Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Complications associated with subpalpebral lavage systems in upper and lower equine eyelids: A prospective, randomised study in 73 cases (2015-2024).","authors":"Annabelle E Graham, Harry B Carslake, Fernando Malalana","doi":"10.1111/evj.14540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence for optimal location of subpalpebral lavage (SPL) systems is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the rate and types of complications with SPL systems located in central upper- compared with medial lower-eyelid in hospitalised patients.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective, randomised treatment trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Horses admitted for ophthalmic treatment using an SPL system from February 2015 to January 2024 were included if ocular pathology did not necessitate SPL system placement in a specific location. Coin toss was used to determine location. SPL systems were monitored at least daily, and complications were defined as major (displacement of footplate from the fornix ± corneal ulceration; loss of footplate; eyelid infection/abscess formation) or minor (loss of suture/tape; palpebral swelling; leakage or tube rupture; loss of injection port; subcutaneous swelling/abscess at suture site). Data were analysed using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-three SPL systems in 68 horses were included, with 38 (52%) located in the upper and 35 (48%) in the lower eyelid, for a median (IQR) duration of 13 (8-16) days. Sixty-nine complications (37 (54%) in upper and 32 (46%) in lower SPL systems) occurred in 44/73 (60%) of all SPL systems. Major complications occurred with 2 lower (2/69; 3%) and 10 upper SPL systems (10/69;14%). The most common major complication was displacement of the lavage footplate from the conjunctival fornix (7/69; 10%). The most common minor complication was loss of suture or butterfly tape (21/69; 30%). Treatment with chloramphenicol (OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.09-0.8; p = 0.02) or cross-linked modified hyaluronic acid (OR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.2-13.3; p = 0.03) was associated with any complication on multivariable analysis. Multivariable analysis showed that upper systems were 5.1 (95% CI: 1.0-25.7; p = 0.05) more likely to have a major complication than lower SPL systems.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Small study size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SPL system location had no effect on all complications, but major complications were more common in those placed in the upper lid.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of the efficacy of three commercial human embryo vitrification kits for cryopreservation of in vivo produced equine embryos.","authors":"Sandra Wilsher, Ann Ismer, Agustina Grippo, Maarten Hoogewijs, Pedro Bussade, Sofia Kovacsy","doi":"10.1111/evj.14539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Different cryoprotectants can influence the ability of embryos to successfully survive vitrification and subsequent warming before transfer.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare pregnancy rates for embryos ≤500 μm vitrified, without puncture or aspiration of the blastocoele cavity, with one of three commercial human embryo vitrification kits containing the same penetrating cryoprotectants (DMSO and EG) but varying in their non-penetrating cryoprotectants (NPCPAs; sucrose, trehalose, dextran serum supplement [DSS], and hydroxypropyl cellulose [HPC]).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Embryos (n = 108) were vitrified using either a Kitazato (NPCPAs = trehalose, hydroxypropyl cellulose), Vit Kit Freeze (NPCPAs = sucrose, DSS), or Vit Kit Freeze NX (NPCPAs = trehalose, DSS) vitrification kit by exposing each embryo to kit-specific equilibration solution for 15 min, before the vitrification solution for ≤90 sec including loading onto a Cryolock device, which was capped and plunged into LN2. All embryos were warmed in the same media by placing the Cryolock tip into 1 mL of 1.0 M sucrose in a HEPES-based medium (1 min), followed by 0.5 M sucrose (4 min) and then commercial Holding medium (4 min) before transfer to a Day 6 recipient mare. For each kit, embryos were divided by size into three groups (G1 ≤ 300 μm; G2 > 300-400 μm; G3 > 400-500 μm; n = 8-14/group/kit).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pregnancy rates were equivalent for the Kitazato, Vit Kit Freeze, and Vit Kit Freeze NX kits for embryos in G1 (12/14 [85.7%] vs. 8/11 [72.7%] vs. 7/8 [87.5%], respectively, p = 0.63) and for G2 (10/12 [83.3%] vs. 10/11 [90.9%] vs. 9/11 [81.8%], respectively, p = 0.81). For G3 embryos, pregnancy rates were higher for the Kitazato versus either of the other kits (10/14 [71.4%] vs. 3/12 [21.4%] vs. 2/14 [14.3%], respectively, p = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Limited numbers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Different non-penetrating/extracellular cryoprotectants can influence the success of vitrifying equine embryos 400-500 μm. The combination of trehalose and hydroxypropyl cellulose appears to be beneficial in this respect.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of equine foot parameters show limited agreement between radiographs and low-field magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Constance Bowkett-Pritchard, David M Bolt, Yu-Mei Chang, Dagmar Berner","doi":"10.1111/evj.14536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine foot radiographs are commonly obtained to measure anatomical conformation parameters. Comparison of measurements between radiographs and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been extensively explored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare foot parameter measurements between radiographs and low-field MRI, and assess the effect of hoof wall markers on visualising the hoof capsule (during MRI) and facilitating measurements.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Comparative cadaveric analytical study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Radiography and MRI of nine equine cadaver front feet were performed with and without hoof wall markers, which were lead strips for radiography and a water-soaked hoof bandage for MRI. Intra-observer reliability and inter-modality agreement were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intra-observer repeatability was generally good, apart from distal dermal frontal measurements. There was limited agreement between radiographic and MRI measurements. Results are presented as RAD indicating those obtained with radiography and T1, T2* or STIR indicating those obtained with the relevant MRI sequence; m is added if a marker was used. Founder distance only showed good agreement for radiographic and T1 measurements with markers; ICC 0.78 (CI 0.33-0.95 p = 0.004). Inter-modality comparisons for distal phalanx rotation were limited by intraobserver repeatability. Good agreement was noted for sole thickness and epidermal sole thickness measurements with markers; sole thickness (RADm vs. T1m ICC 0.81 [CI -0.04-0.96], p < 0.001; RADm vs. T2*m ICC 0.86 [CI 0.51-0.97], p < 0.001; RADm vs. STIRm ICC 0.91 [CI 0.66-0.98], p < 0.001) and epidermal sole thickness (RADm vs. T1m ICC 0.88 [CI 0.55-0.97], p < 0.001; RADm vs. T2*m ICC 0.83 [CI 0.41-0.96], p = 0.002; RADm vs. STIRm ICC 0.80 [CI 0.31-0.95], p = 0.004). Radiographic measurements with and without markers often had good to excellent agreement; for some parameters, hoof wall markers were associated with reduced intra-observer repeatability. The water-soaked hoof bandage aided MRI hoof capsule visualisation; limitations included reduced repeatability and unattainable distal measurements.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Small sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The limited agreement between radiographic and MRI measurements suggests these modalities are not interchangeable in equine foot assessment. Hoof wall markers do not benefit foot measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheal collapse rates in Kenyan working cart and pack donkeys.","authors":"Martha Mellish, Jennifer Burns, Yvonne Elce, Jason W Stull","doi":"10.1111/evj.14545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Donkeys (Equus asinus) in East Africa are recognised as working with poorly designed harnesses and carts. The donkey cart used in regions of Africa, specifically Meru County, Kenya, appears to place the cart's weight solely on the donkey's mid-cervical region. The ventral area of the neck is vulnerable to external pressure on the trachea, which is superficially located.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the presence and severity of endoscopic abnormalities in the upper airway and trachea of Meru County working cart donkeys compared to pack donkeys. To determine associations between endoscopic and physical evidence of harness injury.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At voluntary health clinics, physical examination and endoscopy of the upper airway and trachea were evaluated and recorded at rest on 66 donkeys (38 cart donkeys and 28 pack donkeys). The presence and grade of tracheal collapse, tracheal ring abnormalities, tracheal mucus, and pharyngitis were subsequently determined on the endoscopy recordings by blinded evaluators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant associations were identified between work type and tracheal collapse severity, ring abnormalities, pharyngitis, hairless skin, and thickened skin, with these findings more common in cart than pack donkeys (all p < 0.03). Moderate tracheal collapse (grade 3) was present in 40% (95% CI: 24%-57%) of cart and 0% (0%-12%) of pack donkeys. Intra-tracheal ring abnormalities were noted in 45% (29%-62%) of cart and 0% (0%-12%) of pack donkeys. Physical examination findings were significantly and positively associated with endoscopy findings (all p < 0.002).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Standing endoscopy was performed at rest and dynamic endoscopy during the pulling of carts was not performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Moderate tracheal collapse was seen in cart donkeys when compared to pack donkeys. Physical examination findings at rest were associated with and moderately predictive of tracheal collapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144495327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma metabolomic profiling during peri-parturition in healthy Thoroughbred mares.","authors":"Junjie Li, Touko Matsumoto, Hong Liu, Chunmei Li, Harutaka Murase, Yuki Yamamoto, Kentaro Nagaoka","doi":"10.1111/evj.14550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate prediction of the timing of parturition is crucial to ensure the health and well-being of both mares and foals. However, equine pregnancies are characterised by significant variability in gestation length, unique endocrine mechanisms, and subtle physiological changes before parturition.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the characteristic changes in the peripheral metabolites of mares before and after parturition using metabolomic approaches.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Longitudinal in vivo metabolic study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma samples (n = 95) were collected from successfully foaling Thoroughbred mares (n = 9) from 4 days before to 7 days after parturition, and a non-targeted metabolomic analysis was performed using GC-MS. PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis were used to compare different groups. Repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) was employed to identify the various metabolites. Enrichment analysis was performed to find the related metabolomic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PCA and hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated cluster separation between pre-parturition, parturition, and post-parturition. RMANOVA revealed significant differences in 62 metabolites across all time points (False Discovery Rate <0.05). These metabolites were significantly enriched in multiple metabolic pathways, including valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; galactose metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Among these metabolites, glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) showed interesting changes that increased 3 days before parturition.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The number of animals and samples included in this study was limited, and the reproductive history of the mares was not considered. In addition, this study did not conduct quantitative research to determine the specific concentrations and ranges of the key metabolites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>G3P is a potential biomarker for predicting parturition. This research provides new insights into mares' periparturition blood metabolic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic myelography of the cranial cervical spine in Warmblood horses with no spinal pathology-Inter- and intravertebral ratios and distribution of contrast columns in neutral and flexed cervical spine.","authors":"Maren Hellige, Caroline Schröder, Frauke Seehusen, Jessika-M Cavalleri, Karl Rohn, Peter Stadler, Florian Geburek","doi":"10.1111/evj.14552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomographic myelography (CTM) and radiographic myelography (RxM) are diagnostic for extradural spinal cord compression, but knowledge about the contrast distribution in flexion and normal position of nonaffected horses is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(1) To determine the inter- and intravertebral ratios at C3-C4 of CTM in neutral and flexed positions in Warmbloods. (2) To compare the diameters of the spinal cord and the contrast columns at C3-C4 between neutral and flexed positions in CTM and RxM. (3) To evaluate the variability of measurements.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Terminal in vivo method-comparison study with histological confirmation of absence of spinal pathology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RxM and CTM were performed in 13 neurologically normal Warmbloods in neutral and flexed cervical spine positions. Inter- and intravertebral ratios, the sagittal diameters of the spinal cord, the dorsal (dcc) and ventral contrast column (vcc) were calculated (in mm) and compared between the cervical spine positions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The flexion angle was 24° in both modalities. Flexion of the cervical spine led to a significant reduction of the diameter of the spinal cord in CTM (sc_inter2: 9.2 ± 1.1 (mean ± standard deviation) and 8.0 ± 1.4, p = 0.02; sc inter 3: 9.2 ± 1.3 and 7.7 ± 1.7, p = 0.007) and of the heights of the contrast columns in both modalities (dcc inter2: RxM: 10.2 ± 1.9 and 8.5 ± 2.1, p = 0.005; CTM: 8.8 ± 1.4 and 7.2 ± 2.0, p = 0.004; vcc inter3: RxM: 2.7 ± 1.3 and 0.9 ± 0.7, p < 0.001; CTM: 2.2 ± 1.2 and 0.0 ± 0.1, p < 0.001) at intervertebral locations.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Small group size, no calibration of radiographs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Flexion of the cervical spine decreased the diameter of the spinal cord and the dorsal and ventral myelographic contrast columns in Warmbloods with no spinal pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries associated with lameness in Australian campdraft horses.","authors":"Brodie J Argue, Raphael Labens","doi":"10.1111/evj.14551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Campdrafting is a unique Australian cow horse sport, which evolved from mustering cattle and is one of Australia's fastest growing equine sports. This discipline is associated with its own unique set of musculoskeletal injuries yet to be reported.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the prevalence, anatomical location, and diagnostic modality used to localise lameness in campdrafting horses to better assist efficient orthopaedic management of the campdraft horse.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records were examined from one private practice equine group and one university veterinary hospital between 2017 and 2024. Lameness examinations conducted by 5 veterinarians were included. Data were collected regarding signalment, history, findings on physical and lameness examinations, results of diagnostic procedures performed, and final diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and sixty-seven horses were observed; the most common lameness grade was 2/5 (AAEP; 116; 43%), and the most common breed was Australian stock horses (109; 40%). Forelimb lameness was observed in 53% (143/267) and hindlimb lameness in 41% (112/267) of horses. Forelimb lameness was bilateral in 36 (13%) horses, and bilateral hindlimb lameness was observed in 19 horses. Diagnostic anaesthesia was utilised in 187 (70%) of the 267 horses, with anaesthesia of the abaxial sesamoid nerve block rendering most commonly a positive response (43; 22%). Diagnostic anaesthesia followed by radiography sufficed to obtain a final diagnosis in 110 (41%) cases. Diagnostic anaesthesia, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination was used to achieve a final diagnosis in 67 (25%) cases. Lameness associated with the distal interphalangeal joint was the most common finding (23%; 63/267), followed by the metacarpus and metatarsus (19%; 53/267).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Responses to diagnostic anaesthesia and lameness were evaluated subjectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the study sample of campdraft horses, lameness was more commonly observed in the distal forelimb compared with samples from other disciplines in cow horse sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic diagnosis of caudoproximal humeral stress fracture in thoroughbred racehorses.","authors":"Betsy Vaughan, Erin R McKerney, Carolyn Wollenberger, Ashton Cloninger, Mathieu Spriet, Larry Galuppo, Susan M Stover","doi":"10.1111/evj.14546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Humeral stress fractures in racehorses can progress to catastrophic fracture if unrecognised. Scintigraphy is the gold standard diagnostic technique but is limited by accessibility and cost. It was hypothesised that ultrasonography could be used to visualise caudoproximal humeral stress fractures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the utility of ultrasonography to identify caudoproximal humeral stress fractures in racehorses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Clinical case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven racehorses that had a clinical history consistent with the presence of a humeral stress fracture were examined using humeral ultrasonography and radiography with or without scintigraphy from June 2013 to June 2021. Clinical and imaging findings, outcomes and descriptive statistics are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven Thoroughbred racehorses aged 2-4 years had a history of acute onset of a severe lameness, with four returning to training 3-12 months after layup for an unrelated reason. Nine of 10 humeral stress fractures (2 bilateral, 3 left, 2 right) were identified with ultrasonography. Ultrasonographic abnormalities included a step defect (5 humeri, 5 horses), periosteal callus/roughening (7 humeri, 4 horses) and/or an abnormally convex contour of the caudal aspect of the humeral neck (6 humeri, 5 horses). Radiographs revealed periosteal (8 humeri, 6 horses) and/or endosteal (6 humeri, 4 horses) proliferation adjacent to the caudoproximal aspect of the humeral cortex. Scintigraphy of five horses identified increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the caudoproximal aspect of seven humeri. Serial recheck radiography and ultrasonography (5 horses) revealed bone remodelling. Horses were returned to intended use as racehorses (4) riding horses (2) or were retired (1).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Small case series in only Thoroughbred racehorses with a clinical indication of possible humeral stress fracture. Ultrasonographic examination was limited to the caudoproximal aspect of the humerus. Not all cases underwent all imaging modalities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ultrasonography is useful for caudoproximal humeral stress fracture detection and can be used to monitor healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144368716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine botulism.","authors":"Kali Slavik, Robert Whitlock, Amy Johnson","doi":"10.1111/evj.14542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Botulism is a severe and often fatal disease in equine patients worldwide. Clostridium botulinum is a ubiquitous soil organism which produces a potent neurotoxin resulting in neuromuscular blockade and flaccid paralysis in affected animals. Definitive diagnosis is often impractical or impossible, leading to diagnosis and treatment based on clinical experience and presenting signs. Delay in case identification and treatment results in rapid deterioration of the patient. Treatment of recumbent equine botulism cases presents challenges due to patient size and requires intensive nursing care. This review summarises the current knowledge on equine botulism, including pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic and treatment options and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144301395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desmitis of the palmar or plantar ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint: A descriptive case series.","authors":"Manon W J Peeters, Stephan Ott, Elisabeth van Veggel, Dagmar Berner, Melanie Perrier","doi":"10.1111/evj.14547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited reports in the literature are available regarding desmitis of the palmar/plantar ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PL-PIPJ); the clinical significance of such injuries is unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the ability to differentiate the PL-PIPJ on low-field magnetic resonance (MR) examination. To describe the injury characteristics of the PL-PIPJ on MR examination and the correlation with clinical features and lameness.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data and MR images of 29 horses were collected from the databases of three institutions. Horses were included when desmitis of the PL-PIPJ was present, specifically the axial palmar/plantar ligament, the abaxial palmar/plantar ligament, the proximal enthesis of the distal digital annular ligament, and the distal enthesis of the proximal digital annular ligament. The clinical features and lameness scores were noted for all cases. The MR examinations were reviewed. Ligaments were graded for visibility and degree of pathology by a board-certified diagnostic imaging specialist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differentiation between the different ligaments is not always reliably possible, especially as the abaxial palmar/plantar ligament was only distinctly visible in 4 out of 80 ligaments (5%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1%-12%). Desmitis of the PL-PIPJ was the main MR finding in 13 out of 29 (45%, CI: 26%-64%) clinical cases. Periligamentous oedema was evident in 53 of the 71 (74%, CI: 63%-84%) abaxially located ligaments with desmitis. Enthesophyte formation was present in 34 out of 102 ligaments with desmitis (33%, CI: 24%-43%).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Retrospective nature of the study, lack of control.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pathology to the PL-PIPJ can be a primary cause of lameness in horses and these structures should therefore be critically evaluated on MR examination. Differentiation between the abaxially located structures can be challenging. Periligamentous oedema is often present in cases of desmitis of the abaxially located ligaments; its presence should prompt closer assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}