Equine Veterinary Journal最新文献

{"title":"The proteomic differences and expression of fatty acid-binding protein 6 (FABP6) associated with gastrointestinal injury in horses with oral administration of a clinical dose of phenylbutazone.","authors":"Ruethaiwan Vinijkumthorn, Nawarus Prapaiwan, Thanapon Chotikaprakal, Phirom Prompiram, Narumon Phaonakrop, Sittiruk Roytrakul, Parichart Tesena","doi":"10.1111/evj.14538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenylbutazone (PBZ) can potentially induce gastrointestinal ulceration, and early detection of PBZ-induced gastroenteropathy will be useful for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of PBZ toxicity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify putative proteins associated with equine gastric ulcer syndrome after clinical dose (4.4 mg/kg) administration of PBZ by proteomic study.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Proteomic analysis using LC-MS/MS compared protein expression in serum and faeces of seven PBZ-treated horses with seven placebo-treated controls, and a novel putative biomarker was validated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) analysis on 5298 serum annotated proteins and 3538 faecal annotated proteins using the DESeq2 were performed between the control and treatment of EGUS groups. The results showed a list of 226 and 181 significant proteins in serum and faecal samples, respectively with a p adjust value <0.05. The proteomic serum and faeces samples were integrated into STITCH to illustrate PBZ interaction with bile acid homeostasis. FABP6 was significantly increased in PBZ-treated horses. The serum FABP6 concentration in the treatment group on Day 8 (1.80 ± 0.37 ng/mL) was higher than on Day 0 (1.15 ± 0.33 ng/mL, p = 0.01, 95% CI [-1.07, -0.25]). On Day 8, the serum FABP6 concentration in the treatment group was also higher than the control group (1.20 ± 0.48 ng/mL; p = 0.02, 95% CI [-1.10, -0.11]).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Validation of all expressed proteins is a main limitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Administration of PBZ at a clinical dose of 4.4 mg/kg twice daily for 7 days may cause gastric mucosal damage. PBZ treatment increased the expression of SLC10A1 and FABP6, suggesting that early gastric mucosal injury may be linked to the bile acid pathway. Bile acids could potentially exacerbate PBZ-induced EGUS.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workshop Report: 2025 Dorothy Russell Havemeyer Foundation Meeting on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome: Advances in the Field","authors":"Benjamin W. Sykes,&nbsp;Gayle D. Hallowell,&nbsp;Frank M. Andrews","doi":"10.1111/evj.14526","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14526","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"823-826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding antimicrobial use by equine owners in Wales: Using cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews.","authors":"Rebekah B Stuart, Fleur Miles-Farrier, Alison M Bard, Gwen Rees","doi":"10.1111/evj.14522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasingly serious threat to human and animal health. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in horses is gathering research interest, although there remain significant evidence gaps. Currently, there is scant qualitative research into equine owners' use of antimicrobials, specifically antibiotics, hindering the design of evidence-based stewardship interventions and policies.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To understand Welsh equine owners' views and behaviours relating to antimicrobial usage.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross sectional survey and qualitative data collection and analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey (n = 319) and semi-structured interviews (n = 21) were conducted with Welsh equine owners. The survey examined participant knowledge of and relationship with their horse(s), sourcing of antibiotics, owner-vet interactions on antibiotic prescribing, antibiotic usage, and their understanding of AMR. Semi-structured in-depth interviews further explored horse owner perspectives, experiences, and decision-making relating to these areas, to add nuance and depth to quantitative data. Survey data were descriptively analysed, and interview data were coded and qualitatively analysed using a thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Welsh equine owners regarded their horses as members of the family (84.8%). Most sourced antibiotics from their vet (68.9%) with a minority (5.1%) never having done so or having used antibiotics left over (16.6%) and 13.6% would consider changing veterinary practice if they did not receive antibiotics when they requested them. Interview data suggest that antibiotic use was shaped by (i) key relationships of care (human-animal and owner-vet); (ii) competing priorities (treatment need versus ease of administration); and (iii) imperfect comprehension (education, information, AMU/AMR knowledge).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Potential self-selection bias of respondents due to the voluntary nature of participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights variations in the horse-owner relationship, conflicting priorities involved in horse ownership, and the quality of vet-client relationships which may influence treatment decision-making. It raises some concerns about the sourcing of antibiotics and variable understanding of AMR, with important implications for antimicrobial stewardship and educational priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical insights: Advances in equine adult critical care","authors":"Kate F. McGovern","doi":"10.1111/evj.14523","DOIUrl":"10.1111/evj.14523","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":"57 4","pages":"820-822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144101643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western performance horses with fetlock lameness demonstrate radiographic evidence of chronic exercise remodelling.","authors":"Gabrielle Solum, Elizabeth Acutt, Sherry A Johnson, Tianjian Zhou, Erin K Contino, Josh R Donnell, Alan Donnell, David D Frisbie","doi":"10.1111/evj.14514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pathological changes of the fetlock joint are well documented in Thoroughbreds, but little information is available describing the common radiographic findings in western performance horses with fetlock lameness.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe radiographic findings in western performance horses with fetlock lameness. It was hypothesised that the degree of lameness would correlate with the severity of radiographic findings.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review (2012-2022) of horses with lameness isolated to the fetlock joint via intra-articular analgesia and corresponding radiographs was included. Signalment, lameness, flexion, and effusion grades were recorded. Radiographs were evaluated for presence, severity, and location of pathology. Subjective radiographic severity scores were assigned. Correlations between outcome parameters were evaluated with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Statistically significant changes in median lameness grades for each radiographic abnormality were determined using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety cases met inclusion criteria. Radiographic lesions were identified in 96.7% of cases. Distal cannon bone sclerosis, periarticular osteophytes, increased soft tissue opacity, proximal phalanx (P1) sclerosis, and subchondral bone (SCB) defects were most common. Horses with SCB cysts (median 3; Interquartile range (IQR) 2.25-3.75; p < 0.05), P1 fissures (median 3; IQR 3-3; p < 0.05), or proximal P1 sclerosis (median 2; IQR 2-3; p < 0.05) had significantly higher median lameness grades. No significant correlation was established between overall radiographic score and lameness grade (r = 0.16, p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Outcome parameters were not captured for every horse due to retrospective design. Diagnostic analgesia has inherent limitations with specificity and interpretation of results. Using multiple clinicians may have led to inconsistencies in lameness grade, flexion response, and improvement after diagnostic analgesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Horses in this study demonstrated changes associated with chronic exercise-induced remodelling and degenerative joint disease. While the degree of lameness did not correlate with the overall radiographic score, certain radiographic findings-P1 sclerosis, SCB cysts, and P1 fissures-were correlated with a higher degree of lameness.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of pathogens in an equine fever diagnostic panel: 2019-2023.","authors":"Toby L Pinn-Woodcock, Melissa S Aprea, Manigandan Lejeune, Joy E Tomlinson","doi":"10.1111/evj.14527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A common diagnostic approach for febrile horses is to test for a panel of potential pathogens. Panels are curated by expert opinion and vary between diagnostic laboratories.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the results of a newly developed equine fever diagnostic panel (EFDP) between 2019 and 2023 and evaluate the frequency of positive results.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective descriptive study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EFDP requires submission of whole blood, nasal swab, and faecal samples, and includes PCR tests for 12 pathogens that can present as fever without localising signs of illness or infection. Submission metadata and results of all submissions with EFDP performed between July 2019 and April 2023 were tabulated. Submissions were excluded if horses were <1 year old or any tests were cancelled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One or more pathogens were identified on the EFDP in 366/961 (38%) cases. The most common pathogens identified were Anaplasma phagocytophilum and beta coronavirus. Co-infections with 2 or 3 pathogens were identified in 48/366 (13%) positive panels. Ancillary testing detected Salmonella in 5/23 (22%) submissions.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Clinical information regarding the cases was lacking. The majority of submissions originated from the northeastern United States, and results might not be generalisable to other geographic regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The panel was able to detect a possible causative agent in approximately a third of cases. Based on the results of ancillary testing and recent literature, Potomac Horse Fever PCR on faeces (in addition to whole blood) and Salmonella culture have been added to the EFDP as of November 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racing and sales performance in Thoroughbred yearlings after carpal osteochondral fragment removal.","authors":"Daria C Debald, Victoria L Stanton, Cole B Sandow, Dwayne H Rodgerson, Michael A Spirito, Robert J Hunt, Bruno C Menarim","doi":"10.1111/evj.14532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While radiographically evident carpal osteochondral fragments (COF) in Thoroughbred yearlings impair sales, their impact on future racing performance has been minimally investigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the impact of COF on Thoroughbred yearling sales and racing performance, and whether these are improved by arthroscopic removal. We hypothesised that surgical removal of COF improves Thoroughbred yearling sales and racing performance.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using clinical records from years 2015-2018, 46 Thoroughbred yearlings with COF were identified and allocated to a surgically (SX group, n = 26) or conservatively (No-SX, n = 20) treated group. A control group consisted of 138 sire- and year-matched siblings without radiographic findings. Data were analysed using ANOVA with backward selection regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identification of COF on radiographic surveys was associated with significantly lower sales prices and total winnings, regardless of treatment, with horses in both SX and No-SX groups achieving fewer starts and seasons raced when compared with controls. Overall variables and co-variables indicating racing and sales performances did not differ significantly between the SX group and the No-SX group; however, horses with COF treated surgically were more likely to achieve a racing career than those treated conservatively (OR: 6.2, p = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.987-69.690). When compared with control horses, conservative management of COF was overall associated with significantly poorer sales and racing performances. No such differences were observed between the SX group and the control group.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The limited sample size and single centre limit generalisability. No further radiographic re-examination data were obtained during horses' careers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicates that COF can impair a Thoroughbred's racing and especially sales performance. Larger cohorts of affected horses may help demonstrate the benefits of arthroscopic COF removal on sales and athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine fatalities in equestrian eventing.","authors":"Heather A Cameron-Whytock, Denzil O'Brien, Victoria Lewis, Tim Parkin, Euan D Bennet","doi":"10.1111/evj.14529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To date, industry and research outputs that have aimed to improve safety in equestrian eventing have tended to focus on identifying risk factors for horse falls during cross-country, which have been identified as the greatest risk of injury and fatality for riders. There is an absence of research that investigates fatalities of horses within the sport of eventing.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To use a combination of media reports and eventing federation databases to describe and document equine fatalities in equestrian eventing, including their context, location and a basic pathology.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study describing equine fatalities that occurred between 1998 and 2023. Study data were taken from a combination of media reports (to identify occurrences of equine fatalities) and federation databases (to confirm a fatality did indeed occur and validate data).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and ten equine fatality records were included. Median horse age was 12 years. 62.7% of equine fatalities were not associated with a report of a horse fall during the cross-country phase. Of all fatalities, 36.4% involved a musculoskeletal (MSK) injury, 36.4% were considered sudden death and 27.3% did not report the pathology (unknown). A total of 47.5% of MSK-related fatalities and 90% of sudden death fatalities occurred during cross-country but were unrelated to horse falls at cross-country fences.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The data presented within this study do not provide a complete picture of global equine eventing fatalities during the study period. Details around the context/pathology of fatalities are also limited because of the sources they are derived from.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that equine fatalities in eventing occur in contexts other than horse falls, including as a result of MSK injury and sudden death. Future research and risk management work in eventing should include work that investigates sudden death and MSK injury in eventing horses and their causative/associative factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation strategies of Icelandic horses with induced transient hindlimb lameness at walk, trot and tölt.","authors":"Marie Rhodin, Filipe M Serra Bragança, Emma Persson-Sjodin, Sigríður Björnsdóttir, Helga Gunnarsdottir, Vikingur Gunnarsson, Elin Hernlund, Ineke H Smit","doi":"10.1111/evj.14525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Icelandic horses are valued for their additional gaits, but assessing lameness in this breed can be challenging. Pelvic (P) vertical movement asymmetries, differences (D) in minimum (min)/maximum (max) position, are used to quantify impact (PDmin) and push-off (PDmax) hindlimb lameness during the trot, but no established parameters exist for detecting hindlimb lameness in other gaits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate temporal stride parameters and upper-body movement asymmetry after transient hindlimb lameness induction in walk, trot and tölt.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>In vivo experiment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven Icelandic horses were measured before and after hindlimb lameness was induced (sole pressure). Vertical movement asymmetry of Head (H)/Pelvis (HDmin/HDmax/PDmin/PDmax) and hip-hike were measured during ridden walk, sitting trot and tölt as well as in-hand walk and trot, using an inertial measurement unit system. Linear mixed models compared sound and lame conditions within each gait, and differences in estimated marginal means (mm) between conditions are presented, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lameness induction significantly increased PDmin asymmetry in all gaits except walk in-hand: walk (PDmin_ridden: 5.07), trot (PDmin_hand: 10.72, PDmin_ridden: 9.85) and tölt (PDmin_ridden: 4.88). However, PDmax increased only for trot in-hand (PDmax_hand: 4.80). Hip-hike increased on the lame limb side at trot (hip-hike_hand: 20.90, hip-hike_ridden: 10.81) and tölt (hip-hike_ridden: 4.28).</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>Findings need verification in clinically lame Icelandic horses with varying diagnoses and lameness severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDmin and hip-hike appear to be effective parameters for detecting mild hoof-associated hindlimb lameness in Icelandic horses when trotting in-hand or ridden. At walk or tölt under saddle, only slight PDmin changes were observed, likely due to lower limb loading in those gaits and the pelvic minimum position associating with different loading stages throughout the stride cycle for walking and running gaits. These findings suggest trot is the preferred gait for assessing mild hindlimb lameness in Icelandic horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equine epiglottitis: Diagnosis, treatment and outcome.","authors":"Carlos Jimenez, Patricia Hogan, Reza Belaghi, Alexandra Curtiss","doi":"10.1111/evj.14528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epiglottitis is an uncommon upper airway pathology manifested endoscopically by mucosal oedema, reddening and thickening of the epiglottic mucosa. Literature on epiglottitis in horses is sparse.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of Thoroughbred and Standardbred racehorses diagnosed with epiglottitis at a single centre. A secondary objective is to demonstrate the efficacy of inhaled and topical anti-inflammatories for this condition.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records (2009-2023) were reviewed for racehorses treated for epiglottitis. Data collected included signalment, history, endoscopic findings, treatment progression, hospitalisation duration and any reason for re-admission. Race records were obtained to determine days to first race, earnings and career length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four horses were included in the study. Horses were referred for a variety of upper airway abnormalities including epiglottic entrapment, dysphagia and respiratory stridor. Of the horses admitted for epiglottic entrapment (18), a more accurate diagnosis of epiglottitis was made based on admission endoscopy. Horses were treated with systemic, topical and inhaled anti-inflammatories, as well as topical and inhaled antimicrobials. Twenty-two horses (91.6%) returned to racing after discharge. Eight horses (33.3%) were re-admitted, including six for recurrent epiglottitis and two for other airway pathologies.</p><p><strong>Main limitations: </strong>The major limitations include those inherent to a retrospective report. The results would be stronger with higher case numbers. Additionally, we did not have sufficient case numbers to compare outcomes of horses treated with inhaled medications versus those that were not. Racehorses inevitably develop other racing-related problems which confound studies of this nature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Epiglottitis is a rare upper airway condition that is challenging to diagnose. However, when accurately identified, it can be successfully treated, offering a good prognosis for a return to athletic function.</p>","PeriodicalId":11796,"journal":{"name":"Equine Veterinary Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}