Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal最新文献

{"title":"PPS/PIDSP Interim Guidelines on Resumption of Out- Patient Pediatric Clinics Post– Enhanced Community Quarantine During COVID Pandemic","authors":"Marimel R. Pagcatipunan, Maria Carmen Nievera, Joseph Regalado","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20202101009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20202101009","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>none</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121377149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination During the Covid-19 Pandemic: PPS and PIDSP Recommendations","authors":"Fatima Gimenez, M. Madrid, J. Santos, Maria Carmen Nievera","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20202101008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20202101008","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>none</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"118 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114005138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile, Microbiology, Management, and Outcome of Pediatric Brain Abscess at the University of the Philippines- Philippine General Hospital: A 5-Year Retrospective Study (2012-2016)","authors":"C. M. L. Montaña, A. Ong-Lim, J. Camposano","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the clinical profile, microbiology, management, and outcome of pediatric brain abscess at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines from 2012 to 2016. Methods: A retrospective study and review of medical records of 50 patients aged 18 years old and below diagnosed with brain abscess from 2012 to 2016 was performed. Results: Majority of patients affected were 10 years old and below (74%), with no gender predilection, and mostly underweight/wasted (68%). Coverage for common vaccine-preventable pathogens was low (38% for H. influenzae type b, 2% for S. pneumoniae). Most common signs and symptoms on admission were fever (62%), vomiting (50%), and headache (50%). The top pre-disposing condition was congenital heart disease (46%), mostly Tetralogy of Fallot (33%). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated in 38%) of cases. Sterile cultures comprised 68% of cases. There were two cases of tuberculous abscess. Empiric antibiotics administered for patients seen in 2012 were penicillin G and chloramphenicol, with a shift to a third-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole in the succeeding years. Aspiration with or without drainage was performed in majority of cases (85%). Six underwent complete excision and had a shorter mean length of stay of 57 days, and a lower morbidity rate of 17% with no mortalities. The overall mean length of hospital stay was 65 days. Residual neurologic deficit was observed in 28%, mostly extremity weakness. Mortality rate was 6.8%. No statistical association was found between a predisposing condition and affectation of a particular area of the brain using the Fisher exact test. Conclusion: There should be a high index of suspicion for brain abscess among patients with pre-disposing conditions (i.e. paracranial infection, cyanotic congenital heart disease) presenting with fever, headache, and vomiting. Common etiologic agents in this study were MRSA and Enterococcus. The isolates were sensitive to the antibiotics recommended for empiric therapy, particularly parenteral third generation cephalosporin + metronidazole for 6 to 8 weeks. Patients with sterile cultures were also continued on this regimen. With the high resistance rates to oxacillin, vancomycin should be considered for abscesses arising from paracranial infections and for those with breaks in the skull post-trauma. There was an overall reduction in mortality due to improved imaging studies andidentification of pathogens for definitive treatment, as well as improved surgical techniques over time. A considerable number of affected children however had neurologic deficits upon discharge.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121995594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine Trust as a Public Trust","authors":"J. Camposano","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002002","url":null,"abstract":"In September 2019, the Department of Health declared a polio outbreak after two cases of the paralyzing disease were confirmed in the country. After outbreaks of measles and dengue in the same year, another outbreak of a vaccine-preventable disease has once again put into sharp focus the declining vaccination rates in the Philippines. Declining rates of vaccination have already been a problem in the country, but this has been exacerbated by the Dengvaxia controversy that further pushed the vaccination rates down. The reemergence of polio, after being a polio-free country for 19 years, presents another opportunity to address issues in vaccine trust.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130943968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Big Bang","authors":"Arlene Dy-Co","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002001","url":null,"abstract":"We hope to end the year 2019 with a big bang by coming out with this issue to keep our journal on track with our releases. Indeed, a big bang as each issue comes out from nothing and the forces joined and stars aligned that we are now coming out with an issue with several original articles, a case series and a feature article.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124971130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood Meningitis in an Urban Tertiary Medical Center: A 20-year Review","authors":"Á. Calderón, Robert Garcia","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Meningitis is a neurological emergency causing significant morbidity and mortality. This research determined the etiologies, clinical presentation, and ancillary work-up findings of different types of meningitis. Objective: To characterize the documented pediatric meningitis cases in a tertiary hospital admitted between January 1, 1997 to August 31, 2017. Methods: This was a retrospective study which entailed review of charts of all pediatric cases 0 to 18 years old with a discharge diagnosis of meningitis (bacterial, viral, tuberculous or fungal) from January 1, 1997 to August 31, 2017 at an urban tertiary medical center. Results: This study included 127 subjects, where 74 (58.3%) had bacterial, 34 (26.8%) had viral, 17 (13.4%) had tuberculous, and 2 (1.6%) had fungal meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (12.2%), Haemophilus influenzae type b (6.8%) and Salmonella enteritidis (6.8%) were the top bacteria identified. Neonatal infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli (66.7%) and gram-positive cocci (33.3%). Bacterial, tuberculous, and viral meningitis were seen in the 1-11 months, 2-4 years and 5-10-year age groups respectively. Prolonged fever (mean 27.2, median 14 days) and cranial nerve palsies (23.5%) were noted in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). The highest CSF mean WBC (2043±9056 WBC/µL) and mean protein (300±365.6mg/dL) were seen in bacterial and tuberculous meningitis respectively. The combination of hydrocephalus, basal enhancement and infarct was unique to patients with tuberculous meningitis. Recurrent seizures were the most common complication of bacterial (36.5%), viral (20.6%) and tuberculous (100%) meningitis. Ceftriaxone (24.3%), acyclovir (38.2%), and isoniazid/rifampicin/pyrazinamide/ethambutol (76.5%) were the most common antimicrobials for bacterial, viral, and tuberculous meningitis. Fever duration before admission was significantly longer in TBM (14 days) than in viral (4 days) and bacterial meningitis (2 days). Length of hospital stay for viral meningitis (6.5 days) was significantly shorter than for TB (14 days) and bacterial meningitis (12 days). Mortality rates were 12% and 11% for bacterial and viral meningitis respectively. No mortality was seen in patients with TB and fungal meningitis. Conclusions: In this 20-year review of childhood meningitis, bacterial meningitis was the most common type of pediatric meningitis which presented with marked CSF pleoctyosis. The longest fever duration and the highest proportion of cranial nerve involvement were seen in TBM, which also had the unique combined findings of leptomeningeal enhancement, hydrocephalus and infarct on imaging. Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic for bacterial meningitis, except in neonates where a combination of cefuroxime-amikacin was initially given until microbiological confirmation became available. Recurrent seizures were the most common complication of bacterial, viral and TB meningitis. The shortest hospital stay with the ","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131304862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraventricular Antimicrobial Therapy in Children with Multi-Drug Resistant Ventriculitis: A Tertiary Hospital Experience and Literature Review","authors":"Francesca Mae T. Pantig, A. Ong-Lim","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intraventricular antimicrobial therapy (IVT), defined as the direct installation of antimicrobial agents into the lateral ventricles has been utilized as the last therapeutic option for the treatment of multidrug-resistant ventriculitis. The aim of this case series is to report our institution’s experience with IVT in pediatric patients with ventriculitis. Material and Methods: Retrospective chart review was done. The demographic data, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture isolates, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes of these patients were collected and described. Results: Between 2016 to 2018, seven (7) pediatric patients diagnosed with ventriculitis caused by multidrug-resistant organisms underwent intraventricular antimicrobial therapy in combination with intravenous therapy. The median age was 1 year (range 1 month to 17 years old, mean: 4.4 years). Fifty-seven (57) percent of the patients were females. The isolated pathogens were Acinetobacter baumannii MDRO (n = 3), Klebsiella pneumoniae MDRO (n = 2), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 1), and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2).One patient had mixed isolates on CSF culture (Acinetobacter baumannii and MRSE). The antimicrobial agents for IVT used were colistin (n = 4), vancomycin (n = 2), and gentamicin (n = 1). The mean time to initiation of intraventricular therapy from the diagnosis of ventriculitis was 19 days. The mean duration of IVT therapy was 15 days. The survival rate was 57%. Conclusion: Ventriculitis caused by drug-resistant organisms is an emerging concern. Optimal therapy is not yet established and experience with IVT is limited. This series showed that there were no adverse effects related to IVT thus it may be considered an option for MDRO ventriculitis. Gram negative organisms are more common causes of ventriculitis in our institution.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123980201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antibiogram of Isolated Pathogens from Tracheal Aspirate among Intubated Patients 2 Months – 5 Years Old with very Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Cebu City from 2013-2016","authors":"Glaiza Dagani, Dahlia Yu, Shanida Camomot, Elmer Kent Lopez","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the antibiogram of tracheal aspirate cultures (TACS) among intubated children aged 2 months to 5 years old with very severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methodology: A retrospective chart review using total enumerative sampling. Results: 66 out of the 343 patients had positive TACS. The top 5 most common isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae(37.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.7%), Acinetobacter baumanii (15.1%), Enterobacter cloacae (12.1%) and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (6%). The gram-negative isolates were highly sensitive to amikacin and carbapenems. Majority of these patients (92.42%) had history of Pentavalent immunization. Majority of patients who were TACS positive had history of antibiotic use prior to admission (92.42%), mostly second-generation cepahalosporin (cefuroxime, 32.42%). High rates of resistance to ampicillin and gentamicin were noted for patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates. Majority of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumanii and MRSA expired. Conclusion/Recommendation: Majority of those patients with positive isolates had MDR organisms thus for patients with very severe CAP who already received antibiotic as outpatient, broad spectrum antibiotics should be considered as empiric therapy and TACS be done on all patients with very severe CAP.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128660405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Clinical Profile and Outcome of Children with Dengue Encephalitis at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center: A Retrospective Study From January 2011-June 2017","authors":"Kristine Alvarado-Dela Cruz, M. Pascual, Maria Eva Luna- Dizon","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192002003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192002003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is hyperendemic in the Philippines. One of its rare complication is dengue encephalitis, characterized by altered sensorium, elevated liver enzymes, and high dengue-specific antibody titers. Previously known as non-neurotropic, dengue presents with an increasing incidence of neurologic manifestations. Objective: To describe the clinico-demographic profile and outcome of laboratory-confirmed dengue encephalitis patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study that used purposive sampling to describe laboratory-confirmed dengue encephalitis cases aged 0-18 years. The clinico-demographic profiles and outcomes were collected using chart review, and variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 14 laboratory-confirmed cases were reviewed. Most (57%) were males aged 3 days-15 years. Fever lasted 3-11 days. Following nonspecific signs and symptoms, neurological manifestations developed within 1-5 days, the most common being seizures (71%). Majority (57%) had anemia. All, except one, exhibited leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Elevated liver enzymes, bleeding parameter derangements, electrolyte, and glucose imbalances were noted. All were seropositive for dengue IgM, and 5 dengue IgM in the CSF. Most common EEG findings showed generalized slowing. Neuroimaging reports were normal in some or showed cerebral edema in the others. Half of the patients recovered fully, 3 showing partial recovery from neurologic changes, and 3 others had neurologic sequelae. One infant expired. Conclusions and Recommendations: Dengue encephalitis should be considered in patients living in an endemic country, presenting with fever with neurologic changes or elevated liver enzymes, with a risk for developing neurologic sequelae or death.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"202 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116171288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of Hurdles, Battles, and The Art of War","authors":"Carmina Delos Reyes","doi":"10.56964/pidspj20192001002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20192001002","url":null,"abstract":"This issue marks our first for 2019. A bit way past our target date but worth the wait. There were many hurdles to contend with as with previous issues. There were limited manuscript submissions, limited time, limited budget, limited manpower. Only the hurdle list is limitless and goes on and on.","PeriodicalId":117545,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114610205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}