{"title":"Toxicity of Phenyl Isothiocyanate and Its Sublethal Effects on Growth, Development and Oviposition in Bt-Susceptible and Bt-Resistant Pink Bollworms","authors":"Ling Wang, Dong Xu, Weiguo Liu, Shengbo Cong, Wenjing Li, Nina Yang, Haichen Yin, Lirong Jin, Huaiheng Wu, Peng Wan","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pest development of resistance to <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal proteins threatens the sustainability of Bt crops, and it is therefore necessary to explore ecofriendly alternative insecticides for controlling Bt-resistant populations. Isothiocyanates are plant secondary metabolites that exhibit a diverse array of types and resistance against a broad spectrum of insect pests, but their effects on pink bollworms remain unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effects of phenyl isothiocyanate on Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant pink bollworms (<i>Pectinophora gossypiella</i>). The LC<sub>50</sub> values of phenyl isothiocyanate for Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant larvae were 26.4 and 28.6 μg/mL, respectively. The LC<sub>30</sub> sublethal dose of phenyl isothiocyanate significantly impaired the 7-day larval survival, the pupation rate, neonate-to-adult survival, the pupal weight, eggs per female and the egg hatching rate and prolonged the larval developmental period but not pupal duration for both strains. The response to phenyl isothiocyanate ingestion did not differ significantly between the two strains, implying that the Bt-resistant strain did not possess cross-resistance to phenyl isothiocyanate. These results provide scientific evidence for enriching green control technologies, resistance management tactics and comprehensive management measures for pink bollworm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Showket Ahmad Dar, Marwa Saad, Wajid Hasan, Yendrembam K. Devi, Fouad Lamghari Ridouane, Khawlah Alyammahi, Saad H. D. Masry, Kangjam Bumpy, Kounser Javeed, Hanaa S. Hussein, Lamia M. El-Samad
{"title":"Solitary Bees as Vital Bioindicators: A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity, Decline, and Conservation Imperatives of the Halictidae Family","authors":"Showket Ahmad Dar, Marwa Saad, Wajid Hasan, Yendrembam K. Devi, Fouad Lamghari Ridouane, Khawlah Alyammahi, Saad H. D. Masry, Kangjam Bumpy, Kounser Javeed, Hanaa S. Hussein, Lamia M. El-Samad","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pollination, a keystone ecological process sustaining most flowering plant communities, is indispensable to human survival, with over 500 cultivated plant species relying on insect pollinators. Solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) are critical contributors to this service, requiring specialized foraging, nesting, and habitat resources. Plant diversity strongly correlates with pollinator community composition, underscoring the ecological interdependence of these groups. Within solitary bees, the family Halictidae (~4500 species) plays a disproportionately significant role in global pollination networks. Halictids exhibit remarkable diversity in social organization—ranging from solitary to communal, semi-social, and primitively eusocial behaviors—shaped by floral resource availability, geographic distribution, and climatic factors. The subfamily Halictinae represents the group's greatest diversity, with the tribe Halictini comprising 53.3% of described species. Key pollinator genera such as <i>Lasioglossum</i> (e.g., <i>Lasioglossum marginatum</i>, <i>Lasioglossum leucozonium</i>) dominate temperate ecosystems. However, population declines in solitary bees have severely disrupted pollination services across wild and cultivated plant systems, exacerbating global concerns over insect biodiversity loss and biomass reduction. These declines threaten foundational ecosystem services, necessitating urgent research to refine species diversity estimates, identify habitat conservation priorities, and implement evidence-based protective policies. This review highlights the need for standardized methodologies to accurately assess global bee diversity and proposes targeted strategies to mitigate conservation challenges for Halictidae and other solitary bee taxa.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam M. Alomran, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Afaf Abdullah Rashed, Walaa M. Alkot, Doaa M. El-talpanty, Ahmed M. Abouelatta, Ahmed Fayez Omar, Eslam A. Negm, Khaled Abdelaal
{"title":"Effect of High Temperature on Two Major Stored Product Insects and the Effect on Germination of Wheat and Cowpea Seeds","authors":"Maryam M. Alomran, Nadi Awad Al-Harbi, Afaf Abdullah Rashed, Walaa M. Alkot, Doaa M. El-talpanty, Ahmed M. Abouelatta, Ahmed Fayez Omar, Eslam A. Negm, Khaled Abdelaal","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high temperature (45°C–80°C) on two major stored product insects and the effect on germination of cowpea seeds. High temperature influenced mortality% of adults, immature stages, hatchability%, reduction% of insects and weight loss% as well as germination% of seeds. The complete mortality 100% of <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> was obtained with the treatment 55°C/40 min, 60°C/30 min, 65°C/20 min, 70°C/20 min, 75°C/15 min, and 80°C/5 min. The complete mortality 100% of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> was obtained with the treatment 55°C/30 min, 60°C/25 min, 65°C/20 min, 70°C/15 min, 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min. Furthermore, the temperature at 45°C/30 min, 55°C/20 min, 60°C and 65°C/15 min, 70°C and 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min did not have any harmful effects on humans or on the environment. The best results were achieved with application of temperature at 45°C/30 min, 55°C/20 min, 60°C and 65°C/15 min, 70°C and 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min without injurious effects on grain and seed germination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatial Evaluation of Chironomus plumosus Distribution Around Agricultural Processing Facilities in Response to Climate Change","authors":"Tae-Hyeon Kim, Jae-Min Jung, Wang-Hee Lee","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Chironomus plumosus</i> is a pest with the potential to cause hygiene and safety issues within agricultural processing facilities. Assessing the potential distribution of agricultural facilities in advance could provide valuable data for effectively addressing these concerns. In this study, we used MaxEnt, a correlative species distribution modeling (SDM) algorithm, to assess the spatial distribution of <i>C. plumosus</i> in South Korea. This analysis incorporated climate change scenarios and environmental layers representing the locational density of agricultural processing facilities, thereby providing insights into the potential distribution patterns of pests. The model performance was 0.896, as evaluated using true skill statistics. It indicated a gradual shift in habitat towards the north, extending from the current potential occurrence regions along the coast. This study underscored the critical impact of climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, on pest habitat suitability. Furthermore, it demonstrated the effectiveness of combining environmental variables with agricultural facility distribution for accurate risk mapping. These findings provide a scientific basis for targeted monitoring and pest management strategies to enhance the efficiency of post-harvest processing, minimize pest-related risks, and ensure food safety in agricultural product processing centers (APCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1748-5967.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Species Identification of the Anomala Samouelle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) in South Korea With Pictorial Key and DNA Barcode Library","authors":"Junyoung Lee, Kangjun Min, Geonwoo Ko, Changseob Lim, Yeon Jae Bae","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genus <i>Anomala</i> Samouelle, 1819, is a notorious phytophagous pest that harms plant leaves and roots. In South Korea, eight of 13 species have been designated as pest species and have been managed in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry fields. Accurate identification of pest species is crucial for establishing appropriate pest management strategies. However, identifying Korean <i>Anomala</i> species is often challenging because of intraspecific color variations and complex interspecific morphological differences. Therefore, we developed a practical pictorial key with host plant information of Korean <i>Anomala</i> for precise identification. Based on thorough morphological examinations, a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<i>COI</i>) sequence library for 11 species was established for molecular identification: <i>A. albopilosa</i>, <i>A. chamaeleon</i>, <i>A. corpulenta</i>, <i>A. cuprea</i>, <i>A. geniculata</i>, <i>A. koreana</i>, <i>A. luculenta</i>, <i>A. mongolica</i>, <i>A. rufocuprea</i>, <i>A. sieversi</i>, and <i>A. viridana</i>. All 37 sequences of the 11 species were clustered into conspecific clades on the phylogenetic tree, with interspecific and intraspecific genetic divergences ranging from 2.2% to 13.7% and from 0.1% to 2.8%, respectively. Our pictorial key, DNA barcode library, and host information provide a comprehensive approach for the practical identification of <i>Anomala</i> species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyu-Sik Chang, YoungJee Kim, Bora Lim, Han Seul Jang, Sahyun Hong, Karam Kang, Hyuk Chu
{"title":"Mosquito Surveillance and Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus at Two Points of Entry (PoE), Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port, in the Republic of Korea, 2023","authors":"Kyu-Sik Chang, YoungJee Kim, Bora Lim, Han Seul Jang, Sahyun Hong, Karam Kang, Hyuk Chu","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring invasive mosquitoes and selected pathogens was conducted biweekly at ports of entry (POEs), the Incheon Port (IP), and Incheon International Airport (IA), from June to October 2023. A total of 618 mosquitoes representing 2 subfamilies, 6 genera, and 13 species were collected. At IP-Garo Park (IP-GP), a small park, and IP-Gate3 (IP-G3), a facility staffed 24 h a day and equipped with a septic tank, the incidence of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Culex pipiens</i> s.l. was the highest, respectively.</p>\u0000 <p>A total of 115 pools of female mosquitoes were tested for flaviviruses using qRT-PCR. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in 1pool of <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> s.l. which were collected at IP during September 4, 2023. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) value for <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> collected from June to October was 0.092. The nonstructural protein 5 (<i>NS 5</i>)/3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the JEV genome was sequenced. Sequence alignment of the complete <i>NS 5</i> gene showed high amino acid similarity (98.67%) to JF915894, characterized as genotype V (G-5) from China. These results were shared with the local public health center where the JEV infected mosquitoes were collected to develop control measures for infectious diseases in vector mosquito populations.</p>\u0000 <p>The estimated JEV infection rate (MLE value: < 1) and phylogenetic data demonstrate the inflow of JEV G-5 in <i>Cx. pipiens</i> at IP of entry and stress the importance of surveillance for vector mosquitoes at POE.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Taxonomic and Functional Grouping on Specialization in Plant–Pollinator Networks","authors":"Ehsan Rahimi, Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By examining plant–pollinator networks, researchers can create focused conservation and restoration strategies to support the long-term sustainability of both plant and pollinator populations. This research aims to (1) examine how grouping pollinators into functional groups and higher taxonomic levels affects the degree of specialization and (2) determine the proportion of attractive flowers shared among different taxonomic levels for pollinators. For this study, we analyzed 93 plant–pollinator networks. We identified the family and order for each insect pollinator to establish taxonomic groupings. At this stage, interactions related to species at the family and order levels were aggregated. For functional grouping, we classified insect pollinators such as bees, beetles, flies, moths, butterflies, ants, and others. To measure network specialization, we employed the H2 metric, where H2 values range between 0 and 1, with 1 indicating maximum specialization. We then utilized the <i>t</i>-test to determine if there were significant differences in network specialization between different functional and taxonomic networks. Additionally, we calculated the degree of overlap between plants identified as the most attractive across four levels of taxonomic and functional classifications within each network. Our findings revealed that the degree of specialization within plant–pollinator networks varied across different levels of taxonomic and functional grouping. Additionally, we observed significant differences in the selection of attractive plants depending on the level of classification employed. Certain plants identified as attractive at the species level may not necessarily be recognized at higher taxonomic levels or within functional groups.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Functional Diversity and Ecosystem Health in Organic and Conventional Rice Paddies: A Trait-Based Assessment of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities","authors":"Min Kyung Kim, Dong Gun Kim","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the functional diversity of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in organic paddy and conventional paddy fields using biological trait analysis and assessed ecosystem health through the Korea Wetland Benthic Macroinvertebrate Index (KWBMI). Field surveys were conducted in Yangpyeong-gun, Korea, from June to July 2022, collecting benthic macroinvertebrate samples and environmental data. A total of 76 species, 17 orders, and 6797 individuals were identified, with biological traits analyzed among four categories: feeding habits, living types, food types, and voltinism. Community indices showed distinct differences between OP and CP. The dominance index was higher in OP, whereas CP had greater species diversity and evenness. However, functional diversity indices (FRic, FEve, FDiv, and FDis) were similar between the two fields. Despite this, OP exhibited greater taxonomic diversity within functional groups, whereas CP, despite its higher species diversity, contained functionally similar species. KWBMI scores were 84.4 for OP (Grade A: “very good”) and 75.4 for CP (Grade B: “good”), suggesting the potential benefits of organic farming for ecosystem health. Although functional diversity indices remained similar, differences in taxonomic composition and trait distributions indicate that organic farming may promote taxonomic diversity within functional groups, contributing to ecological stability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Diets as Viable Substitutes for Host Plants in the Growth of Locusta migratoria","authors":"Min Ji Park, Sun Young Kim, Hyung Joo Yoon","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the growth and developmental responses of <i>Locusta migratoria</i> nymphs to different artificial diet formulations and explored efficient feeding strategies to optimize their performance. The diet formulated with wheat bran and fish meal (WF) was more suitable for <i>L. migratoria</i> than the other diets, supporting improved growth and survival. Contrastingly, casein- and sucrose-containing diets (WCS) demonstrated higher cannibalism rates and lower survival. Further fish meal ratio optimization in WF diets demonstrated that wheat bran + fish meal 8% (WF8) provided the most suitable growth and survival balance. WF8 exhibited slightly lower feed efficiency and weight gain than the natural host plants, wheat and corn; however, the developmental period was comparable. This indicated WF8's potential as a promising alternative diet. Particularly, transitioning to artificial diets from the fourth instar after feeding natural host plants until the third instar led to substantially higher survival rates and adult body weight than continuous feeding on a single diet. These results establish WF8 as a promising artificial diet for <i>L. migratoria</i> and provide valuable insights into sustainable and efficient feeding strategies for large-scale insect farming. This study supports the development of sustainable insect production systems and promotes the advancement of the edible insect industry as an alternative protein source.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to “Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Decorated With Magnetic Nanoparticle Encapsulated Sesbania sesban Extract Against Vector Borne Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) as Green Insecticides”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Radwan, I. T.</span>, <span>N. Bagato</span>, <span>M. M. Hegazy</span>, <span>M. M. Baz</span>, <span>H. S. Gattan</span>, <span>M. H. Alruhaili</span>, <span>A. M. Mashlawi</span>, <span>A. M. Alkhaibari</span>, <span>S. M. Alasmari</span>, and <span>A. Selim</span>. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Decorated With Magnetic Nanoparticle Encapsulated <i>Sesbania sesban</i> Extract Against Vector Borne <i>Culex pipiens</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) and <i>Musca domestica</i> (Diptera: Muscidae) as Green Insecticides</span>.” <i>Entomological Research</i> <span>55</span>, no. <span>3</span>: e70029. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70029.\u0000 </p><p>In the author list of the abovementioned article, the affiliation for co-author Abeer Mousa Alkhaibari was listed as “<sup>4</sup>Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman.” This is incorrect.</p><p>The correct affiliation should be as follows:</p><p><sup>10</sup>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1748-5967.70042","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}