Entomological Research最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of Apis mellifera jemenitica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Based on Mitochondrially Encoded NADH Dehydrogenase 4 (ND4)","authors":"Yehya Alattal,&nbsp;Ahmad Alghamdi","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 4 (ND4) gene for 137 native <i>Apis mellifera jemenitica</i> colonies from Saudi Arabia were analyzed. Results revealed eight new ND4 nucleotide haplotypes (1311 bp) and four amino acid haplotypes. Most <i>mt</i>ND4 gene sequences (&gt; 92%) of <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> were identical. However, four samples (3%) showed unusually highly polymorphic sequences. Within-population evolutionary diversity mean in ND4 nucleotide sequences was very low (0.0004). ND4 sequence variations among <i>A</i>. <i>m. jemenitica</i> and the most closely related subspecies <i>A. m. syriaca</i> and <i>A. m. lamarckii</i> were minimal by an average genetic distance of less than 0.005. The lowest evolutionary divergence mean was reported between <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> and <i>A. m. syriaca</i>. Results also showed that most <i>A. mellifera</i> subspecies included in this study could be separated from most <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> samples using one or more variations in amino acid sequences. Distinct amino acid sequence variations, particularly at codon 316, and differences in the restriction map of <i>SspI</i> can separate most <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> samples from the closely related subspecies, <i>A. m. lamarckii</i> and <i>A. m. syriaca</i>. Phylogenetic analyses showed that 19% of the DN4 nucleotide sequences of all samples and 100% of the amino acid sequences from Tabuk and Madinah clustered with the <i>A. m. syriaca</i> reference sequence, indicating a closer evolutionary relationship with the neighboring subspecies, <i>A. m. syriaca</i>. Results also demonstrated the likelihood of a small population with high genetic variability. This might indicate the presence of intensively hybridized colonies within the entire <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> population native to Saudi Arabia. Results also revealed that <i>mt</i>ND4 sequence analyses could be used successfully to distinguish <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> of Saudi Arabia from other <i>A. mellifera</i> subspecies belonging to different evolutionary lineages such as <i>A. m. mellifera</i>, <i>A. m. carnica</i>, <i>A. m. simensis</i>, and <i>A. m. intermissa</i>. The close evolutionary relationship between <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> and <i>A. m. syriaca</i> or <i>A. m. lamarckii</i> and the approaches to separate them should be considered in any conservation efforts of <i>A. m. jemenitica</i> in Saudi Arabia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Influence of Corn and Artificial Diet on the Growth Performance and Nutritional Efficiency of Conogethes punctiferalis","authors":"A. Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;Alok Bharadwaj,&nbsp;Junainah Abd Hamid,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;Abhayveer Singh,&nbsp;Bhavik Jain,&nbsp;Kamal Kant Joshi,&nbsp;A. Sabarivani,&nbsp;Sajid Hussain,&nbsp;Mohammad K. Okla,&nbsp;Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effects of corn and an artificial diet on life history, and nutritional physiology of <i>Conogethes punctiferalis</i> larvae. Nutritional indices such as food consumption index (CI) and relative growth rate (RGR) were evaluated for the fourth and fifth instars on both diets. The results indicated no significant difference in CI between the diets. However, RGR was significantly higher for larvae reared on corn (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Fifth-instar larvae on corn exhibited the highest RGR (1.08 ± 0.01), while the lowest RGR was observed for 1-day-old fourth instars on artificial diet (0.02 ± 3.21). The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and digested food (ECD) were also significantly higher for larvae on corn (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), suggesting superior nutrient assimilation and conversion efficiency compared to artificial diet. Despite similar developmental durations, larvae on artificial diet had a higher survival rate (87.32%) than those on corn (75.01%). Pupal weight was slightly higher on artificial diet, but fecundity was greater on artificial diet (133.63 eggs with 90.76% fertility) compared to corn (129.67 eggs with 86.60% fertility). These findings indicate that corn while promoting higher growth rates and nutrient utilization efficiency, may include less digestible components, whereas artificial diet offers better overall survival and reproductive outcomes. This highlights the potential of optimizing artificial diets to enhance the laboratory rearing efficiency of <i>C. punctiferalis</i> for research and pest management applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144725417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bombyx mori C-Type Lectin 4 Recognizes a Broad Range of Carbohydrates of Microbial Pathogens","authors":"Min Ji Park,&nbsp;Bo Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Hyung Joo Yoon,&nbsp;Sun Young Kim,&nbsp;Kwang Sik Lee,&nbsp;Byung Rae Jin","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>C-type lectins (CTLs) are essential pattern-recognition receptors involved in insect innate immunity, mediating defense responses through carbohydrate binding. In this study, we aimed to clone and functionally characterize <i>Bombyx mori</i> CTL4 (<i>Bm</i>CTL4), focusing on its immunity-related functions and binding specificity. To this end, the <i>Bm</i>CTL4 cDNA was cloned and the recombinant <i>Bm</i>CTL4 protein was expressed using a baculovirus expression system. The recombinant protein was then used to assess its binding specificity via carbohydrate-binding and microbial cell-binding assays. <i>Bm</i>CTL4 contained a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) with a QPD motif, suggesting specificity for galactose-type sugars. <i>Bm</i>CTL4 was upregulated in the fat body following microbial inoculation. Recombinant BmCTL4 exhibited Ca²⁺-dependent binding to microbial cell wall constituents such as LPS, mannan, <i>N</i>-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and peptidoglycan, and directly bound to microbial cell surfaces as confirmed by confocal microscopy. Our findings demonstrate that <i>Bm</i>CTL4 acts as a pattern-recognition receptor with broad carbohydrate-binding activity, contributing to the immune defense mechanisms of <i>B. mori</i>.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144716694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Effect of High Temperature on Two Major Stored Product Insects and the Effect on Germination of Wheat and Cowpea Seeds”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Alomran, M. M.</span>, <span>N. A. Al-Harbi</span>, <span>A. A. Rashed</span>, <span>W. M. Alkot</span>, <span>D. M. El-talpanty</span>, <span>A. M. Abouelatta</span>, <span>A. F. Omar</span>, <span>E. A. Negm</span>, and <span>K. Abdelaal</span>. <span>2025</span>. “ <span>Effect of High Temperature on Two Major Stored Product Insects and the Effect on Germination of Wheat and Cowpea Seeds</span>.” <i>Entomological Research</i> <span>55</span>, no. <span>6</span>: e70049. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1748-5967.70049.\u0000 </p><p>In the list of author affiliations, the third affiliation was listed as follows:</p><p>Biology Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia</p><p>This is incorrect. The correct affiliation should be:</p><p>Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia</p><p>The affiliation has been corrected in the online version of the article.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1748-5967.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of Phenyl Isothiocyanate and Its Sublethal Effects on Growth, Development and Oviposition in Bt-Susceptible and Bt-Resistant Pink Bollworms","authors":"Ling Wang,&nbsp;Dong Xu,&nbsp;Weiguo Liu,&nbsp;Shengbo Cong,&nbsp;Wenjing Li,&nbsp;Nina Yang,&nbsp;Haichen Yin,&nbsp;Lirong Jin,&nbsp;Huaiheng Wu,&nbsp;Peng Wan","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pest development of resistance to <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal proteins threatens the sustainability of Bt crops, and it is therefore necessary to explore ecofriendly alternative insecticides for controlling Bt-resistant populations. Isothiocyanates are plant secondary metabolites that exhibit a diverse array of types and resistance against a broad spectrum of insect pests, but their effects on pink bollworms remain unexplored. Here, we evaluated the effects of phenyl isothiocyanate on Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant pink bollworms (<i>Pectinophora gossypiella</i>). The LC₅₀ values of phenyl isothiocyanate for Bt-susceptible and Bt-resistant larvae were 26.4 and 28.6 μg/mL, respectively. The LC₃₀ sublethal dose of phenyl isothiocyanate significantly impaired the 7-day larval survival, the pupation rate, neonate-to-adult survival, the pupal weight, eggs per female and the egg hatching rate and prolonged the larval developmental period but not pupal duration for both strains. The response to phenyl isothiocyanate ingestion did not differ significantly between the two strains, implying that the Bt-resistant strain did not possess cross-resistance to phenyl isothiocyanate. These results provide scientific evidence for enriching green control technologies, resistance management tactics and comprehensive management measures for pink bollworm.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitary Bees as Vital Bioindicators: A Comprehensive Review of the Diversity, Decline, and Conservation Imperatives of the Halictidae Family","authors":"Showket Ahmad Dar,&nbsp;Marwa Saad,&nbsp;Wajid Hasan,&nbsp;Yendrembam K. Devi,&nbsp;Fouad Lamghari Ridouane,&nbsp;Khawlah Alyammahi,&nbsp;Saad H. D. Masry,&nbsp;Kangjam Bumpy,&nbsp;Kounser Javeed,&nbsp;Hanaa S. Hussein,&nbsp;Lamia M. El-Samad","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pollination, a keystone ecological process sustaining most flowering plant communities, is indispensable to human survival, with over 500 cultivated plant species relying on insect pollinators. Solitary bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) are critical contributors to this service, requiring specialized foraging, nesting, and habitat resources. Plant diversity strongly correlates with pollinator community composition, underscoring the ecological interdependence of these groups. Within solitary bees, the family Halictidae (~4500 species) plays a disproportionately significant role in global pollination networks. Halictids exhibit remarkable diversity in social organization—ranging from solitary to communal, semi-social, and primitively eusocial behaviors—shaped by floral resource availability, geographic distribution, and climatic factors. The subfamily Halictinae represents the group's greatest diversity, with the tribe Halictini comprising 53.3% of described species. Key pollinator genera such as <i>Lasioglossum</i> (e.g., <i>Lasioglossum marginatum</i>, <i>Lasioglossum leucozonium</i>) dominate temperate ecosystems. However, population declines in solitary bees have severely disrupted pollination services across wild and cultivated plant systems, exacerbating global concerns over insect biodiversity loss and biomass reduction. These declines threaten foundational ecosystem services, necessitating urgent research to refine species diversity estimates, identify habitat conservation priorities, and implement evidence-based protective policies. This review highlights the need for standardized methodologies to accurately assess global bee diversity and proposes targeted strategies to mitigate conservation challenges for Halictidae and other solitary bee taxa.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of High Temperature on Two Major Stored Product Insects and the Effect on Germination of Wheat and Cowpea Seeds","authors":"Maryam M. Alomran,&nbsp;Nadi Awad Al-Harbi,&nbsp;Afaf Abdullah Rashed,&nbsp;Walaa M. Alkot,&nbsp;Doaa M. El-talpanty,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Abouelatta,&nbsp;Ahmed Fayez Omar,&nbsp;Eslam A. Negm,&nbsp;Khaled Abdelaal","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high temperature (45°C–80°C) on two major stored product insects and the effect on germination of cowpea seeds. High temperature influenced mortality% of adults, immature stages, hatchability%, reduction% of insects and weight loss% as well as germination% of seeds. The complete mortality 100% of <i>Callosobruchus maculatus</i> was obtained with the treatment 55°C/40 min, 60°C/30 min, 65°C/20 min, 70°C/20 min, 75°C/15 min, and 80°C/5 min. The complete mortality 100% of <i>Rhyzopertha dominica</i> was obtained with the treatment 55°C/30 min, 60°C/25 min, 65°C/20 min, 70°C/15 min, 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min. Furthermore, the temperature at 45°C/30 min, 55°C/20 min, 60°C and 65°C/15 min, 70°C and 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min did not have any harmful effects on humans or on the environment. The best results were achieved with application of temperature at 45°C/30 min, 55°C/20 min, 60°C and 65°C/15 min, 70°C and 75°C/10 min, and 80°C/5 min without injurious effects on grain and seed germination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Evaluation of Chironomus plumosus Distribution Around Agricultural Processing Facilities in Response to Climate Change","authors":"Tae-Hyeon Kim,&nbsp;Jae-Min Jung,&nbsp;Wang-Hee Lee","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Chironomus plumosus</i> is a pest with the potential to cause hygiene and safety issues within agricultural processing facilities. Assessing the potential distribution of agricultural facilities in advance could provide valuable data for effectively addressing these concerns. In this study, we used MaxEnt, a correlative species distribution modeling (SDM) algorithm, to assess the spatial distribution of <i>C. plumosus</i> in South Korea. This analysis incorporated climate change scenarios and environmental layers representing the locational density of agricultural processing facilities, thereby providing insights into the potential distribution patterns of pests. The model performance was 0.896, as evaluated using true skill statistics. It indicated a gradual shift in habitat towards the north, extending from the current potential occurrence regions along the coast. This study underscored the critical impact of climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, on pest habitat suitability. Furthermore, it demonstrated the effectiveness of combining environmental variables with agricultural facility distribution for accurate risk mapping. These findings provide a scientific basis for targeted monitoring and pest management strategies to enhance the efficiency of post-harvest processing, minimize pest-related risks, and ensure food safety in agricultural product processing centers (APCs).</p>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1748-5967.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Identification of the Anomala Samouelle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae) in South Korea With Pictorial Key and DNA Barcode Library","authors":"Junyoung Lee,&nbsp;Kangjun Min,&nbsp;Geonwoo Ko,&nbsp;Changseob Lim,&nbsp;Yeon Jae Bae","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genus <i>Anomala</i> Samouelle, 1819, is a notorious phytophagous pest that harms plant leaves and roots. In South Korea, eight of 13 species have been designated as pest species and have been managed in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry fields. Accurate identification of pest species is crucial for establishing appropriate pest management strategies. However, identifying Korean <i>Anomala</i> species is often challenging because of intraspecific color variations and complex interspecific morphological differences. Therefore, we developed a practical pictorial key with host plant information of Korean <i>Anomala</i> for precise identification. Based on thorough morphological examinations, a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<i>COI</i>) sequence library for 11 species was established for molecular identification: <i>A. albopilosa</i>, <i>A. chamaeleon</i>, <i>A. corpulenta</i>, <i>A. cuprea</i>, <i>A. geniculata</i>, <i>A. koreana</i>, <i>A. luculenta</i>, <i>A. mongolica</i>, <i>A. rufocuprea</i>, <i>A. sieversi</i>, and <i>A. viridana</i>. All 37 sequences of the 11 species were clustered into conspecific clades on the phylogenetic tree, with interspecific and intraspecific genetic divergences ranging from 2.2% to 13.7% and from 0.1% to 2.8%, respectively. Our pictorial key, DNA barcode library, and host information provide a comprehensive approach for the practical identification of <i>Anomala</i> species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mosquito Surveillance and Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus at Two Points of Entry (PoE), Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port, in the Republic of Korea, 2023","authors":"Kyu-Sik Chang,&nbsp;YoungJee Kim,&nbsp;Bora Lim,&nbsp;Han Seul Jang,&nbsp;Sahyun Hong,&nbsp;Karam Kang,&nbsp;Hyuk Chu","doi":"10.1111/1748-5967.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-5967.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring invasive mosquitoes and selected pathogens was conducted biweekly at ports of entry (POEs), the Incheon Port (IP), and Incheon International Airport (IA), from June to October 2023. A total of 618 mosquitoes representing 2 subfamilies, 6 genera, and 13 species were collected. At IP-Garo Park (IP-GP), a small park, and IP-Gate3 (IP-G3), a facility staffed 24 h a day and equipped with a septic tank, the incidence of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> and <i>Culex pipiens</i> s.l. was the highest, respectively.</p>\u0000 <p>A total of 115 pools of female mosquitoes were tested for flaviviruses using qRT-PCR. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was detected in 1pool of <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> s.l. which were collected at IP during September 4, 2023. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) value for <i>Cx</i>. <i>pipiens</i> collected from June to October was 0.092. The nonstructural protein 5 (<i>NS 5</i>)/3′-untranslated region (UTR) of the JEV genome was sequenced. Sequence alignment of the complete <i>NS 5</i> gene showed high amino acid similarity (98.67%) to JF915894, characterized as genotype V (G-5) from China. These results were shared with the local public health center where the JEV infected mosquitoes were collected to develop control measures for infectious diseases in vector mosquito populations.</p>\u0000 <p>The estimated JEV infection rate (MLE value: &lt; 1) and phylogenetic data demonstrate the inflow of JEV G-5 in <i>Cx. pipiens</i> at IP of entry and stress the importance of surveillance for vector mosquitoes at POE.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11776,"journal":{"name":"Entomological Research","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}