Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Abortion Ratios After First-Trimester Exposure to Teratogenic Medication in People with Disabilities.","authors":"Andi Camden, Isobel Sharpe, Hong Lu, Hilary K Brown","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Right censoring and mortality in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and Women's Interagency HIV Study.","authors":"Jessie K Edwards, Tiffany L Breger, Stephen R Cole, Paul N Zivich, Bonnie E Shook-Sa, Leah M Sadinski, Daniel Westreich, Andrew Edmonds, Catalina Ramirez, Igho Ofotokun, Seble G Kassaye, Todd T Brown, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Valentina Stosor, Robert Bolan, Sarah Krier, Deborah L Jones, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Mardge Cohen, Phyllis C Tien, Tonya Taylor, Kathryn Anastos, M Bradley Drummond, Michelle Floris-Moore","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001852","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidemiologists frequently employ right censoring to handle missing outcome, covariate, or exposure data incurred when participants have large gaps between study visits or stop attending study visits entirely. But, if participants who are censored are more or less likely to experience outcomes of interest than those not censored, such censoring could introduce bias in estimated measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined how censoring after two consecutive missed visits may affect mortality results from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). MACS and WIHS provide linkages to vital statistics registries, such that mortality data were available for all participants, regardless of whether they attended study visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In a gold standard analysis that did not censor after two consecutive missed visits, 10-year mortality was 23% (95% CI: 22, 24) in MACS and 21% (95% CI: 20, 23) in WIHS. Estimated mortality was modestly reduced by 0-5% across subgroups when censoring at missed visits. Applying inverse probability of censoring weights partially removed this attenuation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While mortality was slightly elevated after two consecutive missed visits in MACS and WIHS, censoring at two consecutive missed visits did not substantially alter estimated mortality, particularly after applying inverse probability of censoring weights.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of power outages on cardiovascular hospitalizations among Medicare Fee-for-Service enrollees in New York State, 2017-2018.","authors":"Vivian Do, Heather Kathleen McBrien, Donald Edmondson, Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, Joan Allison Casey","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Power outages are common. They can result in exposure to extreme temperatures by shutting off temperature-controlling devices, and thereby also cause stress. Consequently, outages may precipitate cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related hospitalizations. We assessed this relationship among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We leveraged 2017-2018 data from 245,452 New York State Medicare Fee-for-Service beneficiaries (65+ years) with 390,530 CVD hospitalizations. Using NY Department of Public Services data, we calculated total hours without power 1 day, 1-2 days, and 1-3 days before case and control periods, with an outage ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA)-hour defined based on ≥10% percent of customers in a ZCTA-hour without power in primary analyses. We used a case-crossover study design and ran conditional logistic regression to assess associations separately within each urbanicity level: New York City (NYC), non-NYC urban, and rural areas. We additionally stratified models by warm versus cool season, individual-level age and sex, and ZCTA-level socioeconomic factors. Secondarily, we considered emergency (n = 298,910) and non-emergency hospitalizations separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generally observed null associations between power outages and all CVD hospitalizations across New York State and within sub-groups. For example, in NYC, we observed a rate ratio of 1.05 (95% CI: 0.85-1.30) for each additional power outage hour 1 day prior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The case-crossover design we used eliminated time-fixed confounding, but there were a limited number of exposed cases, limiting statistical power. Future studies should investigate co-occurring severe weather, span additional years, and evaluate other and broader geographic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient air pollution exposures and subsequent children's executive function.","authors":"Tomoyuki Kawada","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Early-life Trauma With Gestational Diabetes and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.","authors":"Sharonda M Lovett, Jennifer M P Woo, Katie M O'Brien, Samantha E Parker, Dale P Sandler","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001817","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early-life trauma (before age of 18 years) is hypothesized to increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes through stress pathways, yet epidemiologic findings are mixed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sister Study participants (US women aged 35-74 years enrolled 2003-2009) completed an adapted Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey at the first follow-up visit. Lifetime history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP: pregnancy-related high blood pressure, pre-eclampsia/toxemia, or eclampsia) in pregnancies lasting ≥20 weeks was self-reported. We used log-binomial regression to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between early-life trauma (modeled using conventional measures [e.g., any experience, substantive domains, individual types] and latent classes of co-occurring traumas) and GDM or HDP among 34,879 parous women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately, 4% of participants reported GDM and 11% reported HDP. Relative to no early-life trauma, the RRs for any were 1.1 (95% CI = 1.0, 1.3) for GDM and 1.2 (95% CI = 1.2, 1.3) for HDP. Women reporting physical trauma had the highest risk of GDM and HDP in comparison to other substantive domains. In analyses using latent classes of early-life trauma, high trauma was associated with an elevated risk of both GDM (RR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.5, 2.6) and HDP (RR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.4, 2.0) compared with low trauma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women experiencing high levels of trauma in early life were at higher risk of GDM and HDP, adding to a growing evidence base for this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"149-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza Activity and Preterm Birth in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area: A Time-Series Analysis from 2010 to 2017.","authors":"Xiaping Zheng, Tingyu Wang, Hua Hao, Rohan R D'Souza, Matthew J Strickland, Joshua L Warren, Lyndsey A Darrow, Howard H Chang","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001819","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Annual influenza epidemics lead to a substantial public health burden, and pregnant people are vulnerable to severe outcomes. Influenza during pregnancy is hypothesized to increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes, but population-based epidemiologic evidence remains limited and inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a time-series analysis to estimate short-term associations between community-level seasonal influenza activity and daily counts of preterm births in Atlanta, United States from October 17, 2010 to July 10, 2017. We defined weekly influenza exposures four ways: (1) percent test-positive from virologic surveillance, (2) percent of patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) in outpatient settings, (3) a composite measure of percent test-positive and ILI, and (4) influenza hospitalization rates. We used Poisson log-linear models to estimate associations, adjusting for time-varying confounders and ongoing at-risk pregnancies. We further examined associations by influenza type and exposure lags and effect modification by maternal characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We studied a total of 316,253 births. We found consistent positive associations between influenza activity and preterm birth across different exposure measures and exposure lags. An interquartile range increase in a composite measure of ILI activity and percent test-positive was associated with a 1.014 (95% confidence interval: 1.001-1.027) increase in preterm birth during the same week. In stratified analyses, associations were more pronounced among married, non-Black, and Hispanic pregnant people.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Periods of high influenza activity were associated with an increased risk of preterm birth.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Natural effects with a recanting witness: non-identifiability or meaningless estimand?","authors":"","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":"36 2","pages":"e4"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Status, Smoking, and Lung Cancer: Mediation and Bias Analysis in the SYNERGY Study.","authors":"Jan Hovanec, Benjamin Kendzia, Ann Olsson, Joachim Schüz, Hans Kromhout, Roel Vermeulen, Susan Peters, Per Gustavsson, Enrica Migliore, Loredana Radoi, Christine Barul, Dario Consonni, Neil E Caporaso, Maria Teresa Landi, John K Field, Stefan Karrasch, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Jack Siemiatycki, Marie-Elise Parent, Lorenzo Richiardi, Lorenzo Simonato, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Wolfgang Ahrens, Hermann Pohlabeln, Guillermo Fernández-Tardón, David Zaridze, John R McLaughlin, Paul A Demers, Beata Świątkowska, Jolanta Lissowska, Tamás Pándics, Eleonora Fabianova, Dana Mates, Miriam Schejbalova, Lenka Foretova, Vladimír Janout, Paolo Boffetta, Francesco Forastiere, Kurt Straif, Thomas Brüning, Thomas Behrens","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001807","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased lung cancer risks for low socioeconomic status (SES) groups are only partially attributable to smoking habits. Little effort has been made to investigate the persistent risks related to low SES by quantification of potential biases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on 12 case-control studies, including 18 centers of the international SYNERGY project (16,550 cases, 20,147 controls), we estimated controlled direct effects (CDE) of SES on lung cancer via multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, study center, and smoking habits and stratified by sex. We conducted mediation analysis by inverse odds ratio weighting to estimate natural direct effects and natural indirect effects via smoking habits. We considered misclassification of smoking status, selection bias, and unmeasured mediator-outcome confounding by genetic risk, both separately and by multiple quantitative bias analyses, using bootstrap to create 95% simulation intervals (SI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mediation analysis of lung cancer risks for SES estimated mean proportions of 43% in men and 33% in women attributable to smoking. Bias analyses decreased the direct effects of SES on lung cancer, with selection bias showing the strongest reduction in lung cancer risk in the multiple bias analysis. Lung cancer risks remained increased for lower SES groups, with higher risks in men (fourth vs. first [highest] SES quartile: CDE, 1.50 [SI, 1.32, 1.69]) than women (CDE: 1.20 [SI: 1.01, 1.45]). Natural direct effects were similar to CDE, particularly in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bias adjustment lowered direct lung cancer risk estimates of lower SES groups. However, risks for low SES remained elevated, likely attributable to occupational hazards or other environmental exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back to Basics: What Descriptive Epidemiology Can Teach Us About the Recent Rise in Firearm Homicide.","authors":"Veronica A Pear, Julia P Schleimer","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001827","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"183-185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure and Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients.","authors":"Wei Liang, Aojing Han, Dong Hou, Ruihan Li, Qilin Hu, Huanfeng Shen, Yalei Jin, Hao Xiang","doi":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001825","DOIUrl":"10.1097/EDE.0000000000001825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is common among HIV/AIDS patients, impacting prognosis. Particulate matter (PM) exposure is an understudied, potentially modifiable risk factor in this group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We gathered 36,266 hemoglobin (Hb) measurements from 6808 HIV/AIDS patients from the HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2021. We evaluated the relationship between Hb levels and short-term PM exposure using linear mixed-effects models. We used logistic regression to estimate the association of long-term PM exposure with baseline anemia prevalence and time-varying Cox models to estimate the association of long-term PM exposure with follow-up incidence of anemia. Mediation analysis explored the role of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the association between PM exposure and anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For every 5 µg/m³ increase in 28-day average PM 1 , Hb levels decreased by 0.43 g/l. For a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM 2.5 , Hb decreased by 0.55 g/l; for the same increase in PM 10, Hb decreased by 0.35 g/l. A 5 µg/m³ increase in 1-year average PM 1 corresponded to a 7% higher prevalence of anemia at baseline, a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM 2.5 to 8% higher prevalence, and a 10 µg/m³ increase in PM 10 to 6% higher prevalence. These rises in average PM concentrations during follow-up were associated with increased incident anemia by 54% (PM 1 ), 72% (PM 2.5 ), and 51% (PM 10 ). CKD partially mediated the positive associations between PM exposure and the incidence of anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PM exposure was associated with lower Hb levels and higher incidence of anemia in HIV/AIDS patients and CKD with mediating estimated effects in PM-induced anemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":11779,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"216-226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}