Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Clinical findings of candidate stallions presented for licensing at all German Warmblood horse-breeding associations in 2018-2020.","authors":"Muriel Sarah Folgmann, Kathrin Friederike Stock, Karsten Feige, Uta Delling","doi":"10.1111/evj.14474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is very little information available about the health status of young stallions from the German Warmblood population that will, once licensed, shape the future of equestrian sport and horse breeding.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of clinical findings at licensing examinations of candidate stallions and the influences of season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, and the evaluator on the distribution of recorded findings.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records of 1655 candidate stallions presented for licensing in 2018-2020 were reviewed. Data were provided by all German Warmblood horse-breeding associations and their official veterinarians. Storage and processing of the records was performed using the German equine health database. Generalised linear models were used to determine the influences of fixed effects (season of birth, age at licensing, year of licensing, evaluator) on main clinical findings. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No remarks were documented on the clinical examination protocol in 777 of the 1655 horses (47.0%). Furthermore, 51.9% of those stallions with remarks had only one finding documented. The main abnormalities recorded were skin lesions, enlargements on the limbs, and testicular findings. The distributions of several clinical findings differed significantly between the evaluators.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Homogenous study population and retrospective data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical part of the licensing examination of German Warmblood candidate stallions presented in 2018-2020 rarely revealed abnormalities. The majority of the clinical findings which were recorded are considered to be of minor clinical relevance, implying an overall favourable clinical health status of the presented stallions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons to be fearful? Rising proportions of positive faecal worm egg counts among UK horses (2007-2023).","authors":"Fleur Whitlock, Jan van Dijk, Jane E Hodgkinson, John Duncan Grewar, J Richard Newton","doi":"10.1111/evj.14478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anthelmintic resistance (AR) threatens effective equine parasite control. Quarterly data summaries from faecal worm egg count testing (FWECT) performed by UK laboratories have appeared in Equine Quarterly Disease Surveillance Reports (EQDSR) since 2007, but have not previously been assessed.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess strongyle FWECT methods and thresholds used by UK laboratories. To investigate factors associated with quarterly laboratory FWECT positivity rates between 2007 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Laboratory surveys and analysis of laboratory summary data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Laboratories were surveyed in Q3 2018 and again in Q4 2023. Proportions of FWECTs reported positive (PTP) each quarter by individual laboratories between 2007 and 2023 were analysed using multiple mixed-effects linear regression, evaluating laboratory-level random-effects and fixed-effects variables for ordered categories of FWECT-thresholds, year-quarters and consecutive year groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten laboratories responded in 2018 and 13 laboratories in 2023. Samples were commonly reported positive at >0 to <100 eggs per gram (epg) and ≥200 epg. Regression modelling of 1190 EQDSR submissions confirmed significantly decreased PTP for thresholds ≥100 to <300 epg (level-2: -12.0%, p = 0.03), ≥300 epg (level-3: -18.0%, p = 0.03) and when thresholds were not specified (level-4: -12.2%, p = 0.0), relative to level-1 baseline (>0 to <100 epg). No significant seasonal variation in PTP between year-quarters was evident. Overall, controlling for between-laboratory variation and FWECT thresholds, there remained evidence for a significant gradient in increasing PTP over the study period relative to baseline (2007-2009). There were increases in PTP of +6.9% in 2010-2011 (p < 0.001), +10.1% in 2012-2013 (p < 0.001), +14.1% in 2014-2015 (p < 0.001), +16.0% in 2016-2017 (p < 0.001), +15.6% in 2018-2019 (p < 0.001), +17.1% in 2020-2021 (p < 0.001) and +18.9% in 2022-2023 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Survey responses were limited and most laboratories' FWECT thresholds were not known.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Controlling for laboratories and FWECT thresholds there was strong residual evidence from FWECT summary data for increasing egg counts in UK horses between 2007 and 2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in microcirculation variables in an acute endotoxaemic equine model.","authors":"Philipp K Sauter, Barbara Steblaj, Sabine B R Kästner, Franz J Söbbeler, Julia K Reiners, Annette P N Kutter, Alvaro J Gutiérrez Bautitsta, Stephan Neudeck","doi":"10.1111/evj.14473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microcirculation is the essential link between macrocirculation and cellular metabolism.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To test our hypotheses that microcirculation variables will show a heterogeneous flow pattern during experimental endotoxaemia, and that fluid therapy and noradrenaline (NA) infusion will normalise altered microcirculation variables.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six healthy adult horses were anaesthetised with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and diazepam and were mechanically ventilated under isoflurane anaesthesia. Endotoxaemia was induced with 30 ng kg^-1 Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously. One hundred and twenty minutes later fluid bolus and noradrenaline (NA) infusion were administered to produce normotension. Pulse rate (PR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured and microcirculation variables were obtained by side-stream darkfield technique (de Backer density (DBD), perfused de Backer density (PDBD), proportion of perfused vessels, microvascular flow index (MFI), heterogeneity index (HI)), laser Doppler flowmetry (blood flow) and white light spectrometry (tissue oxygen saturation (tSO₂)) in sublingual, jejunal and genital area. Measurements were obtained at baseline, after endotoxin, at 60 and 120 min and during the normotensive phase. Data were analysed by mixed model variance analysis and Tukey-Kramer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PPV decreased significantly over time by 30% (p < 0.001) at the jejunum. MFI decreased from baseline to ET60 and from baseline to ET120 in sublingual and genital mucosa (2.9 vs. 1.4, p < 0.001 and 2.8 vs. 1.9, p < 0.01), respectively. The sublingual HI increased from baseline to ET60, ET120 and NA (0.1 vs. 0.9, p = 0.02; vs. 0.6, p = 0.01; vs. 0.3, p = 0.01), respectively. The genital HI increased from baseline to ET120 (0.2 vs. 1.1, p ≤ 0.01) and NA (0.16 vs. 0.53, p < 0.05, respectively). Moderate agreement between observers for MFI assessment was present (kappa = 0.4). The PR significantly increased, and MAP significantly decreased from baseline over time.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The obtained data could be influenced by secretions, pressure artefacts, the experience of the examiner and the sampling location. Blood flow was not quantified and there was no control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, short-term experimental endotoxaemia did negatively alter MFI and HI; however, it did not alter tSO₂, blood flow, DBD, PDBD or proportion of perfused vessels. Intravenous fluid therapy and NA did not restore MFI and HI to baseline values.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143022620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yearling laryngeal function grades II.2 and below are not associated with reduced performance","authors":"Josephine L. Hardwick,&nbsp;Benjamin J. Ahern,&nbsp;Kylie L. Crawford,&nbsp;Kate J. Allen,&nbsp;Brian H. Anderson,&nbsp;Kim J. Rose,&nbsp;Samantha H. Franklin","doi":"10.1111/evj.14452","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14452","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The relationship between Thoroughbred yearling laryngeal function (YLF) grade and race performance is unclear.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To determine the effect of YLF on future race performance.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Retrospective cohort study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Post-sale endoscopic recordings were reviewed from Australian yearling sales in 2018–2019. Race performance was evaluated for career and as 2-, 3- and ≥4-year-olds. Multivariable generalised linear modelling examined the association between YLF and performance, with risk estimates presented as coefficients (95% CI).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The YLF in 5175 examinations was graded I in 29.8% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1542); II.1 in 49.0% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2537), II.2 in 16.5% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 855), III.1 in 3.9% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 200), III.2 in 0.8% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 39) and III.3 in &lt;0.04% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2). Additional endoscopic abnormalities included ventroaxial luxation of the corniculate process (VLAC, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 77, 1.5%); arytenoid mucosal lesions (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 392, 7.6%) and intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (iDDSP, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1264, 24.4%). Median (IQR) career earnings were: grade I $45 095 ($15 565, $113 220); grade II.1 $45 315 ($15 915, $107 490), grade II.2 $38 610 ($14 326, $95 218), grade III.1 $32 765 ($8565, $86 030) and grade III.2 $35 810 ($3700, $65 770). There was no difference in career earnings for YLF grades II.2 and III.1, compared with referent grade I/II.1, whereas grade III.2 earned less overall (−$46 015 (95% CI: −$89 994, −$2036), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). Earnings in ≥4-year-olds were less for grades III.1 (−$35 076 (−$56 129, −$14 024), &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001) and III.2 (−$53 219, (−$76 062, −$30 375) &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Lack of follow-up data due to retrospective nature of study. Exclusion of unraced horses and those with no prize money from analysis.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Ninety-five percent of the yearling population had grades I, II.1 or II.2 YLF and minimal difference in race performance was identified between them. Horses with grade III.1 YLF performed similarly to g","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"953-966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A comparative study using microCT and radiography in age-matched controls","authors":"Zoe Nugent,&nbsp;Anders Jensen,&nbsp;Niamh Owen,&nbsp;Andrew J. Peffers,&nbsp;Mohesh Moothanchery,&nbsp;Mandy J. Peffers","doi":"10.1111/evj.14453","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a painful disorder primarily affecting the incisor teeth of horses over 15 years of age. Clinical signs of the disease include prehension problems, halitosis and in severe cases weight loss. The disease predominately affects the reserve crown and presents as a loss of dental tissue and excessive build-up of cementum.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To determine the radiographic scores of horses with EOTRH and age-matched controls and to increase understanding of EOTRH using microCT to compare teeth from horses with EOTRH and age-matched controls.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In vivo and ex vivo studies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study used radiography (in vivo) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) (ex vivo) to help understand and help characterise the imaging changes that occur in EOTRH. For radiography, 87 patients were assessed using a radiographic scoring system for EOTRH. The microCT study was undertaken on 20 extracted cadaver incisor teeth which were scanned and segmented to measure the different dental tissues. These were assessed using a descriptive analysis (surface roughening, tooth resorption, root blunting and pulp cavity).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Radiographic scoring demonstrated that 03s were more severely affected than 01s in EOTRH. Total radiographic score and age had a weak positive correlation. Following microCT, we identified that EOTRH teeth had a lower pulp and enamel volume and therefore significantly higher pulp and enamel ratios relative to the whole tooth volume, compared with control teeth. Cementum and dentine volumes were more variable in EOTRH teeth. Thus, their ratios relative to the whole tooth volume were not different to control teeth.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The number of horses was relatively small.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Results suggest differing degrees of tooth resorption and hypercementosis, in different affected teeth potentially indicating multiple phenotypes of the disease. We provide further evidence of the presence of subclinical EOTRH imaging changes in ","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"1099-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of experimentally induced endotoxaemia and meloxicam administration on the haemostatic system in donkeys.","authors":"Alejandro Perez-Ecija, Antonio Buzon-Cuevas, Carlos Gonzalez-De Cara, Raul Aguilera-Aguilera, Adelaida de Las Heras, Francisco J Mendoza","doi":"10.1111/evj.14476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endotoxaemia is a common condition in equids, frequently accompanied by alterations in haemostasis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as meloxicam, have been proven to alleviate some signs of endotoxaemia in donkeys. Neither the haemostatic response to induced endotoxaemia nor the effect of meloxicam in this regard have been described in donkeys.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(a) To characterise the haemostatic changes in response to induced endotoxaemia in healthy donkeys, and (b) to assess the effect of meloxicam in these animals.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Endotoxaemia was induced by LPS (20 ng/kg) infusion in six healthy adult Andalusian donkeys. All animals randomly received either an IV bolus of saline solution (untreated group) or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg) after LPS infusion (PLI), with a 1-month washout period between trials. Samples were collected at -30, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 360 min PLI for clotting times, antithrombin III, anti-Xa activities, platelet and fibrinogen concentrations; and at -30, 90, 180 and 360 min PLI for viscoelastography (Sonoclot).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LPS caused prothrombotic-specific viscoelastographic changes (short activated clot time and elongated clot rate formation) and lower antithrombin III activities compared with reference range for this species. Prolonged prothrombin times were also seen at late timepoints in the experiment. Meloxicam administration resulted in no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Short sampling duration, only Andalusian donkeys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Acute endotoxaemia induced hypercoagulability and initial signs of a consumptive coagulopathy in donkeys. Despite a more prolonged increase in anti-Xa activity, meloxicam did not ameliorate most of these haemostatic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mare colostrum quality and relationship with foal serum immunoglobulin G concentrations and average daily weight gains","authors":"Kirsty Gallacher,&nbsp;Katherine Champion,&nbsp;Katharine S. Denholm","doi":"10.1111/evj.14471","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14471","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Foals suffer from total failure to transfer passive immunity (TFTPI) when serum immunoglobulin (IgG) is &lt;4 g/L, and partial failure to transfer passive immunity (PFTPI) when serum IgG is 4–8 g/L.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To explore risk factors for poor serum IgG concentration.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Retrospective observational study.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Data from 535 Thoroughbred foals born to 177 mares were analysed and included foal sex, birthweight, month and year of birth and colostrum Brix %. Associations between dam age and colostrum Brix (%); and between foal serum IgG and liveweight gains were also measured. Pre-suckle colostrum samples and foal blood samples were collected (by jugular venipuncture within 12–24 h of birth). IgG was estimated in mare colostrum and foal serum using Brix refractometry and turbidimetric immunoassay, respectively. Foals were weighed within 20 h of birth; daily until 7 days of age and weekly until 130 days of age.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Mean foal serum IgG was 10.78 g/L (SD = 3.26) and mean mare colostrum Brix was 27.32% (SD = 5.96). A number of colostrum samples (20.9%, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 112/535) measured &lt;20% Brix and 20.4% of foals (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 109/535) had serum IgG concentrations ≤8 g/L, 2.2% of foals (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 12/535) had serum IgG less than or equal to 4 g/L and 18.1% (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 97/535) had serum IgG between 4.1 g/L and 8 g/L. Foals had an average daily gain (ADG, kg) of 1.26 kg (SD = 0.14). Serum IgG (g/L) was associated with year of birth, birthweight (kg) and colostrum Brix (%). For every unit increase in foal birthweight (kg), there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.04 g/L, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). Similarly, for every unit increased in mare colostrum Brix (%) there were small, significant increases in foal serum IgG (0.25 g/L, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Month of birth was significantly associated with colostrum Brix (%) and with average daily gains; with lower values for both outcome parameters with increasing calendar month. Increasing dam age at foaling was associated with lower colostrum Brix (%).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Retrospective design with missing data, small convenience sample.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"904-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143002177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report from the 2024 Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Working Group Meeting on Consensus Definitions for Foal Sepsis","authors":"P. A. Wilkins,&nbsp;D. M. Wong,&nbsp;DRH Working Group on Foal Sepsis","doi":"10.1111/evj.14443","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14443","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 3","pages":"536-539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142978008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A genome-wide association study for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in the Thoroughbred horse identifies a candidate gene that regulates myelin structure","authors":"Charlotte L. McGivney,&nbsp;Beatrice A. McGivney,&nbsp;Gabriella Farries,&nbsp;Katie F. Gough,&nbsp;Haige Han,&nbsp;Amy R. Holtby,&nbsp;David E. MacHugh,&nbsp;Lisa Michelle Katz,&nbsp;Emmeline W. Hill","doi":"10.1111/evj.14461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14461","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) is an economically important upper respiratory tract (URT) disease with a genetic contribution to risk, but genetic variants independent of height have not been identified for Thoroughbreds. The method of clinical assessment for RLN is critical to accurately phenotype groups for genetic studies.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;To identify genetic risk loci for RLN in Thoroughbreds in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) following high-resolution phenotyping.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Study design&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Case–control.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Thoroughbred horses were characterised as RLN cases and controls using resting and exercising URT endoscopic examinations and laryngeal ultrasonography, with the case-cohort supplemented using a questionnaire. Genotypes for 43 831 autosomal single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 235 horses (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 110 cases; &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 125 controls) were used to estimate trait heritability and identify significantly associated SNPs in a GWAS. Haplotypes were examined in cases and controls and risk allele frequencies were examined in a population cohort (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3126).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Heritability was &lt;i&gt;h&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0.30 including sex and 5PCs as covariates. A SNP on ECA20 located between candidate genes, &lt;i&gt;DAAM2&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;LRFN2&lt;/i&gt;, was significantly associated with RLN. Six index SNPs with allelic effect sizes OR = 1.5–2.9 were identified on ECA1, ECA14, and ECA20 close to candidate genes &lt;i&gt;ATPA10&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;KCNN2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TFAP2A&lt;/i&gt;. Eleven ECA20 SNPs defined seven haplotypes with homozygous H2/H2 horses having a 3.1× higher risk of RLN. Risk alleles segregate in the population, and stallions are carriers.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Main limitations&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The main study population was young. Horses in the control group had no evidence of RLN as 2- or 3-year olds but may have developed RLN later.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Genetic markers for RLN were identified which may be useful for the development of a polygenic risk score. Candidate genes with functions in neuropathies may further the understanding of RLN","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"943-952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing equine veterinarians' job satisfaction and retention: A focus group study.","authors":"Kristen Whitaker, Audrey Burnette, Jean-Yin Tan, Meggan Graves, Julie Hunt, Elizabeth Devine, Stacy Anderson, Katherine Kirkendall, Lauren Wisnieski","doi":"10.1111/evj.14467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a shortage of equine veterinarians. Understanding what factors are associated with job satisfaction in equine veterinarians can inform interventions to increase retention in equine medicine.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the prominent factors causing work dissatisfaction and burnout in equine veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Qualitative research study consisting of semi-structured focus groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-seven current and former equine veterinarians across the United States were recruited via snowball and convenience sampling to answer questions on work history, work-life balance, and perceptions of equine practice. Transcripts were analysed in Delve and coded in the context of the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory. A card sorting activity was used to rank the four types of resources in the COR theory (condition, object, energy, and personal).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Condition resources were the most frequently mentioned reasons for work dissatisfaction. These included issues with discrimination or bias due to age, race/ethnicity, and gender, unpredictable and long hours, and heavy workloads. Object resources, such as equipment, were rarely mentioned. Energy resources, including pay and student loan debt, were influential, with most participants feeling that equine veterinarians are underpaid. Personal resources, such as problem-solving skills and enjoyment in helping others, improved job satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Although recruiting efforts prioritised perspectives of black, indigenous, and people of colour, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer plus identities, and members with disabilities, demographic information was not directly collected.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main barriers to equine veterinary retention included a lack of work-life balance, long hours, lower-than-expected pay, and issues with discrimination and bias. This study highlights areas for intervention to improve the equine veterinary field, such as higher pay, rural practice incentives, and effective diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) efforts. A shift toward caseload-sharing between veterinarians could help alleviate excessive emergency on-call and burnout.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142946655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}