Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Inflammation and response to bacterial infection as potential drivers of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A proteomics insight","authors":"Anders Jensen, Emily J. Clarke, Zoe Nugent, Emily Paice, Iris Gringel, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, Guido Rocchigiani, Andrew J. Peffers, Lee Cooper, Mandy J. Peffers","doi":"10.1111/evj.14469","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14469","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Equine dental diseases significantly impact a horse's overall health, performance and quality of life. They can result in secondary infections and digestive disturbances, potentially leading to colic. A recently described disease affecting the incisors of horses is equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH). Understanding EOTRH is crucial for early diagnosis, effective management and prevention of its severe consequences.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine proteomic differences in incisor cementum in horses with and without clinical EOTRH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comparative and observational clinical study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Teeth were extracted (<i>N</i> = 5) and cementum was isolated using a diamond wire. Proteins were extracted using an optimised sequential workflow, and trypsin was digested for mass spectrometry. Protein identification and label-free quantification were undertaken.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total 1149 unique proteins were detected in cementum across all samples. We identified four proteins exclusively in EOTRH-affected cementum. EOTRH samples showed a higher heterogeneity than healthy samples. In total, 54 proteins were increased in EOTRH, and 64 proteins were reduced (adjusted <i>p</i>-value <0.05). Inflammatory proteins, such as cathepsin G (<i>p</i> = 0.004), neutrophil elastase (<i>p</i> = 0.003), bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (<i>p</i> = 0.002), azurocidin (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and lactotransferrin (<i>p</i> = 0.002) were all increased in EOTRH. Pathway analysis revealed that antimicrobial peptides (<i>Z</i> score 2.65, <i>p</i> = 1.93E−09) and neutrophil degranulation (<i>Z</i>-score 1.89, <i>p</i> = 1.7E−04) were commonly up-regulated canonical pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample size was limited. Lack of age-matched healthy controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EOTRH leads to biochemical changes within the cementum proteome, which are important in explaining the physiological changes occurring in disease. Differentially abundant proteins may represent promising biomarkers for ear","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"977-990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterisation of temporal abundance of microRNAs in synovial fluid from an experimental equine model of osteoarthritis","authors":"Marie Walters, Kerstin Skovgaard, Peter M. H. Heegaard, Yongxiang Fang, Yalda A. Kharaz, Louise Bundgaard, Lene T. Skovgaard, Henrik E. Jensen, Pia H. Andersen, Mandy J. Peffers, Stine Jacobsen","doi":"10.1111/evj.14456","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MicroRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, serve as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and are present in a stable and quantifiable form in biological fluids. MicroRNAs may influence intra-articular responses and the course of disease, but very little is known about their temporal changes in osteoarthritis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify miRNAs and characterise the temporal changes in their abundance in SF from horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis. We hypothesised that the abundance of miRNA would change during disease progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vivo experiments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>RNA extracted from synovial fluid obtained sequentially (Day 0, 28 and 70) from nine horses with experimentally induced osteoarthritis was subjected to small RNA sequencing using the Illumina Hiseq 4000 sequencing platform. Differentially abundant miRNAs underwent further validation and mapping of temporal abundance (Day 0, 14, 17, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63 and 70 days after osteoarthritis induction) by microfluidic reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to predict potential biological associations and target genes of the differentially abundant microRNAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small RNA sequencing revealed 61 differentially abundant microRNAs at an early osteoarthritis stage (Day 28), and subsequent reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated 20 of these. Significant biological functions of the differentially abundant microRNAs were apoptosis, necrosis, cell proliferation and cell invasion. Following validation, four microRNAs (miRNA-199b-3p, miRNA-139-5p, miRNA-1839 and miRNA-151-5p) were detected in more than 50% of the synovial fluid samples and had higher abundance in osteoarthritic than in control joints.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Limited sample size.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is the first study to determine longitudinal changes in synovial fluid microRNA abundance in an equine model of osteoarthritis. Larger studies are needed in naturally occurrin","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"1138-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFHA Global Summit of Equine Safety and Technology: Fracture prediction and prevention","authors":"Victoria A. Colgate, Christopher M. Riggs, The FRAT Group II","doi":"10.1111/evj.14458","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14458","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 2","pages":"290-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of race and training-related musculoskeletal injuries by track and location in Thoroughbred and Arabian racehorses","authors":"İsmail Gökçe Yildirim, Solmaz Karaarslan, Atacan Erkan","doi":"10.1111/evj.14457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14457","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Musculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are a major concern in the horse racing industry, often leading to career-ending outcomes. Contributing factors include conformation, limb and joint defects, hoof structure, age, and hard track surfaces.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of MSI in Thoroughbred and Arabian racehorses during racing and training, categorised by breed and track surface.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective cohort study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The data from 2018 to 2023 were collected at the Turkish Jockey Club's Şirinyer Hippodrome (38°23′03.7″ N 27°09′01.0″ E), covering 553 MSI cases. The distribution of MSI, categorised by track surface and race/training, was evaluated using a 2 × 3 Pearson chi-square analysis and a post hoc <i>Z</i>-test. MSI occurrences during racing and training were examined based on breed and track surface by gender, age, category, location, and impact on the horses' racing career, was calculated using descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency and percentage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The majority of MSI occurred between June and September, the summer and dry period in the northern hemisphere. The 553 MSI cases included 45.3% fractures, 40.3% tendon injuries, 9.8% bone fissure. Distribution of MSI occurring during races and training according to track surface in Thoroughbred and Arabian horses had significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Among Thoroughbreds, injuries were most common at 2- and 3-year-old, while in Arabians, they were most frequent at 3- and 4-year-old. The highest prevalence of MSI occurred in the forelimbs during racing, affecting 91.3% of Thoroughbreds and 92.7% of Arabians, with a particular focus on the carpal joint and its distal structures. MSI ended the racing careers of 66.3% of Thoroughbreds and 46.4% of Arabians.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study relied on routinely recorded hospital data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fractures predominated in Thoroughbreds, particularly on dirt tracks, while tendon injuries were common in Arabians across both surfac","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"878-888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic calcinosis in horses: Pathological and genetic aspects","authors":"Guilherme Carvalho Serena,&nbsp;Manoela Marchezan Piva,&nbsp;Matheus Viezzer Bianchi,&nbsp;Helena Carolina Fernandes da Fonseca,&nbsp;Rayane Chitolina Pupin,&nbsp;Roberta Martins Basso,&nbsp;Alexandre Secorun Borges,&nbsp;Marcelo Monteiro Nunes,&nbsp;David Driemeier,&nbsp;Welden Panziera,&nbsp;José Paes Oliveira-Filho,&nbsp;Danilo Carloto Gomes,&nbsp;Saulo Petinatti Pavarini","doi":"10.1111/evj.14464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In horses, systemic calcinosis is a rare syndrome characterised by muscle lesion associated with the mineralisation of large muscle groups or other organs, in the absence of an alternative cause for the calcification, such as toxic, enzootic or metabolic. Molecular and histopathological aspects of the disease are still poorly elucidated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the epidemiological, pathological and molecular aspects of systemic calcinosis in a convenience sample of six horses submitted to necropsy in the Southern and Midwestern regions of Brazil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Retrospective exploratory study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-mortem necropsy records of six horses with a cause of death compatible with systemic calcinosis, were reviewed followed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, microbiology and molecular investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The affected horses were all Quarter Horses with a mean age of 16.8 months, and an average disease course of 15.5 days. Muscle necrosis and mononuclear infiltration were observed in all animals in association with mineral deposition variably affecting the muscle tissue and/or other organs such as heart, lung and kidney. All tested animals (5/6) showed positive PCR results for the E321G <i>MYH1</i> gene variant, which encodes the heavy chain of fast-contracting skeletal muscle myosin and is associated with myopathy. Three horses demonstrated positive immunostaining for <i>Streptococcus equi</i>, which is a known trigger for immune responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study was limited by the small sample size, molecular evaluation was not completed in one animal due to technical limitations, lack of pre-mortem evaluation of calcium metabolism and lack of accurate descriptions in the necropsy reports of involvement of each muscle individually.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In horses, systemic calcinosis syndrome causes immune-mediated muscle lesions in association with calcification of organs and tissues, varying greatly among animals. The E321G <i>MYH1</i> variant was present in all horses tested for the variant and could be involved in the pathophysiology of systemic calcinosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"1017-1027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soft palate angle and basihyoid depth increase with tongue size and with body condition score in horses","authors":"Alison M. Talbot,&nbsp;Hannah Shanks-Boon,&nbsp;Christopher M. Baldwin,&nbsp;Harriet Barnes,&nbsp;Thomas W. Maddox","doi":"10.1111/evj.14445","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14445","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Obesity has been associated with human obstructive sleep apnoea and canine brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. The effect of body condition score (BCS) on structures of the oropharynx, nasopharynx and upper airway of the horse has not been investigated.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To investigate the effect of BCS on tongue measurements, soft palate angle and basihyoid depth in horses.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Computed tomographic (CT) images of the head of 58 horses were assessed. DICOM viewing software was used to measure head length, basihyoid-skin depth, soft palate angle (SPA), midline tongue area, dorsoventral height (DVH) of the tongue in two locations and head angle. BCS were assigned during CT examinations. Associations between measurements were tested and following initial calculations, further associations with tongue measurements as a ratio of head length were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;For initial measurements, 44 horses met the inclusion criteria. Addition of head length ratios to tongue measurements resulted in 24 of 44 horses meeting the inclusion criteria for the second set of calculations. Increased BCS led to an increased mean SPA (mean difference = 2.56&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt; &lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;°&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02) and increased median basihyoid depth (mean difference = 0.246 cm; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006). Following adjustments made for the effect of head length on tongue measures, significant correlation was identified between SPA and tongue area (Spearman's &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.544; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.007); SPA and DVH of the tongue at the level of the hard palate (Spearman's &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.562; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004) and SPA and DVH of the tongue at the lingual process of the basihyoid bone (Spearman's &lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.690; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). No significant correlation was identified between variables and sex.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The sample size was small and the effe","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"967-976"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of biological variation and its applications in interpretation of equine clinical pathology results","authors":"T. Fernandes,&nbsp;Matthew Robin,&nbsp;Kathleen P. Freeman","doi":"10.1111/evj.14454","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14454","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biological variation in laboratory results refers to physiological fluctuations that occur around a homeostatic setpoint (HSP) for various laboratory measurands. Assessment of biological variation includes determining individual variation (CV_I), group variation (CV_G), and analytical variation (CV_A). Reference change value (RCV) is an objective tool for an evidence-based approach to interpret data by assessing the significance of consecutive results in an individual for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease. The individualised reference intervals (iRI) are derived from the determination of the HSP for an individual and the RCV. Evaluation of dispersion (DI) of results around any numerical result, reference interval limit, or recommended cut-off value can help define grey zones in clinical data interpretation. The Index of Individuality (II), which compares the amount of biological variation in a group (CV_G) relative to the amount of biological variation in an individual (CV_I), is useful to determine if 95% population-based or iRI would be more valuable to detect a significant change in a measurand. The critical number of specimens provides confidence in a defined probability needed for the estimation of the HSP for laboratory measurands. Biological variation data may help support or disprove empirically derived or consensus-derived interpretation recommendations. Biological variation data has the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical laboratory testing. Examples of these applications are included.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"862-869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storage-related artefacts in equine blood result in a pseudo-inflammatory leukogram","authors":"Ashley L. Parsley,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Hollingshead,&nbsp;Erika J. Gruber","doi":"10.1111/evj.14455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14455","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To minimise storage-related artefacts, EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood should be evaluated promptly or refrigerated, a challenge in ambulatory practice. The effects of suboptimal blood storage on equine leukocyte parameters are not well-documented.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Document changes in leukocyte number, automated and manual differential counts, and morphology in equine blood stored at four temperatures for up to 5 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In vitro experimental.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood from 13 horses was stored in a refrigerator (4°C), cooler with icepacks (3°C–19°C), room temperature (22°C), or incubator (37°C). Automated analyses were performed using an ADVIA 120 at 0, 8, 24, 48, and 120 h. Leukocyte integrity and morphology were evaluated on blood smears prepared at 0, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 120 h.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Automated leukocyte count was stable up to 24 h in samples stored in the refrigerator, cooler, and at room temperature, but decreased after 48 h in samples stored in the cooler (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) or at room temperature (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Pseudo-neutropenia occurred in some samples within 24 h. Storage-dependent increases in cell swelling, ruptured cells, hypolobulated neutrophils, and cytoplasmic vacuolation were observed in samples stored at each condition but appeared later in samples stored under refrigeration. In samples stored at 37°C, the percentage of pyknotic cells increased by 4 h and WBC concentration decreased by 8 h.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The small study population consisted only of clinically healthy horses. The four static temperature conditions do not capture the full spectrum of potential conditions encountered in the field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In most conditions, leukocyte counts decreased by 48 h, but remained within reference intervals in blood stored up to 120 h. Storage-related leukocyte changes in blood stored under conditions mimicking ambulatory practice resulted in a pseudo-inflammatory leukogram, which could alter interpretation and patient management.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"1074-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on ‘Should the equine community be concerned about the emergence of the H5N1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza in US cattle?’","authors":"J. Richard Newton,&nbsp;Fleur Whitlock,&nbsp;Neil Bryant,&nbsp;Kees van Maanen","doi":"10.1111/evj.14460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 2","pages":"532-534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manual versus reciprocating endodontic debridement of equine cheek teeth: Micro-computed tomography findings","authors":"Szabolcs A. Korsós,&nbsp;Pierre Kibleur,&nbsp;Iván Josipovic,&nbsp;Matthieu Boone,&nbsp;Lieven Vlaminck","doi":"10.1111/evj.14459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14459","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In orthograde endodontic treatments, different methods are available to debride the pulp canals of endodontically compromised equine cheek teeth, but their efficacy is unknown.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To explore and compare the efficacy and anatomical changes caused by manual versus reciprocating filing techniques in equine cheek teeth, to explore the presence of instrumentation mishaps described in human dentistry and to explore anatomical complexities of the pulp cavity that often remain uninstrumented using microcomputed tomography (μCT).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ex-vivo randomised experiments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty-two extracted healthy equine cheek teeth were randomised into two groups: debridement with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) manual H-files and debridement with Ni-Ti reciprocating K-files. All canals of all teeth were instrumented by a single clinician and μCT scans made before and after instrumentation were digitally analysed to compare the change in pulp volume, loss of dental material, percentages of instrumented pulp canal wall at three levels, instrumentation times and instrumentation mishaps between both techniques. The data were analysed using either an Independent samples &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;-test or Mann–Whitney &lt;i&gt;U&lt;/i&gt;-test with &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05 denoting a statistically significant difference.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The use of reciprocating files resulted in a statistically significant advantage at apical levels when it comes to the percentage of instrumented root canal surface (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01; reciprocating mean 12% ± 6; manual mean 3% ± 3). No other significant differences were found between the methods. Instrumentation mishaps were detected in this study and were equally distributed between the two groups. Frequently uninstrumented regions consisted of intercanal communications, root canal branches, narrow corners of pulp canals and branches of pulp horns.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Convenience sample, use of healthy cheek teeth, ex vivo debridement.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The debridement efficacy in equine cheek teeth is generally poor with a slight apical advantage using reciprocating instruments. Instrumentation mishaps should be kept in mind when performing endodontic procedures","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"1087-1098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142893075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}