Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata最新文献

{"title":"Founding and maintaining a seedcorn maggot (Delia platura) colony","authors":"Olivia Rooney,&nbsp;Justin Shade,&nbsp;Annika Salzberg,&nbsp;Chloe Yi-Luo Cho,&nbsp;Katja Poveda","doi":"10.1111/eea.13593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Delia platura</i> (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) is a generalist dipteran pest that attacks germinating seeds of cucurbits, crucifers, legumes, and among others. <i>Delia platura</i> can cause economically important damage in early spring that leads to stand losses in temperate regions. Thus, researching the biology and behavior of this pest and running bioassays with different life stages is essential to developing effective management strategies. Maintaining <i>D. platura</i> colonies allows for laboratory and field experiments to occur outside of the growing season. However, current rearing protocols yield high mortality rates at the egg stage and have been difficult to replicate. Here, we present an updated protocol for reduced offspring mortality, improved colony health, and greater ease of maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"918-922"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13593","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life history traits of the parasitoid Goniozus legneri parasitizing Tuta absoluta larvae: Assessing the viability of integrating biological control and inherited sterility","authors":"Lucas Candás,&nbsp;Cynthia L. Cagnotti,&nbsp;Silvia N. López","doi":"10.1111/eea.13594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13594","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The tomato leafminer, <i>Tuta absoluta</i> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), represents a major threat to tomato crops worldwide. The ectoparasitoid <i>Goniozus legneri</i> Gordh (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) parasitizes <i>T. absoluta</i> larvae, while inherited sterility (IS) is an environmentally friendly option for controlling lepidopteran pests. This study aimed to elucidate the life history traits of <i>G. legneri</i> when parasitizing and feeding on <i>T. absoluta</i> larvae from untreated parents versus broods of irradiated parental males, exploring the potential integration of this parasitoid and IS for <i>T. absoluta</i> control. Overall, there were no significant differences in biological traits between treatments, except for the number of larvae killed per female and female longevity, both of which were higher in females feeding on larvae descended from irradiated parental males. Developmental time and survival of preimaginal stages showed no significant differences between the origins of <i>T. absoluta</i> larvae studied. Compared with other hosts of <i>G. legneri</i>, the parasitoid produced fewer offspring and showed suboptimal biological parameters when developed on <i>T. absoluta</i>. In conclusion, relying solely on <i>G. legneri</i> for <i>T. absoluta</i> control, either independently or in conjunction with IS, is not recommended. Nonetheless, exploring its combination with other techniques, such as the use of pheromone traps or biorational insecticides, merits further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"826-833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated environmental temperature rise may alter pest relative dominance by modifying species interaction in an aphid community","authors":"Shohrab Hoshain,&nbsp;Chun-Sen Ma,&nbsp;Gang Ma","doi":"10.1111/eea.13592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13592","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global warming is predicted to increase mean temperature affecting species interactions, including those among co-existing aphids in crop fields. These interactions can influence aphid community dynamics and their impacts on crops. Most previous studies concerning the warming effects on aphids have focussed on a single species or tested the thermal responses of different species separately, overlooking how interspecific interactions might alter the relative dominance of aphid communities under warming conditions. Consequently, the impact of modified species interactions on aphid communities in warming climates remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted an experiment with five mean temperature levels using four cereal aphid species [<i>Metopolophium dirhodum</i> (Walker), <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i> (Linnaeus), <i>Sitobion avenae</i> (Fabricius) and <i>Schizaphis graminum</i> <b>(Rondani)</b>] (all Hemiptera: Aphididae) under both conditions of with and without species interactions. Our results showed that changes in mean temperature and species interactions significantly altered the relative dominance of aphid communities. Specifically, the presence of species interactions facilitated population growth of two species (<i>R. padi</i> and <i>S. graminum</i>), whereas it depressed that of the other two (<i>M</i>. <i>dirhodum</i> and <i>S. avenae</i>). Importantly, the relative dominance of these species changed as temperature increased. Our study thus emphasizes that both climate warming and species interactions might be key drivers shifting the relative dominance and community structure of co-existing aphid pests, and more broadly, of many other co-occurring species in natural and agricultural ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"834-843"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different hosts and ages on the diversity of larval gut bacteria in Tuta absoluta","authors":"Yu Xue,&nbsp;Jiaxin Ding,&nbsp;Haixu Wang,&nbsp;Rongrong Fan,&nbsp;Xinpu Wang","doi":"10.1111/eea.13596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13596","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gut bacterial composition is closely associated with the food intake and developmental age of herbivorous insects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diversity of larval gut bacteria in different instar stages of <i>Tuta absoluta</i> (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) feeding on different hosts. Gut bacterial DNA was extracted from the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae of <i>T. absoluta</i> feeding on tomatoes, potatoes, and wolfberries for three generations. Subsequently, diversity and richness of gut bacteria were analyzed via the second-generation Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. Alpha diversity index analysis revealed the highest diversity and abundance of gut bacteria in the <i>T. absoluta</i> larvae fed wolfberry and potato leaves, respectively. The highest gut bacterial diversity and richness were observed in the 1st-instar larvae feeding on potato and tomato leaves. <i>Tuta absoluta</i> feeding on wolfberry leaves exhibited the lowest gut bacterial diversity in the 1st-instar stage and highest abundance in the 2nd-instar stage. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in the gut bacteria of stages 1–4 instar larvae feeding on different host plants. The dominant genus was <i>Enterobacter</i> (60.1%) in the 4th-instar <i>T. absoluta</i> larvae feeding on tomatoes and <i>Wolbachia</i> in those feeding on other plants. PICRUSt2 gene function prediction revealed that the larval gut bacteria of <i>T. absoluta</i> played essential roles in food digestion and nutrient supply. Specifically, <i>Wolbachia</i> may enhance nucleotide metabolism in <i>T. absoluta</i> feeding on potatoes. Overall, this study provides a basis to explore the interactions of <i>T. absoluta</i> with gut bacteria and suggests directions for its adaptive evolution and integrated management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 7","pages":"802-814"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple mating is not driven by size and sperm management in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)","authors":"Frédéric Manas,&nbsp;Pascaline Venon,&nbsp;Lulin Yang,&nbsp;Carole Labrousse,&nbsp;Christophe Bressac","doi":"10.1111/eea.13595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13595","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), larvae are widely used as bioconverters of agrifood by-products into valuable proteins for animal feed. In adults, females and males have complex reproductive tracts, suggesting a strong pressure on sperm management. Such complexity in reproductive tracts is typically shaped by post-copulatory sexual selection (PCSS). Whereas multiple mating—the foundation of PCSS hypotheses—has been observed in BSF, its underlying phenotypic determinants and implications for sperm storage and use remain unknown. In this study, matings were tested during three consecutive days under laboratory conditions. Spermatozoa were counted in the reproductive tracts of males and females after consecutive matings. The results show that sperm amount in males was not correlated with their size. Mating occurred in 54% of males and 58% of females and was not influenced by size in either males or females; among them, multiple mating was observed in 19% of females and 50% of males. Sperm counts in males and females did not decrease with males' successive matings. Females were observed to store less spermatozoa when they copulated longer. The number and fertility of eggs did not change with female rank. This showed that male sperm production is enough to ensure egg fertilization even after successive matings. In conclusion, based on the obtained results, sperm quantity is not an issue in BSF, and mating strategy must be investigated in other traits, such as sperm quality, paternity biases or other ejaculate components.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"815-825"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to the Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Insect–Plant Relationships","authors":"Caroline Müller,&nbsp;Georg Petschenka,&nbsp;Erik H. Poelman,&nbsp;Rabea Schweiger","doi":"10.1111/eea.13597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13597","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 18th Symposium on Insect-Plant Relationships (SIP-18) took place in Bielefeld, Germany, in August 2024. Since the previous meeting (SIP-17) could be executed only online because of the pandemic, we enjoyed meeting in person even more. The conference has resulted in five exciting contributions to the journal <i>Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata</i>. Two of these are reviews, one presenting an overview of the arthropod fauna associated with the plant genus <i>Annona</i> and the other providing an ecological and evolutionary perspective on pharmacophagy—that is, the attraction of insects to plant specialized metabolites and their use for purposes other than nutrition in insects. Three research articles show original work on differential gene expression in larvae sequestering plant metabolites, resistance to thrips in several <i>Chrysanthemum</i> accessions, and the role of light intensity in physical defense against native and invasive caterpillar species in trees, respectively. These articles are presented in this themed issue as the proceedings of SIP-18, in addition to nine other articles relevant to the research field of insect–plant relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 7","pages":"649-650"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13597","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant–arthropod associations in custard apples, genus Annona: A global perspective","authors":"Helena Romero,&nbsp;Mónica Aquilino,&nbsp;Rosario Planelló,&nbsp;Eduardo de la Peña","doi":"10.1111/eea.13587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Annona</i> L. species, custard apples, interact with a wide range of arthropods, including both herbivorous arthropods and pollinators that play vital roles in their ecology. Understanding their interactions with phytophagous arthropods and pollinators is crucial for developing effective pest and crop management strategies. <i>Annona</i> species present diverse secondary metabolites of significant interest for their potential defensive roles against arthropod pests. In addition, the introduction of <i>Annona</i> crops to new regions using planting material carries risks, including the potential introduction of pests that may harm local ecosystems and crops. Nonetheless, the diversity of <i>Annona's</i> associated phytophagous arthropods remains largely underexplored. This study aimed to fill this gap by documenting the diversity of arthropods associated with <i>Annona</i> species across various geographical regions using information available in the scientific literature and specialized databases. We explored whether the phylogenetic relationships of <i>Annona</i> species are also reflected in their associated phytophagous arthropods. Our review identified 614 arthropod species, with most associations recorded on the cultivated species <i>A. muricata</i> L., <i>A. squamosa</i> L., and <i>A. cherimola</i> Mill. (Annonaceae). The most common orders were Hemiptera, followed by Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. The study also revealed that arthropod assemblages associated with genetically closely related <i>Annona</i> species tend to be more similar to those of more distantly related species. These findings illustrate the diverse arthropod communities associated with these fruit trees, offering valuable insights into plant–insect interactions and contributing to the prevention of phytosanitary risks in their cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 7","pages":"651-660"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13587","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating DNA quality in Coleoptera and Lepidoptera: Impact of fixation and preservation in various trapping methods","authors":"Dominik Stočes,&nbsp;Tamara Wijacki,&nbsp;Aleš Knoll,&nbsp;Tomáš Kopecký,&nbsp;Jan Šipoš","doi":"10.1111/eea.13591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13591","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite advancements in barcoding and metabarcoding, preserving high-quality DNA from field-collected arthropods remains challenging. Although various fixatives and preservatives are used for DNA recovery in Coleoptera (Carabidae) and Lepidoptera (Noctuidae, Nolidae, Geometridae, and Tortricidae), their effects on DNA quality across trapping methods are not fully understood. This study evaluates fixation and preservation strategies affecting DNA integrity, focusing on pH changes before and after tissue grinding to improve consistency. For Carabidae, <i>Calathus fuscipes</i> (L.) were collected with a Malaise trap, while <i>Platynus assimilis</i> (Paykull) were collected via emergence traps and pitfall traps (with and without roof), using propylene glycol as a fixative. Preservation methods included storage in propylene glycol, 96% ethanol, or drying, with samples kept at −20°C for 1 year. Propylene glycol samples were washed with distilled water prior to grinding. Additional fixatives in individual trapping included ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, brine, ethyl acetate, vinegar, and drying (with and without silica gel), stored at −20°C for 3 months. For Lepidoptera, specimens were categorized by size: large—<i>Agrostis exclamationis</i> (L.) (Noctuidae), medium—<i>Meganola strigula</i> (Denis et Schiffermüller) (Nolidae), <i>Eupithecia insigniata</i> (Hübner) (Geometridae), and small—<i>Pelochrista caecimaculana</i> (Hübner) (Tortricidae). Specimens were treated with chloroform (vapor and soaked) or cyanide vapors and stored at room temperature for 3 months. DNA quality was assessed through fragmentation analysis and PCR amplification of COI fragments (658, 313, and 157 bp for Coleoptera and 658, 311, and 220 bp for Lepidoptera) with Sanger sequencing. Results showed reduced DNA integrity in diluted Malaise trap samples, while distilled water washing improved readability in emergence trap samples. Brine proved a cost-effective preservative. For Lepidoptera, DNA preservation depended on sample size and fixative, with small chloroform-soaked specimens yielding non-sequencable DNA, while vapor-treated samples remained sequencable. This study offers insights to optimize DNA yield and preservation for arthropod research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"903-917"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13591","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of larval density and food availability in life-history traits of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","authors":"Gilberto Dinis Cozzer,&nbsp;Cristiano Ilha,&nbsp;William Gabriel Borges,&nbsp;Cássia Alves Lima-Rezende,&nbsp;Jacir Dal Magro,&nbsp;Renan de Souza Rezende","doi":"10.1111/eea.13585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13585","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluctuations in food availability and larval density play pivotal roles in shaping the characteristics of <i>Aedes</i> (<i>Stegomyia</i>) <i>aegypti</i> (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito populations through intraspecific competition. Competition for limited resources drives density-dependent effects, influencing survival rates, time to pupation, and the size and lifespan of adult mosquitoes. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of competition, driven by variations in food and larval density, on the development and life cycle of <i>A. aegypti</i>. We examined the outcomes of nine distinct combinations of aquatic larval density and resource availability—measured in terms of per capita food and individual space—on key developmental metrics, including larval mortality, time to pupation, adult size, and lifespan. Our findings indicate that food availability had a more pronounced effect on larval mortality and development time than did larval density. Notably, intermediate levels of food availability and density were more conducive to higher survival rates and larger adult sizes than either low-density conditions or an excess of resources. The density-dependent effects, particularly, had a significant impact on adult size, often outweighing the influence of food availability. Furthermore, alleviation from competition among larvae emerged as a more critical factor in extending adult lifespan than the direct influence of resources or density alone. In conditions where food resources were scarce or competition was intense, larvae experienced prolonged development times and a higher likelihood of failing to pupate, resulting in smaller adults with reduced lifespans. These combined stressors significantly diminish the fitness (i.e., mortality and developmental parameters) of <i>A. aegypti</i>, highlighting the complex interplay between resource availability and intraspecific competition in determining the population dynamics of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 8","pages":"892-902"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of awns and hairy glumes in spring wheat to resistance against wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana","authors":"Bridget White,&nbsp;Curtis McCartney,&nbsp;Robert J. Lamb,&nbsp;Chaminda De Silva Weeraddana,&nbsp;Tyler Wist,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar,&nbsp;Robert J. Graf,&nbsp;Pierre Hucl,&nbsp;Alejandro C. Costamagna","doi":"10.1111/eea.13581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13581","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The wheat midge, <i>Sitodiplosis mosellana</i> (Géhin) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), poses a threat to spring wheat in North America. Larvae feed on the developing kernels, causing decreased grain quality and yield loss. The resistance gene <i>Sm1</i>, a single, naturally occurring gene that results in larval mortality, is important for managing this pest. However, relying on a single resistance gene may result in the evolution of virulent pest biotypes. To identify possible alternative mechanisms of resistance, mechanical deterrence against wheat midge oviposition was evaluated using doubled haploid spring wheat lines (DH lines) with different combinations of awns and hairy glumes. Adult wheat midges were introduced to cages containing 12 preanthesis wheat spikes consisting of combinations of the presence or absence of awns with either hairy or smooth glumes, and oviposition on these phenotypes was recorded. In addition, kernel damage of five lines per phenotype was assessed under field conditions. The presence of awns on wheat spikes reduced oviposition in the laboratory choice cages, but not all wheat lines with awns reduced damage in the field. Hairy glumes did not reduce midge oviposition or grain damage. Independent of the awned and hairy-glumed phenotypes, egg numbers and damage varied among the DH lines. Four wheat lines exhibited wheat midge deterrence and are promising candidates as sources of novel resistance to combine with <i>Sm1</i> to pyramid resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 7","pages":"781-793"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}