Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Endoscopically assessed mucus parameters in equine asthma: Relationship to clinical history and cytological findings data.","authors":"Julia Drespling, Leonie Berwanger, Heike Kühn, Bianca Schwarz, Marcus Doherr, Lars Mundhenk","doi":"10.1111/evj.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mucus parameters are hallmark diagnostic features of equine asthma (EA).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the relationship between mucus quantity score and mucus viscosity score with signalment, history, clinical findings and cytological parameters.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mucus quantity and viscosity scores, signalment, history and clinical findings recorded for diagnostic purposes from up to 1599 samples, and cytological values of the corresponding bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and tracheobronchial secretions were analysed. The cut-off value of a mucus quantity score >2 for the diagnosis of mild to moderate EA (MEA) was used to calculate the odds ratios for MEA and severe EA (SEA). Associations were tested via a multivariate Kruskal-Wallis test. The mucus scores were analysed pairwise with cytological characteristics, anamnestic data and clinical signs by testing for independence using the chi-square test. Correlations were evaluated using the non-parametric Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A mucus quantity score >2 was associated with increased odds of diagnosing SEA (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.75, 7.17, p < 0.001), but not for MEA. A weak positive correlation was found between neutrophil granulocytes in BALF and mucus quantity score (rho: 0.353, p < 0.001) as well as mucus viscosity score (rho: 0.225, p < 0.001). The mucus scores for quantity and viscosity were significantly associated (p < 0.001) with age, respiratory rate and arterial oxygen partial pressure values, and significantly associated (p < 0.001) with season, type of nasal discharge and respiratory pattern. However, no associations were found with body condition score (BCS), sex and breed.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>This was a convenience sample with a cytologically unremarkable control group, but no healthy control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mucus quantity score is a diagnostic parameter for the diagnosis of SEA. Associations between mucus scores and neutrophilic influx and with some clinical parameters were identified, while there was no confirmed relationship to BCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turf track surface interaction with speed and musculoskeletal injury risk in Thoroughbred racehorses.","authors":"K A Legg, M J Gibson, E K Gee, C W Rogers","doi":"10.1111/evj.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injury modelling based on changes in speed and stride characteristics of racehorses has become a primary industry focus for the Thoroughbred racing industry. However, speed and stride characteristics are strongly associated with track condition; therefore, reliable quantification of surface variables for use in future models is imperative.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to understand the interaction of objective turf track condition score (TCS) measurement with racing speed and injury in flat racing Thoroughbred horses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective time series analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Race-day data from 16 flat racing seasons (2008/9-2023/24, n = 40,824 races) were used to compare monthly TCS (based on penetrometer measurements), the coefficient of variability (CV) for TCS, race speed (over the final 600 m) and the number of race starts. Injury data from 7 seasons (2015-17, 2019-24) were used to calculate the monthly incidence rate (IR per 1000 race starts) of musculoskeletal injury (MSI). A mixed effects linear model was used to assess the relationship between speed, TCS, race distance and horse rating.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Race starts (n = 437,506), TCS and speed showed strong seasonal fluctuations, with more starts, lower and more variable TCS (4, IQR 3-5, CV = 0.44) and higher race speed (16.7 m/s, IQR 16.1-17.2) in summer compared with winter (TCS 10, IQR 8-10, CV = 0.22, p < 0.001 and speed 15.1 m/s, IQR 14.3-15.8, p < 0.001). Race speed had a strong negative quadratic relationship with TCS (β₂ = -0.03, p < 0.001), a negative linear correlation with race distance and was positively correlated with horse rating. There were 433 MSI (IR = 2.22, 95% CI 2.20-2.44), with an immediate (0 lag time) positive association with seasonal changes in TCS (r = -0.28).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Low monthly numbers of MSI constrained analysis of interaction with track variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TCS provides a reliable quantitative measure of track condition which could be used to refine future models of injury risk in racing Thoroughbreds.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography identifies the proximodorsomedial subchondral bone of equine central tarsal bones as a predilection site for sclerosis, demineralisation and associated fractures.","authors":"Sandra Campana, Marie Dittmann, Patrick Kircher, Brice Donati","doi":"10.1111/evj.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The distribution pattern of central tarsal bone (CTB) changes has not been described, except for slab- and dorsomedial-plantarolateral fractures.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe CTB changes in CT and document their distribution and associations.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standing and recumbent tarsal CT studies from 94 clinical cases were retrospectively evaluated. General case information, degree of sclerosis (none-severe), lesions (demineralisation, cystoid, fissure/fracture) and their location were recorded, dividing CTBs into 8 regions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty five of 94 tarsi showed at least one region of moderate to severe sclerosis, of which 90% affected the dorsomedial region. The prevalence of lesions was significantly associated with higher degrees of sclerosis (p = 0.04) at this site. Of 32 demineralising lesions, 21 were in the proximal subchondral bone dorsomedially. Twenty-four CTBs showed fissures/fractures; 19/24 were in a dorsomedial-plantarolateral direction, and 17/19 were associated with demineralisation. Of five fissures/fractures with different configurations, none had associated demineralisation. There were 27 cyst-like lesions, 21/27 in the distal subchondral bone, of which almost half (13/27) located medially.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Retrospective design; heterogeneous, warmblood-oriented population; no clinical correlation of findings nor histological confirmation of described changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Given the links between sclerosis, demineralisation and fissures/fractures, the dorsomedial proximal subchondral bone plate of the CTB must be scrutinised both in CT and radiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with owner-reported sleep disturbances in Nordic horses.","authors":"H Suomala, I Brotherus, L Hänninen, E Ternman, A K Mykkänen","doi":"10.1111/evj.14560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Very little is known about sleep disturbances in horses, although several management or animal-based factors may contribute to an increased risk of disturbances.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate factors related to rest and sleep behaviour of horses kept in stalls as perceived by Nordic horse owners or caretakers and their association with suspected sleep disturbances (SSD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 40 question online international survey included a convenience sample of horse owners or caretakers with horses over 4 years old kept in the same individual stalls for at least the last three previous months. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to generate models of the factors associated with the SSD and their possible causes and consequences for the horses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 5.0% of respondents (88/1749) suspected that their horse had sleep disturbances. The horse-specific factors which were associated with SSD (adjusted OR; 95% CL) were age in years (1.12; 1.07-1.16), withers height (1.05; 1.03-1.08), current illness/injury (3.14; 1.92-5.15), if the horse was not seen laying down (27.82; 8.72-88.75), nightly injuries (9.16; 3.36-25.00), loss of balance/unexpected fall (40.30; 16.77-96.87), daytime drowsiness (3.85; 1.68-8.82) and difficulties lying down/getting up (16.33; 6.02-44.30). The environment-specific factors associated with SSD were hard and dry (3.50; 1.56-7.84) and hard and wet (8.63; 2.41-30.94) lying surface.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Self-selection enrolment of participants may limit the generalisability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several environmental and horse-related factors were found to be associated with SSD in horses, including hard and dry/wet lying surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144697855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inspiratory and expiratory tracheal pressures during high-intensity exercise in harness racehorses.","authors":"Hanna Vermedal, Ingunn Risnes Hellings, Zoe Louise Fretheim-Kelly, Constanze Fintl, Hanna Margrethe Berg Olsen, Eric Strand","doi":"10.1111/evj.14557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercise-related upper respiratory tract (URT) disorders are common in racehorses. Objective assessment of URT mechanics is essential to quantify degrees of obstruction caused by URT disorders identified upon dynamic endoscopy.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish reference values for inspiratory and expiratory tracheal pressures (cmH₂O) during high-speed treadmill endoscopy in harness racehorses with clinically normal URTs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tracheal pressures were measured in harness racehorses (Standardbreds and Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotters) in which no URT abnormalities were detected. Peak inspiratory and expiratory tracheal pressures were determined for each minute (phase) of a standardised treadmill test, which alternated between trotting with free head carriage (phases 1, 3, 5 and 7) and with poll flexion (phases 2, 4 and 6). Linear mixed-effects models assessed changes in tracheal pressures across the exercise test, and effects of breed, racing experience, respiratory rate and head-neck position (free vs. poll flexion).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-six horses were included. Mean (SD) peak inspiratory tracheal pressures ranged from -21.8 (5.0) cmH₂O in phase 1 to -34.9 (5.3) and -34.3 (5.7) cmH₂O in phases 6 and 7. Inspiratory pressures became significantly more negative across phases (p < 0.001) and were -3.5 cmH₂O (95% CI: -4.0 to -3.0, p < 0.001) lower during poll flexion versus free head carriage. Expiratory tracheal pressures remained stable across exercise phases (11.5 [2.8] to 12.5 [2.6] cmH₂O) with no significant changes. There were no significant differences between the two breeds. Respiratory rate ranged from 79.8 (12.6) to 90.8 (15.0) breaths/min and remained stable between 89.6 and 90.8 breaths/min through phases 3-7.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Simultaneous airflow measurements were not performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inspiratory pressures became more negative with exercise progression and were significantly lower during poll flexion versus free head carriage. Reference values for tracheal pressures from clinically normal horses provide an objective tool for evaluating URT function during exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in smartphone video analysis for equine asthma diagnostic support.","authors":"Carolina Gomes, Luísa Coheur, Paula Tilley","doi":"10.1111/evj.14559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Equine asthma is a prevalent respiratory disease that negatively impacts horses' health and athletic performance. Traditional diagnostic methods are invasive and require specialised equipment. There is a need for a non-invasive, cost-effective screening tool that can be used by veterinarians and horse handlers in ambulatory settings.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the willingness of veterinarians and horse handlers to adopt such a tool (Questionnaire 1) and the challenges associated with visually recognising equine asthma (Questionnaire 2) and to develop EquiBreathe, an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered, non-invasive diagnostic tool designed to enhance equine asthma detection.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross sectional survey and AI model development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two Google Forms questionnaires were distributed. Video recordings of 23 horses (12 diagnosed with asthma and 11 healthy controls) were collected, focusing on nostril and abdominal movements. AI models were trained using feature engineering and image subtraction techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Questionnaire 1 was completed by 18 veterinarians, 24 veterinary students and 121 horse handlers, while Questionnaire 2 involved 10 veterinarians, 23 students and 13 handlers. Respondents showed strong interest in the tool, emphasising its potential to improve communication and diagnostic precision (Questionnaire 1). However, relying solely on visual assessment for asthma detection proved difficult for veterinarians (Questionnaire 2), underscoring the value of AI support. The best-performing AI model achieved 89% accuracy in distinguishing asthmatic from healthy horses using nostril data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrated the need for a field-friendly diagnostic solution. EquiBreathe was shown to have promising potential as a non-invasive, cost-effective screening tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 concentrations in foals during health and respiratory disease.","authors":"Dorothea Hildebrandt, Monica Venner, Kelsey A Hart, Londa Berghaus","doi":"10.1111/evj.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early and specific diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in foals is important to prevent severe disease. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in neonatal pneumonia in other species. Evaluation of these markers in foals with naturally occurring respiratory diseases is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine if CRP and IL-6 were useful predictors of respiratory disease in foals from birth to weaning.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Periodic blood samples from 200 initially healthy foals were collected from birth to weaning on a farm with endemic Rhodococcus equi and Streptococcus equi pneumonia. The foals were examined weekly by physical examination and trans-thoracic ultrasonography to determine the presence or absence of pulmonary consolidation and were divided into three groups after weaning: (1) foals that remained healthy; (2) foals that developed subclinical, mild, self-limiting pulmonary lesions; and (3) foals that developed severe pulmonary lesions and clinical pneumonia that required antimicrobial treatment. Thirty foals from each health group (N = 90 total foals) were randomly selected from the 200 initially enrolled for assessment of associations between CRP and IL-6 concentrations and health status. Data were analysed using linear mixed models, with p-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-related changes were found in both plasma CRP and IL-6 concentrations. Circulating concentrations of CRP were increased through weaning, while plasma IL-6 concentrations decreased through weaning. Respiratory disease did not significantly impact concentrations of CRP or IL-6 at any age.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Timing of sample collection, small sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neither IL-6 nor CRP concentrations were suitable predictors of subclinical or clinical bronchopneumonia in foals in this study. Further studies are needed to determine if more frequent measurement of these markers in foals at the time of pneumonia diagnosis provides helpful diagnostic or prognostic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unwelcome neighbours: Tracking the transmission of Streptococcus equi in the United Kingdom horse population.","authors":"Abigail A McGlennon, Kristien L Verheyen, J Richard Newton, Andries van Tonder, Hayley Wilson, Julian Parkhill, Nicolas de Brauwere, Sara Frosth, Andrew S Waller","doi":"10.1111/evj.14558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strangles (Streptococcus equi infection) remains endemic in the UK, with ~300 laboratory diagnoses annually. Sub-clinically infected long-term carriers are considered a key driver of endemicity. Analysing genomes of circulating strains could provide valuable transmission insights of this pathogen.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the population structure and diversity of UK S. equi isolates and to model transmission using epidemiological and whole genome sequencing data.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological and genomic surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A dated phylogenetic tree derived from 511 S. equi isolates collected from UK horses between 2015 and 2022 was reconstructed. Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) identified clusters of related genomes, while iGRAPH identified clusters of sequences appropriate for transmission analysis, performed using Transphylo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BAPS identified nine groups, with 82% of strains clustering into two (McG-BAPS3, McG-BAPS5). A statistically significant association (p < 0.001) was found between the year of recovery and trends in the frequency of McG-BAPS groups, with McG-BAPS3 increasing and McG-BAPS5 decreasing in prevalence over the study period. Eight transmission clusters encompassing 64% of total sequences (n = 286/447) underwent analysis. Sixteen direct transmission pairs were identified; 10 were between horses from different UK regions. A transmission chain extending over a 6-month period was inferred from isolates from nine horses.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Bacterial strains from sub-clinically infected carrier horses may be underrepresented due to data collection via positive laboratory diagnoses. Furthermore, a low sampling proportion relative to overall UK cases provided only a snapshot of broader, unsampled transmission events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rapid change in S. equi population structure indicates acutely infected/recently convalesced short-term carrier horses play a more influential role in transmission than long-term carriers. Our work provides novel insights to our understanding of S. equi transmission dynamics. Transmission of genetically related strains across diverse regions suggests a real-time sequence-based surveillance system could inform interventions to minimise transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac arrhythmia prevalence and risk factors in 24-h electrocardiograms of sedentary horses.","authors":"Lauren T Maas, Elizabeth Williams Louie, Carrie J Finno, Callum G Donnelly, Joshua A Stern, Ashley E Hill, Jessica M Morgan","doi":"10.1111/evj.14543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac arrhythmias are common in horses, but their clinical relevance remains controversial.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe prevalence and identify risk factors for arrhythmias that may warrant additional screening in a sedentary mixed-breed population of horses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety-four clinically healthy, university-owned, sedentary horses underwent 24-h ambulatory electrocardiograms and echocardiograms. Potential risk factors were recorded for all horses. Affected individuals were defined as those with >1 supraventricular premature complex/h or with any ventricular premature complexes for risk factor analysis. Forward stepwise logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the presence of arrhythmia. The p value <0.15 was considered significant in univariable screening and p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant overall.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During recording, 92.6% (87/94) of horses experienced an arrhythmia. Supraventricular premature complexes were present in 86.2% (81/94) of the horses, and ventricular complexes were present in 24.5% (23/94) of the horses. Of the sample, 38.3% (36/94) were considered affected by arrhythmias. Increased heart girth score was associated with detection of arrhythmias (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1-1.12, p = 0.05) and age was retained in the final model as a confounder.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The study sample included a limited range of body condition scores and number of stallions for risk factor analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Arrhythmias occurred with high frequency in this group of horses despite no known history or clinical signs of cardiovascular disease. Increased heart girth is a potential risk factor for arrhythmia in the horse.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible association of short-term complications and antimicrobial use in standing equine cheek tooth extractions 2018-2022.","authors":"Marlies Schnierer, Omid Nekouei, Lisa Christina Huber, Matthias Jehle, Nora Biermann","doi":"10.1111/evj.14563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance, prophylactic antimicrobials continue to be routinely administered in many procedures, including dental extractions. Further evidence-based research is needed on whether their use influences post-operative complication rates.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify risk factors for short-term complications, associations between complications and antimicrobial use as well as factors leading to antimicrobial use in equine (standing) cheek tooth extractions.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective analysis of clinical records.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were extracted from records of horses undergoing cheek tooth extractions (2018-2022). Multi-variable logistic regression models examined associations between clinical variables and the occurrence of complications and antimicrobial use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and five cases undergoing 447 dental extractions were included. Of these, 197 cases (64.6%) received antimicrobials. Complications occurred in 56 cases (18.4%); these were considered mild and transient in 39 cases (12.7%) and severe, requiring veterinary treatment, in 18 cases (5.6%). Occurrence of complications demonstrated an association with increased antimicrobial use (OR 2.69; CI 1.20-6.04; p = 0.02), presence of concurrent diseases (OR 4.32, CI 1.89-9.84; p = 0.001), extraction of mandibular teeth compared to maxillary teeth (OR 2.20; CI 1.14-4.23; p = 0.018), warmer seasons (OR 1.97; CI 1.03-3.76; p = 0.04) and the reason for extraction being either dental infection (OR 6.37; CI 2.39-16.97; p < 0.001) or dental fracture (OR 3.90; CI 1.53-9.91; p = 0.004) versus periodontal diseases. Antimicrobials were more frequently used when more than 2 teeth were extracted (OR 5.96; CI 2.26-15.70; p < 0.001), when dental infection was the reason for extraction (OR 3.75; CI 1.76-8.02; p = 0.001) or when the extraction was performed in warmer seasons (OR 1.96; CI 1.17-3.29; p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complication rates were comparable to previous studies and in large numbers of horses antimicrobials were not administered, which did not result in higher complication rates. Antimicrobials might be justified in horses suffering from concurrent diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}