超声心动图。

J D Bonagura, K J Blissitt
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引用次数: 0

摘要

超声心动图包括许多特定的成像技术。二维(2-D)超声心动图用于识别心脏和大血管病变,评估心肌功能,并为指导超声造影、彩色编码多普勒超声心动图和频谱多普勒研究提供模板。m型超声心动图用于测量心脏大小和心室功能,并可与对比或彩色编码多普勒研究相结合,以准确确定血流事件的时间。脉冲波和连续波多普勒超声心动图显示心脏和循环中红细胞的方向和速度。连续波多普勒研究用于计算环流中的压力梯度。任何一种多普勒技术都可以用来鉴别引起病理性心脏杂音的异常或高速血流。每种多普勒格式都是互补的:彩色编码多普勒用于筛选大面积的流动干扰;脉冲波多普勒可以精确定位血流异常区域;连续波多普勒测量心脏病变处的最大血流速度。超声心动图的研究是非常有用的诊断和评估马的心脏杂音,心律失常,和不良的运动表现。超声心动图可以评估许多心脏疾病,包括:心脏畸形、瓣膜性心脏病、心肌病、细菌性心内膜炎、心包积液和充血性心力衰竭。当结合仔细的临床检查、运动评估和心电图结果时,超声心动图提供了马心脏的最佳整体临床评估。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Echocardiography.

Echocardiography encompasses a number of specific imaging techniques. The two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiogram is used to identify lesions of the heart and great vessels, assess myocardial function and provide a template for guiding contrast echocardiography, colour-coded Doppler echocardiography and spectral Doppler studies. M-mode echocardiography is used to measure cardiac size and ventricular function and can be combined with contrast or colour-coded Doppler studies for accurate timing of flow events. Pulsed wave and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography display the direction and velocity of red blood cells within the heart and circulation. Continuous wave Doppler studies are used to calculate pressure gradients in the circulation. Any of the Doppler techniques can be used to identify abnormal or high velocity flow responsible for pathologic heart murmurs. Each Doppler format is complementary to the others: colour-coded Doppler is used to screen large areas for flow disturbances; pulsed wave Doppler can pinpoint regions of abnormal flow; and continuous wave Doppler quantifies the maximal velocities of blood flow across cardiac lesions. Echocardiographic studies are very useful for the diagnosis and assessment of horses with cardiac murmurs, arrhythmias, and poor exercise performance. A number of cardiac disorders can be evaluated by echocardiography, including: cardiac malformation, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, bacterial endocarditis, pericardial effusion, and congestive heart failure. When combined with a careful clinical examination, exercise evaluation and results of electrocardiography, the echocardiogram provides the best overall clinical assessment of the equine heart.

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