Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"Facial pressure beneath a cavesson noseband adjusted to different tightness levels during standing and chewing.","authors":"Hilary M Clayton, Rachel Murray, Jane M Williams, Vicki Walker, Mark Fisher, Diane Fisher, Jane Nixon, Russell Mackechnie-Guire","doi":"10.1111/evj.14451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Noseband adjustment should avoid discomfort and allow some jaw movement.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine pressure beneath a cavesson noseband at five tightness levels during standing and chewing. It was hypothesised that increased noseband tightness is associated with increases in nasal and mandibular pressures while standing and chewing, accompanied by increases in eye temperature and blink rate.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Experimental.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight highly-trained dressage horses wore a snaffle bridle with their own bit. Pressure mats over the nasal bones and beneath the mandibular rami recorded sub-noseband pressures (50 Hz) for five tightness levels (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 finger-equivalents from loosest to tightest) measured using a taper gauge during quiet standing and chewing a treat. Eye temperature and blink rate were recorded synchronously. Data were analysed using Friedmans two-way ANOVA with Wilcoxon post hoc tests and Bonferroni adjustment for repeated measures. Significance level p ≤ 0.01.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During standing, total force increased from (mean ± SD) 5.8 ± 4.4 N (nasal) and 12.3 ± 8.2 N (mandibular) at 2.0 finger-equivalents to 45.1 ± 24.9 N (nasal) and 70.7 ± 25.7 N (mandibular) at 0.0-finger-equivalents. Forces and pressures were higher on the mandibles than nasal bones although differences did not always reach statistical significance. Horses willingly ingested and chewed a treat at all noseband tightness levels generating forces ~100 N and pressure >40 kPa without increases in eye temperature or blink rate that would suggest discomfort. Post hoc tests indicated significantly higher pressure for 0.0 finger-equivalents than 2.0 finger-equivalents (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Small sample size. Nosebands always tested from loosest to tightest.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandibular pressure exceeded nasal pressure and values at both sites increased with noseband tightness. Horses accepted high noseband pressures when chewing a treat with a cavesson adjusted from 0.0 to 2.0 finger-equivalents. Blink rate and eye temperature suggest horses were not distressed when chewing at 2.0 to 0.0 finger-equivalents tightness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for fatality in jump racing Thoroughbreds in Great Britain (2010-2023).","authors":"Sarah E Allen, Sally Taylor, James Given, Kristien L Verheyen","doi":"10.1111/evj.14450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The British horseracing industry is committed to reducing equine fatalities in jump racing. Race-related fatalities are a major welfare concern and threaten the sport's social licence to operate.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the risk of, and determine risk factors for, fatality in British jump racing.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses included all starts made in British jump races between January 2010 and April 2023. Available information for each horse, race, racecourse, trainer and jockey was collated and combined with details of all fatalities recorded by official veterinary officers in a central database. A fatality was defined as any post-start veterinary event that resulted in the sudden death or euthanasia of a horse within 48 h of racing. Risk factors (n = 101) were evaluated using mixed-effects logistic regression. Data for steeplechase and hurdle starts were analysed separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall fatality rate was 5.9 per 1000 steeplechase starts (n = 836/141 922; 95% CI 5.5-6.3) and 4.5 per 1000 hurdle starts (n = 1096/242 486; 95% CI 4.3-4.8). In both race types, fallers (steeplechase: OR 28.7, 95% CI 23.0-35.8; hurdle: OR 41.4, 95% CI 32.9-52.0) and older horses (steeplechase: OR 1.1 per extra year, 95% CI 1.1-1.2; hurdle: OR 1.2 per extra year, 95% CI 1.1-1.2) had higher odds of fatality. In steeplechase racing, starts made in summer (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.5) and by non-GB trained horses (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.0) experienced higher fatality odds. In hurdling, maiden races (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6) were at higher odds of fatality. In both race types, softer going decreased the odds of fatality. Approximately half of the unexplained variation in fatality odds was attributable to horse.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Analysis was restricted to routinely recorded race-day factors and performance history.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reducing the risk of falling and racing on softer ground could substantially decrease fatalities in jump racing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFHA Global Summit on Equine Safety and Technology: Reducing the risk of Exercise Associated Sudden Death.","authors":"Victoria Anne Colgate","doi":"10.1111/evj.14448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should the equine community be concerned about the emergence of the H5N1 subtype of highly pathogenic avian influenza in US cattle?","authors":"Pablo R Murcia, Thomas M Chambers, Janet M Daly, Nicola Pusterla, Batchuluun Damdinjav, Ulaankhuu Ankhanbaatar, Laura Mojsiejczuk","doi":"10.1111/evj.14439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14439","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Warmblood horses following tenoscopic desmotomy of the main part of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon for treatment of tendinopathy: 62 cases.","authors":"Marlis Blatter, Hannah-Sophie Chapman, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Guido von Plato, Astrid Rijkenhuizen","doi":"10.1111/evj.14437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (AL-SDFT) has been described for the treatment of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tendinopathy in Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses, and in event horses. To our knowledge, the outcome of this procedure has not been described in a population of warmblood horses.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report on the outcome of treatment of SDFT tendinopathy in warmblood horses using tenoscopic desmotomy of the main part of the AL-SDFT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective observational case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All 62 horses included in the case series had uni- or bilateral SDFT tendinopathy within the metacarpal/carpal region. The following data were collected and analysed using crosstabulations: breed, age, sex, use, affected limb(s), duration of tendinopathy, lameness grade, type and size of the SDFT lesion, bi- or unilateral desmotomy, duration of surgery, intraoperative findings, intraoperative/post-operative complications, duration of hospitalisation and outcome 24 months after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six horses (75%) were sound with 31 (51%) of these horses performing at the same level as prior to injury. Recurrent SDFT injuries or persistent lameness was observed in 15 (25%) horses. Two horses (3%) developed septic tenosynovitis post-operatively, one required euthanasia. Horses with lesions in the proximal third of the SDFT had a better outcome than those with lesions in the two distal thirds (OR = 4.71, 95% CI = 1.33-16.70).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>There were no control groups of horses with SDFT tendinopathy treated by conservative therapy, tenoscopic complete or conventional open desmotomy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tenoscopic desmotomy of the main part of the AL-SDFT is a successful treatment for SDFT tendinopathy in warmblood horses, especially in proximal SDFT lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142784550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic phospholipase A2: A proposed cause of equine grass sickness and other animal dysautonomias (multiple system neuropathies)","authors":"Bruce McGorum,&nbsp;R. Scott Pirie,&nbsp;Luca Bano,&nbsp;Tracey Davey,&nbsp;John Harris,&nbsp;Cesare Montecucco","doi":"10.1111/evj.14442","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14442","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer reviewers in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/evj.14431","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14431","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/evj.14431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocardiograms from different types of exercise in Eventing horses with and without cardiac signs.","authors":"Cristobal Navas de Solis, Claire Solomon, Mary Durando, Darko Stefanovski","doi":"10.1111/evj.14449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exercising arrhythmias can be clinically irrelevant or associated with poor performance, collapse and sudden cardiac death.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To test if readable exercising ECGs can be recorded by grooms or riders and to describe arrhythmias in ECGs from different types of exercise in Eventing horses and investigate associations with type of workout, the presence of previous cardiac signs and intensity of exercise.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single lead exercising ECGs were obtained by riders or grooms during training and competition from a convenience sample of horses in training for Eventing competitions. Arrhythmias were described, and associations between different arrhythmia categories and variables that described the horse and the workouts were sought.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 1002 ECGs from 62 horses (median [range] 7 [2-97] ECGs/horse) evaluated and 737 workouts (73.6%) were >95% readable and included in the analysis. There were arrhythmias in 250 (33.9%) of the workouts, complex arrhythmias in 13 (1.8%) and the number of premature complexes was median (range) 0 (0-118). Peak heart rate and duration of exercise were associated with the number of premature complexes, the presence of arrhythmias and complex arrhythmias and were colinear with the type of exercise. Having previous signs of cardiac disease and the type of workout were associated with higher odds of having arrhythmias.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Monitoring the rhythm of equine athletes with ECGs obtained by riders and transmitted to an online cloud was feasible. Arrhythmias were frequent, and complex arrhythmias were rare. The presence of cardiac signs, type of exercise and peak heart rate were associated with the presence of arrhythmias. None of the horses developed poor performance or collapse attributed to cardiac disease. The arrhythmias that should be concerning for equine veterinarians need further definition.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical insights: Upper appendicular, pelvic and axial skeletal pathology with poor performance","authors":"Troy N. Trumble","doi":"10.1111/evj.14440","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142779551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and morphological features of corneal lymphoma in 26 horses (27 eyes).","authors":"Jacob M Morris, Mary E Lassaline, Catherine M Nunnery, Leandro B C Teixeira, Bianca C Martins, Bret A Moore, Kelly E Knickelbein, Nicki M Sherrer, Caryn E Plummer","doi":"10.1111/evj.14446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little information describing the biologic behaviour and therapies for corneal lymphoma exist.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To characterise histologically confirmed equine corneal lymphoma considering breed, age or sex predisposition, histologic and immunologic features, therapies and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicentre retrospective medical record review was used to identify horses that presented with corneal disease confirmed morphologically as corneal lymphoma from 2012 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age at diagnosis was 10.5 years. Males represented 18/26 cases. Warmblood (14) and Thoroughbred (6) breeds were most commonly represented. 25/26 had unilateral ocular involvement. No cases had evidence of multicentric lymphoma. Most eyes (77.7%) had a history of suspected immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK) or eosinophilic keratitis. Morphological diagnosis confirming lymphoma was available for all cases. B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in 19/24 eyes for which immunohistochemistry was performed, with intermediate to large B-cell lymphoma being most common. Fifteen of 27 eyes received at least one form of adjunctive therapy following keratectomy. Four eyes, which did not receive adjunctive therapy following keratectomy, experienced recurrence. No horses treated with adjunctive therapy following keratectomy experienced recurrence. Malignant transformation of IMMK to lymphoma was morphologically documented in one eye and suspected in three others based on recurrence of clinical signs. All globes were retained and visualised at the last follow-up.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Incomplete medical records, owner subjectivity concerning onset of disease and cases being lost to follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Malignant transformation of IMMK to corneal lymphoma likely occurs in horses. Lymphoma should be a differential for nonulcerative keratitis in horses. Keratectomy and histopathology may be considered in progressive or refractory cases of IMMK to rule out neoplastic disease. Recurrence of corneal lymphoma is unlikely following excision and adjunctive therapy. Cases with large corneal surface area or deep stromal involvement may have a likelihood for recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}