwt]) or phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg bwt) significantly antagonised the acute disruption of gastric, small intestinal and large intestinal motility induced by 0.1 microgram/kg bwt i.v. endotoxin in ponies implanted with gastrointestinal strain gauges. Phenylbutazone was more effective than flunixin and this was significant (P < 0.01) for the stomach and left dorsal colon. Both drugs reduced the acute systemic side-effects of the endotoxin and flunixin was slightly more effective than phenylbutazone in antagonising the cardiovascular effects. These results suggest that the acute effects of endotoxin on bowel motility are mediated at least in part by a cyclooxygenase dependent pathway. Flunixin and phenylbutazone showed a relative selectivity for the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal effects of endotoxin, respectively. Phenylbutazone may be of use clinically in acute colic cases, antagonising the disruptive effects of endotoxin on bowel motility, without entirely blocking the cardiovascular effects which can indicate that the patient has a condition requiring surgery.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05653.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20066119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 75

Effects of diet and feeding on postprandial serum gastrin and insulin concentration in adult horses. 饲粮和采食对成年马餐后血清胃泌素和胰岛素浓度的影响。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05657.x

G B Smyth, D W Young, L S Hammond

{"title":"Effects of diet and feeding on postprandial serum gastrin and insulin concentration in adult horses.","authors":"G B Smyth, D W Young, L S Hammond","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05657.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05657.x","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrin is the only hormone known to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid. It also has trophic effects on specific parts of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. Using radioimmunoassay techniques, postprandial serum gastrin and insulin concentrations were measured in six adult horses to establish effects of different diets on gastrin concentrations. Insulin concentrations were measured to provide support to the patterns of gastrin secretion because patterns of insulin secretion were already known. The horses were fed coastal bermuda hay, or twice daily 5 kg of a complete pelleted ration, 5 kg of commercial sweet feed or 5 kg of the sweet feed together with hay. There was little change in serum gastrin or insulin concentrations after feeding hay alone. Rations containing more readily available nutrients (pellets, sweet feed) produced significant increases in postprandial serum gastrin and insulin concentrations. Gastrin concentrations also varied according to the duration of feeding each diet, but this was not seen with insulin. These results indicated that gastrin secretion, and therefore possibly gastric acid secretion, were markedly influenced by dietary composition and duration of feeding a diet. There appeared to be some adaptation of the stomach (gastrin secretion) to changes in diet, but this was not accompanied by indications of adaptation in the endocrine pancreas (insulin secretion).","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05657.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20066123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Regional gastric pH measurement in horses and foals. 马和马驹局部胃pH值测定。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05660.x

M J Murray, C Grodinsky

{"title":"Regional gastric pH measurement in horses and foals.","authors":"M J Murray, C Grodinsky","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05660.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05660.x","url":null,"abstract":"The pH of the gastric mucosal surface and gastric content was measured in 18 foals (mean age: 20 days) and 27 horses (mean age: 2.9 years) with a pH electrode passed through an endoscope biopsy channel. A reference electrode was attached to a shaved area on the neck. pH Measurements of the gastric mucosal surface at the dorsal squamous fundus (SF), squamous mucosa adjacent to the margo plicatus (MP), glandular fundus (GF) and the fluid or feed contents of the stomach were recorded in duplicate for each animal. In adult horses, the SF pH was greatest (5.46 +/- 1.82), with a decreasing pH ventrally toward the MP (4.12 +/- 1.62), to the glandular fundic mucosa (3.09 +/- 1.90), and fluid contents (2.72 +/- 1.86). The differences in pH at each site within the stomach were significant (P < 0.05). In foals, mean pH measurement of the SF was 4.88 +/- 1.30, the MP was 4.92 +/- 1.29, the GF was 2.10 +/- 1.45, milk and fluid contents was 1.85 +/- 0.53 (six foals), and feed contents was 3.39 +/- 1.77 (12 foals). The pH of the SF and MP were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of feed contents, which was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the glandular mucosal surface and fluid contents. The results indicate a dorsal to ventral pH gradient of the gastric mucosal surface in adult horses, and that gastric acid secretion is competent in young foals.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05660.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20066060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 46

Protection of yearling ponies against Strongylus vulgaris by foalhood vaccination. 小马驹接种预防寻常型圆线虫的研究。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05645.x

T R Klei, D D French, M R Chapman, J R McClure, V A Dennis, H W Taylor, G W Hutchinson

{"title":"Protection of yearling ponies against Strongylus vulgaris by foalhood vaccination.","authors":"T R Klei, D D French, M R Chapman, J R McClure, V A Dennis, H W Taylor, G W Hutchinson","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05645.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05645.x","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term efficacy of an irradiation attenuated larval (L3) vaccine against Strongylus vulgaris was tested in ponies which were reared on pasture. Prior to foaling, mares were divided into two groups. One group of mares and foals received regular (eight weekly) treatment with ivermectin and the second group remained untreated. Half the foals in each pasture group were vaccinated at eight to ten weeks of age. Foals were weaned at three to four months of age and maintained on separate pastures. At eight to ten months of age, ponies were placed in box stalls and half of each treatment group were challenged with S. vulgaris (5 x 1000 L3). Clinical signs and lesions typical of acute verminous arteritis were found at necropsy in the ivermectin treated non-vaccinated challenged yearlings. Ivermectin treated vaccinated challenged yearlings did not show these clinical signs, had markedly reduced to absent arterial lesions and showed an 89 per cent reduction in arterial larval burdens post mortem. Significant differences in clinical signs, arterial lesions or arterial larval burdens were not seen between vaccinated and non-vaccinated foals reared without benefit of ivermectin treatment.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05645.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20067001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

The in vivo biodynamic properties of the intact equine linea alba. 完整马白线的体内生物动力学特性。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05666.x

C A Kirker-Head, P J Kerwin, R R Steckel, C T Rubin

{"title":"The in vivo biodynamic properties of the intact equine linea alba.","authors":"C A Kirker-Head, P J Kerwin, R R Steckel, C T Rubin","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05666.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05666.x","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid metal strain gauges (LMSG) were implanted surgically at three locations on the intact linea alba (LA) in eight horses. LA strain, strain rate, change in strain and stress were recorded during general anaesthesia, recovery from anaesthesia, standing, vocalisation, rectal palpation and at the walk, trot and canter. LA stress was quantitated using an in vitro tensiometric technique. Stress-strain responses differed significantly (P < 0.05) with location, but each described a characteristic relationship for viscoelastic tissues. Maximum peak stress, peak strain and change in strain occurred during anaesthetic recovery. Maximum strain rate occurred at the canter. An abdominal bandage provided no consistent change in strain magnitude. The caudal LA experienced greater stress and strain than the cranial LA. LA strain varied cyclically with cadence. It was concluded that: LMSGs provide a suitable technique for recording LA biodynamics; the dynamic properties of the LA are not homogenous throughout its length; the LA is suited to accommodate the rapid acceleration/deceleration forces associated with strenuous activity which might otherwise cause injury to abdominal viscera; and LA resultant strain alters significantly with phase of stride. It was implied that the likelihood of incisional dehiscence is reduced by minimising exercise and rectal palpation post operatively. The data will permit a more accurate representation of physiological conditions for future laboratory studies.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05666.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20066067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Observations on the colic motor complex in a pony with a small intestinal obstruction. 小肠梗阻小马绞痛运动复合体的观察。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05654.x

J N King, E L Gerring

引用次数: 13

Plasma endotoxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine subjects. 实验和临床马的血浆内毒素浓度。

Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Pub Date : 1989-06-01 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05650.x

J F Fessler, G D Bottoms, G L Coppoc, S Gimarc, H S Latshaw, J K Noble

{"title":"Plasma endotoxin concentrations in experimental and clinical equine subjects.","authors":"J F Fessler, G D Bottoms, G L Coppoc, S Gimarc, H S Latshaw, J K Noble","doi":"10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05650.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05650.x","url":null,"abstract":"Endotoxin (LPS) was quantitated in experimental subjects and in horses with naturally occurring gastrointestinal strangulation obstruction and/or septicaemic diseases to establish the fate of LPS and the clinical usefulness of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay. The assay was validated for sensitivity (10 pg/ml), recovery (90 to 106 per cent), intra-assay precision (CV = 5.5 per cent) inter-assay precision (CV = 11 per cent), and stability of diluted, heat treated, frozen samples (at least 90 days). Plasma concentrations of LPS after sublethal (3 micrograms/kg) jugular or portal vein bolus injections of LPS rose to 4000 pg/ml and 1500 pg/ml respectively followed by a rapid phase of clearance. Peak plasma concentrations of LPS, associated with slow portal infusion, were lower than peak values associated with bolus injections, remained elevated during the infusion (2 h), but rapidly decreased after infusion was stopped. Thirty seven horses with 38 episodes of naturally occurring gastrointestinal or septicaemic disease were assayed for LPS. Eight episodes involving gastrointestinal disease and eight involving septicaemic disease were positive for LPS. It is concluded that the LAL assay is sensitive and reliable for detecting LPS in equine plasma and it may have clinical value for establishing the severity of endotoxaemia or for distinguishing between septic and non-septic conditions. Problems of rapid clearance of LPS from plasma, low concentrations, the possibility of sample contamination, and the time and method of sample procurement remain to be addressed.","PeriodicalId":11801,"journal":{"name":"Equine veterinary journal. Supplement","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1989.tb05650.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20067003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79