{"title":"Comparison of Various Methods of Detection of Hypoxemia and Correlation of Hypoxemia with Clinical Features among Pediatric Patients 3 Months to 5 Years Old with Community-Acquired Pneumonia at a Tertiary Hospital Emergency Room","authors":"Francesca Mae T. Pantig, S. Gatchalian","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001005","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pulse oximetry is frequently utilized as a rapid, non-invasive, point-of-care alternative to arterial blood gas analysis in measuring oxygen saturation of children with pneumonia. Objectives: To compare portable fingertip pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2PF), handheld pulse oximetry saturation (SpO2H) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in detection of hypoxemia, and correlate hypoxemia with clinical features in children with pneumonia. Methodology: This was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study involving patients 3 months to 5 years old with pneumonia. Oxygen saturation was measured using a portable fingertip pulse oximeter, a handheld pulse oximeter, and arterial blood gas analysis. Results: Eighty-six children were included. SpO2 PF underestimated oxygen levels by 0.126% (95% CI -0.240 to 0.491), while SpO2H underestimated it by 0.323% (95% CI -0.075 to 0.721). Between portable and handheld readings, the mean difference was 0.198% (95% CI -0.089 to 0.484). Across the three methods, limits of agreement ranged from -3.388 to +4.035%. There was no statistically significant difference in variance among the three measurements. Children with tachypnea (cOR 2.623, 95% CI 1.06 – 6.48, p = 0.037), difficulty breathing (cOR 6.316, 95% CI 1.96 – 20.34, p = 0.002), and subcostal retractions (cOR 2.842, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.69, p = 0.040) were more likely to have hypoxemia. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry closely correlates with arterial blood gas analysis within acceptable limits of agreement and with no significant differences in variance among measurements. Difficulty breathing, tachypnea and subcostal retractions were significantly more likely to be observed in hypoxemic children.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126017504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Position Statement from the Philippine Pediatric Society and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines on the Dengue Vaccine","authors":"","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001010","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>None</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121892860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tarnate, Keith Roger R. Serrano, Vanessa-Maria F. Torres-Ticzon, K. A. A. Senen
{"title":"Effectiveness of Digital Media Technology-based Interventions on HIV & STI Risk Reduction Among Young People: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"P. Tarnate, Keith Roger R. Serrano, Vanessa-Maria F. Torres-Ticzon, K. A. A. Senen","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevention strategies delivered through digital media technology (DMT) have been developed to reduce HIV incidence among young people. However, no best-practice DMT intervention strategies exist in handling HIV prevention programs among young people. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of DMT-based interventions in reducing risk-taking behaviours among young people that may predispose them to acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Subjects and Selection Criteria: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies with rigorous controls comparing DMT-based interventions and controls on reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people aged 10-24 years were included. Data Collection: Search methods were done on the following: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Trials Register, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, TRIP database, HERDIN, reference lists, & local databases until December 2017. Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager Version 5.3, heterogeneity examined, and analyses done under random effects model. Condom use, sexual behavior, number of sexual partners, STI testing, and sexual health knowledge in standardized effect sizeswere calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Data were analyzed in subgroups: Didactics, Modules, Virtual decision-making. Main Results: Identified sixteenstudies with 7925 subjects comparing DMT interventions and controls. DMT interventions significantly increased condom use (d=0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.41; p<0.00001), particularly in Didacticssubgroup; and decreased frequency of sexual behavior (d=0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.26; p=0.002), particularly in Virtual decision-making subgroup.Data significant but heterogeneous for improved sexual health knowledge.There was no statistical difference for decreased number of sexual partners and STI testing. Conclusions: DMT-based interventions on condom use and frequency of sexual behavior were noted to be effective in reducing risk-taking behaviors among young people.These findings can be appropriately adapted for use in HIV/STI prevention campaigns.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115738887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mary Crist Delos Santos-Jamora, Marimel R. Pagcatipunan
{"title":"Epidemiology and Outcome of Children Living with HIV in a Tertiary Hospital: A 6-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Mary Crist Delos Santos-Jamora, Marimel R. Pagcatipunan","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001008","url":null,"abstract":"ntroduction: Infection with HIV is multi-faceted and involves the interplay of medical, social, and economic factors thus, management of the disease continues to be a challenge to most physicians. The Philippines is experiencing a surge in cases since 2013. Understanding the local epidemiology of pediatric HIV may reveal opportunities to reduce or eliminate transmission through timely diagnosis. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the features and outcome of children living with HIV in a hospital where a program for HIV treatment and monitoring was implemented. Methodology: Medical records of all children Guidance Intervention Prevention (SAGIP) Unit were reviewed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Thirty pediatric HIV patients were included in the study. The most common mode of acquisition is by sexual transmission (57%) and most patients were male (76%),bisexual (47%), and heterosexual (47%). Weight loss (50%),rash (50%), fever (37%) and cough (37%) were the most common clinical findings. The most common opportunistic infections were tuberculosis (47%) and oral candidiasis (34%). Only 27 of 30 patients were started on antiretroviral therapy within 6 months from diagnosis. One patient showed resistance to a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). There were 11 children who died of various opportunistic infections and its complications, while 2 were transferred to a different treatment hub after 6 months, and 1 lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Sexual means of HIV transmission among adolescents is evident in this study. Weight loss, cough, rash, fever, and lymphadenopathy are common presenting features. Tuberculosis and oral candidiasis are the most common opportunistic infections and should alert physicians on possible HIV infection. A mortality rate of 37% was noted mostly in the first 6 months of initiating ART treatment.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131220709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiologic Profile and with Multi Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Healthcare AssociatedOutcome of Pediatric Patients Infections at the Philippine General Hospital","authors":"Leslie Anne Dela Cruz, A. Ong-Lim","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001007","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Multi Drug Resistant Organisms (MDRO) are microorganisms that are resistant to one or more classes of antimicrobial agents, and these have become significant pathogens to contend with in the treatment of Healthcare Associated Infections. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the clinico-epidemiologic profile and outcome of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections, and its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methodology: This was a retrospective study done on pediatric patients with gram negative healthcare associated MDRO sepsis compared to non-MDRO sepsis admitted at the ICU and pediatric wards of a tertiary government hospital from July 2015 to June 2016. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients. Odds ratio and the corresponding 95% confidence interval from binary logistic regression was computed to determine significant predictors for the development of multi drug resistance. Outcome of patients with MDRO gram-negative infection was noted, as well as its antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: A total of 199 patients developed HAI, and 41% were identified to be gram negative MDR cases. Pediatric patients with healthcare associated infections due to MDR gram negative organisms had shorter hospital stay and a higher mortality rate of 78% compared to 41% among non MDR patients.The most commonly isolated gram negative organisms were Burkholderia cepacia, 38%; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 31%; and Acinetobacter baumanii, 18%; while the most common MDR gram negative isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, 65%; Acinetobacter aumanii, 22%; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 7%. Significant predictors for MDRO were age (0-28 days old), ICU admission, intravascular catheterization and use of total parenteral nutrition. Conclusion: Profile of pediatric patients with healthcare-associated multidrug resistant gram-negative infections were neonates admitted in the ICU with a shorter hospital stay and a high mortality rate. The identified risk factors for developing Multi Drug Resistant Gram Negative sepsis were age of 0-28 days, admission to ICU, intravascular catheterization and parenteral nutrition. Patients with gram-negative MDR infections have a high mortality rate and isolates are susceptible mostly to Colistin.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129896143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Duration of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes as Predictor of Histologic Chorioamnionitis and Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: A Cohort Study","authors":"Sheryl Del Rosario-Famadico, M. Uy, J. Tindoc","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) has been associated with chorioamnionitis but studies are inconsistent on the relationship between PPROM latency and the risk of chorioamnionitis and early onset sepsis. Objective: To define the association of PPROM latency and the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis (HCA) and early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at a public tertiary hospital on 569 mothers with spontaneous rupture of membranes and with fetuses EONS was defined using test of association and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. The association of HCA with maternal and neonatal characteristics as well as adverse neonatal outcomes were also determined. Results: A total of 569 mothers with PPROM were included. Incidence of HCA and EONS were 13% and 24% respectively. PPROM latency was significantly associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA (AUC = 0.7013; 76% accuracy at 31.5-hour cut-off) but failed as a predictor of EONS (AUC = 0.4799). PPROM, platelet count, CRP, and neutrophil count were ndependent predictors of HCA. HCA was associated with EONS and mortality. Mortality was higher in the presence of both HCA and EONS. Conclusion: Longer PPROM is associated with HCA and is a fair predictor of HCA at a cut-off of 31.5 hours. PPROM fails as a predictor of EONS.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115940901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail Ruiz Rivera, A. Ong-Lim, Marshall Gonzales
{"title":"Effectiveness of Daily Chlorhexidine Bathing in Reducing Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Government Hospital","authors":"Abigail Ruiz Rivera, A. Ong-Lim, Marshall Gonzales","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001004","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a common complication of prolonged hospital stay, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine bathing in reducing HCAIs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methodology: This is a randomized controlled, observer-blinded study conducted over a 6-month period. Included were 2 months to 18-year-old patients admitted to the PICU, randomly assigned to daily bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or to the standard practice of bathing with plain soap and water. Primary outcome was the incidence of HCAI in each group. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Overall incidence of HCAI was lower in the chlorhexidine group compared to the control group (12% versus 36%, RR=0.33, 95% CI 0.10 – 1.09, p=0.047). Incidence density rate was lower in the chlorhexidine group (5.91 versus 21.03 infections per 1000 person-days, p=0.049). Ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections were lower in the chlorhexidine group, but results were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences in mortality rates and length of hospital stay. One adverse event of transient rash occurred in the chlorhexidine group. Conclusion: Daily chlorhexidine bathing may be more effective in reducing HCAIs in the PICU compared to standard care.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123171040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dengue Disease Bulletin A Disease Awareness Campaign for Pediatricians","authors":"","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001009","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>none</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122135479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibrant At 25","authors":"Fatima Gimenez","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902002","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2018 marks our Silver Anniversary. As part of the celebration, we will reintroduce ourselves by way of an article that attempts to embrace who we are. Far from being a mere fact sheet and a chronology of activities and accomplishments, this is a glimpse of our team`s life history.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124970386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Profile and Factors Affecting Outcome of Children with Hepatic Abscess: 19 Year Study","authors":"Adrienne Michelle Lu, M. Nolasco, Marilou Tan","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20181902004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20181902004","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To describe the clinical profile of children with hepatic abscess, determine their laboratory & imaging findings, medical and surgical treatments and study factors affecting its outcome. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study done in December 2016 on children 0 to Demographic, clinical and diagnostic data were correlated with the outcome and presence of complications. Results: Thirty cases were identified in 19 years but only 25 charts were available for review. Mean age in years was 5.27 +/- 4.80 SD with male predominance. Fever (96%) and abdominal pain (60%) were common symptoms.Only 9 patients had hepatic abscess culture with Staphylococcus aureus (56%) as the most frequent growth. Anemia (76%) and leukocytosis (96%), and solitary (76%), large abscess >5 cms (60%) involving the right lobe (72%), were the common diagnostic findings. Most were treated with antibiotics alone (60%).All patients improved with no mortality noted, while pleural effusion was seen in 8 out of 12 patients with complications. Only male gender was significantly associated with complications both on chi-square (p0.004) and logistic regression (p 0.008). Conclusion: Hepatic abscess is a liver infection usually seen among young and male population, manifesting as fever with anemia and leucocytosis. Most were complicated by pleural effusion with no deaths reported. Male gender had significant association with complications.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129882548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}