Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata最新文献

{"title":"Weather patterns determine success rates of two biocontrol agents on Cytisus scoparius in the USA","authors":"Robert Frederick Bode,&nbsp;Olivia Cervantez","doi":"10.1111/eea.13494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eea.13494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To be effective, a biocontrol agent must survive and persist in the same habitat as the target species and reduce target population growth. When multiple biocontrol agents are used against a single invasive species, they may each perform better under a subset of the habitat in which the target lives. This complementarity allows for a more consistent level of control and a higher resilience to environmental variability. Two species that feed on the same plant tissues would compete, but niche partitioning in the native range may be replicated when both species are introduced to the invasive range. When biocontrol agents are released, they may self-sort to perform best in their respective niches. We hypothesized that two biocontrol agents—Scotch broom seed beetle, <i>Bruchidius villosus</i> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Scotch broom seed weevil, <i>Exapion fuscirostre</i> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae)—that both feed on seeds of the invasive legume Scotch broom, <i>Cytisus scoparius</i> L. Link (Fabaceae), would be impacted differently by different weather conditions and plant traits, and would show different success rates at field sites with different conditions. We used a 5-year study to reveal that the two biocontrol agents are not uniformly distributed in the field and that weather and plant factors influence their success. We confirmed that weather conditions of the previous year influenced biocontrol agent attack rate and found that weather patterns at a field site may predict the impact of each biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 11","pages":"1024-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the interplay between host plant structural defences and origin on behavioural and life-history traits of two Neotropical danaines","authors":"Pedro Paulo da Silva Ferreira,&nbsp;Dulce Mantuano,&nbsp;Mateus Lorenzo Cavalcanti Campos,&nbsp;Daniela Rodrigues","doi":"10.1111/eea.13499","DOIUrl":"10.1111/eea.13499","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Factors that mediate insect herbivore sabotaging behaviour of host plant latex defences remain under debate. The most prominent hypothesis suggests that the anatomy of the host plant's laticifers determines trenching or vein-cutting behaviour, but there are inconsistencies in the literature. In addition to latex, other plant defences have been shown to affect plant natural enemies, but experimental studies comparing the effects of multiple defences on herbivore performance and behaviour are scarce. In this study, we investigated the anatomy of the laticifers of <i>Calotropis procera</i> (Aiton) W.T. Aiton (Apocynaceae), an exotic milkweed of southeastern Brazil, as well as the sabotaging behaviour of larvae of southern monarch, <i>Danaus erippus</i> (Cramer), and queen butterfly, <i>Danaus gilippus</i> (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) on this host plant. We also reviewed the sabotaging behaviour of larvae reared on the native milkweed <i>Asclepias curassavica</i> L. (Apocynaceae) from previous studies, as well as the description of the anatomy of its laticifers. As we found no correspondence between sabotaging behaviour of southern monarchs and queens and the anatomy of the host plants' laticifers, we tested whether structural defences of <i>C. procera</i> leaves (latex, waxes and trichomes) affected sabotaging behaviour and larval performance of southern monarch larvae. The structural barriers of this well-defended host affected larvae in different ways: Southern monarchs developed more slowly on control leaves than on leaves from which wax had been removed, and only latex removal reduced the frequency of sabotaging behaviour. Regardless of the defence removal treatment, frequencies of trenching behaviour decreased and vein-cutting behaviour increased as larvae developed. Overall, our results show that several factors in addition to the anatomy of laticifers affect sabotaging behaviour of southern monarchs and queens, including larval ontogeny, danaine species and latex outflow. This evidence suggests a behavioural plasticity in the sabotaging behaviour of larvae of both southern monarchs and queens.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 11","pages":"992-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Choice: September 2024","authors":"Leo W. Beukeboom","doi":"10.1111/eea.13496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arthropods in the spotlight – identifying predators of vineyard pest insects with infrared photography – J. M. Reiff, K. Theiss, C. Hoffmann &amp; M. H. Entling (https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13456).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 9","pages":"767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141967362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Choice: October 2024","authors":"Leo W. Beukeboom","doi":"10.1111/eea.13495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13495","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Artificial selection of zoophagous lines of the biological control agent Dicyphus hesperus - F. Dumont, M. Solà Cassi, M. Lemay &amp; C. Provost (https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13483).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Orius insidiosus to Beauveria bassiana, Akanthomyces muscarius, and Cordyceps fumosorosea and their effects on predator behavior","authors":"Romina G. Manfrino,&nbsp;Margarita Rocca","doi":"10.1111/eea.13493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13493","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of pathogens and other natural enemies to suppress pest populations is a key component of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. As biocontrol agents may interact synergistically, additively, or antagonistically, it is crucial to assess their interactions for effective pest management. In this study, we investigated the effect of three entomopathogenic fungus (EPF) species—<i>Beauveria bassiana</i> (Bals.-Criv.) Vuill. CEP 091, <i>Akanthomyces muscarius</i> (Petch) Spatafora, Kepler &amp; B. Shrestha CEP 182, and <i>Cordyceps fumosorosea</i> (Wize) Kepler, B. Shrestha &amp; Spatafora CEP 315 (all Hypocreales)—on the survival, fecundity, and searching behavior of <i>Orius insidiosus</i> (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). All three EPF species were found to be pathogenic to <i>O. insidiosus</i>, resulting in a significant decrease in survival compared with the control group. Fecundity remained unaffected by the fungal treatments. No effect of EPF on searching behavior of the predator was found. In relation to the searching behavior, individuals of 2 days post-infections remained in the food patch longer than individuals of 7 days post-infections, regardless of treatment. These findings provide valuable insights into the compatibility of EPF and <i>O. insidiosus</i> as combined biocontrol agents for managing whiteflies, aphids, and thrips. Understanding the interactions between EPF and predatory insects is crucial for developing IPM strategies that maximize pest control efficacy. Further studies should explore the long-term effects of EPF on <i>O. insidiosus</i> populations and their overall impact on pest management in agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"902-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory responses of the blister beetle Epicauta atomaria, a polyphagous crop pest, to host, non-host, and conspecific odors","authors":"Leandro S. Wagner,&nbsp;María P. Campos-Soldini,&nbsp;Pablo G. Guerenstein","doi":"10.1111/eea.13492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The blister beetle <i>Epicauta atomaria</i> (Germar) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) is a phytophagous pest of various agricultural crops, especially in Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Currently, this insect is managed through the spraying of synthetic insecticides that cause serious human health and environmental damage. To reduce the use of synthetic insecticides, the integrated pest management (IPM) programs for other crop pests rely on the use of semiochemical compounds, such as pheromones, kairomones, and allomones, to manipulate the insects' behavior to prevent crop damage. However, studies on semiochemical compounds related to <i>E. atomaria</i> have never been carried out. For this reason, the aim of this study was to explore the chemical communication of <i>E. atomaria</i>. This includes the existence of (i) a sex and/or an aggregation pheromone, (ii) attractant volatile kairomones from host plants, and (iii) repellent volatile allomones from non-host plants. Tests were carried out using olfactometers and an experimental arena. First, olfactometer tests failed to show the existence of volatile sex and/or aggregation pheromones of these insects. Second, olfactometer and experimental arena tests failed to demonstrate attraction of <i>E. atomaria</i> via volatile kairomonal compounds from host plants (chard, bell pepper, and cock's-eggs). However, olfactometer tests showed that non-host plants of <i>E. atomaria</i> (thyme and lavender) emit allomonal volatile compounds with repellent activity. This work represents a first step toward the elucidation of the chemical ecology of <i>E. atomaria</i> and suggests that volatiles from non-host plants help shape the host preferences of these insects. Those volatiles could be used as a “push” component in a “push–pull” strategy against this pest.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 9","pages":"806-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141968226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size matters: Host-seeking ectoparasitoid larvae prefer larger hosts, but not the largest","authors":"Paula F. Zermoglio,&nbsp;José E. Crespo,&nbsp;Gustavo A. Martínez,&nbsp;Marcela Karina Castelo","doi":"10.1111/eea.13491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Koinobiont parasitoids do not prevent host development immediately after the attack, hence the quality of their resource units may vary over time. Potential advantages exist, though less clear, of choosing a host of better initial nutritional quality. We studied the effect of host nutritional quality on <i>Mallophora ruficauda</i> Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae), a solitary, koinobiont ectoparasitoid that preferentially attacks larvae of <i>Cyclocephala signaticollis</i> Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). In the field, lighter hosts were parasitized more often than heavier hosts, but sex did not explain parasitism patterns. Our experiments showed that parasitoid larvae did not differentially attack heavier or lighter hosts in either two- or four-choice selection experiments, but do show differential selection based on the size of the host. Experiments simulating a host patch showed that parasitoid larvae choose larger hosts, but at a finer scale, as the size of the hosts increased, larvae chose the smaller host in a dyad. These results suggest that <i>M. ruficauda</i> larvae may select hosts of higher nutritional quality (i.e., larger hosts) but that there is an upper limit where a trade-off between nutrient acquisition and survival (related to life expectancy or host defenses) may drive the larval decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"940-952"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conversion proposal for biomass estimates in termites","authors":"Israel S. Silva,&nbsp;Alexandre Vasconcellos","doi":"10.1111/eea.13490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13490","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Termites (Isoptera) constitute a considerable fraction of the global animal biomass. Conventionally, termite dry biomass estimates (g) range between 1:3 and 1:6 of fresh biomass (g). But estimates are often based on a few species or coarse taxonomic resolution. In this study, we (1) calculated the fresh and dry mass of 15 widely distributed Neotropical termite species (three families) and (2) established the conversion ratio for dry mass, which is indispensable for biomass estimates. Workers and soldiers were sampled in their colonies and quickly weighed in the laboratory to obtain the fresh mass. Then, the individuals were placed in 80% alcohol for 5 days and weighed. Finally, the samples were dried at 60°C for 24 h and weighed again. Our results suggest an average ratio of 1:4.2 (dry-to-fresh mass), with a mean (±SE) conversion ratio of 0.24 ± 0.06, for estimating termite biomass at local, regional, and global scales. Moreover, our results demonstrate that values from termites preserved in alcohol could still be used to estimate biomass. Specifically, after insertion in alcohol, the termites lost 16.9%–56% of their water content, with an average of 26.5%. While this represents a source of bias in estimates using samples from biological collections, dry mass was significantly related to fresh mass (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <mi>adj</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.99; dry mass = 0.000055 + 0.22 × fresh mass), and to the mass of termites in alcohol (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msubsup>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <mi>adj</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msubsup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.97; dry mass = 0.00014 + 0.26 × mass in alcohol). Applying our results to data from the literature indicates that global termite dry biomass ranges from 89 to 106 Mt.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"974-979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Notonecta maculata biology and its consumptive and non-consumptive effects on Aedes albopictus","authors":"Priscilla Farina,&nbsp;Stefano Bedini,&nbsp;Linda Abenaim,&nbsp;Barbara Conti","doi":"10.1111/eea.13489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13489","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Notonecta</i> species (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) are generalist true predators with a strong impact on the size, structure, and richness of the aquatic communities, particularly on mosquito populations. Juvenile and adult backswimmers not only prey on mosquito larvae (consumptive effect) but their presence can also deter the oviposition of gravid mosquito females (non-consumptive effect). In this study, we selected a Western Palearctic backswimmer, <i>Notonecta maculata</i> Fabricius, as a predator and deterrent of the highly invasive and health-threatening Asian tiger mosquito, <i>Aedes albopictus</i> (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae). In central Italy, <i>N. maculata</i> is univoltine and overwinters in the adult stage. Females lay eggs from February to the end of May, and the first new adults will emerge in late June; the complete nymphal development requires 44.5 ± 3.1 days. The number of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> larvae preyed on by <i>N. maculata</i> during its growth increases while developing, going from 0.03 ± 0.02 larvae per day for first instar nymphs to 21.38 ± 2.90 for mature adults. Furthermore, the presence of a single <i>N. maculata</i> adult in a mosquito ovitrap is enough to discourage the <i>Ae. albopictus</i> oviposition for up to 5 days. Limiting mosquito populations and, consequently, the transmission of viruses and parasites should be our main goal. Therefore, the integrated management of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> by the use of insecticides and a predator (such as backswimmer juveniles and adults), even if only in specific situations, may be promising and feasible. A more in-depth knowledge of the biological cycle of <i>N. maculata</i> could help, consequently, to optimize its mass rearing.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"930-939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repellent potential of agroecological extracts: Exploring their efficacy against the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex subterraneus in the laboratory","authors":"Thiago Novato,&nbsp;Gustavo Taboada Soldati,&nbsp;Luciana Moreira Chedier,&nbsp;Juliane F.S. Lopes","doi":"10.1111/eea.13485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13485","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing restrictions on commercial toxic baits for controlling leaf-cutting ants have started a “gold rush” for alternative compounds, with agroecological extracts emerging as a promising option. Here, we tested for the first time the repellent effects of concentrated and diluted ant extracts and cow urine solution on laboratory colonies of <i>Acromyrmex subterraneus</i> (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The agroecological extracts preparation and application followed the information provided by peasants from the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra in Brazil who carry out agroecology. First, we applied the agroecological extracts in the middle segment of the upper path of a foraging trail to determine whether they act as a chemical barrier. All agroecological extracts induced the deviation of the foraging flow from the upper path to the lateral path. However, only the concentrated ant extract reduced the leaf delivery rate. Also, we applied the agroecological extracts directly on the leaf disks and conducted a paired selection test. The proportion of transported leaf disks with concentrated ant extract and cow urine solution was lower than that of control disks. We suggest that the observed repellent efficacy of the concentrated ant extract may stem from its content of chemical compounds belonging to the same chemical group as the alarm pheromones found by other <i>Acromyrmex</i> species. As for the cow urine solution, we attribute its repellent effect to the presence of urea. Our findings highlight a significant repellent potential of the concentrated ant extract and cow urine solution for leaf-cutting ants, which may be applied both on foraging trails and on leaves of cultivated plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"172 10","pages":"919-929"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}