Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata最新文献

{"title":"Ivermectin and Neem residues in cattle dung: Effects on dung beetle attraction and ecological functions in Brazilian pastures","authors":"Agnis C. Souza,&nbsp;César M. A. Correa,&nbsp;Ronara Souza Ferreira,&nbsp;Julio Louzada","doi":"10.1111/eea.13540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13540","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identification of veterinary medical products carrying reduced risks to dung beetles remains a critical objective for the sustainable management of livestock parasites. Despite the essential role dung beetles play in tropical pasturelands, our understanding of the impact of alternative parasiticides, such as Neem plant extract, on dung beetle attraction and dung use is still limited. This study assessed the effects of dung from cattle exposed to Ivermectin (known to be harmful to dung beetles), Neem, and non-exposed animals (control) on dung beetle assemblage and their ecological functions (dung removal and soil bioturbation), in introduced and native pastures in the Brazilian Cerrado. Our findings revealed similar patterns of dung beetle attraction to Ivermectin, Neem, and control dung in introduced pastures. However, in native pastures, dung beetles exhibited greater attraction to dung from Ivermectin and Neem-treated cattle compared with the control. Telecoprid beetles displayed an increased attraction to Neem-treated dung in native pastures, with two species demonstrating a preference for this dung type. Ecological function performance was higher in Neem-treated dung compared with control, yet no significant difference was noted between Neem and Ivermectin in both pasture types. These results underscore the compelling attractiveness of cattle dung from Neem-treated animals to dung beetles, concurrently ensuring the preservation of dung beetle ecological functions in both pasture settings. This highlights the need for a rigorous evaluation of novel protocols incorporating natural parasiticides, which emerge as important tools in the conservation of dung beetle biodiversity and their ecological functions in tropical pasturelands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 3","pages":"195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's choice: February 2025","authors":"Leo W. Beukeboom","doi":"10.1111/eea.13538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13538","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nutritional effects on growth and development of sepsid flies—<i>N. Gourgoulianni</i>, <i>R. Kümmerli</i> &amp; <i>W. U. Blanckenhorn</i> (https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13524).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 2","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of individual legs to overall attachment in the adult ladybird Harmonia axyridis depends on the relative leg orientation to an external force","authors":"Valerio Saitta,&nbsp;Manuela Rebora,&nbsp;Silvana Piersanti,&nbsp;Elena Gorb,&nbsp;Gianandrea Salerno,&nbsp;Stanislav Gorb","doi":"10.1111/eea.13535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13535","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the attachment ability of harlequin ladybird, <i>Harmonia axyridis</i> (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), focusing on the synergic action of opposite legs, the anisotropy of adhesive organs and sexual dimorphism. Contrary to expectations, experiments showed that beetles with fewer legs sometimes exhibited higher attachment forces, challenging the hypothesis that collective leg action enhances attachment. This result is attributed to differences in experimental set-ups, where our centrifugal method highlighted the importance of pad orientation relative to external forces. The anisotropy of adhesive pads, characterized by the directional dependence of adhesion and friction, significantly influenced attachment performance. Results demonstrated that inward-oriented legs enhanced attachment due to lower peeling angles, whereas outward orientation reduced effectiveness. Sexual dimorphism was evident in the structure of adhesive pads, with males possessing discoidal setae on fore- and midlegs. No significant difference in attachment was observed between intact males and females on smooth surfaces, although ablated males sometimes showed higher forces due to the presence of discoidal setae. These findings underscore that attachment strength in <i>H. axyridis</i> is not solely dependent on pad area but also on the orientation and anisotropic properties of adhesive organs, as well as the specific role of sexual dimorphism in leg morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 3","pages":"232-245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inoculation and conservation of the biocontrol agent European earwig in Washington pear orchards","authors":"Robert J. Orpet,&nbsp;R. T. Curtiss,&nbsp;Katlyn A. Catron,&nbsp;S. Tianna DuPont,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Beers,&nbsp;Louis B. Nottingham","doi":"10.1111/eea.13536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13536","url":null,"abstract":"<p>European earwig, <i>Forficula auricularia</i> L. sensu lato (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), is a univoltine, resident, omnivorous species and a beneficial predator in pome fruit orchards. Here, three methods were used to investigate pear (<i>Pyrus communis</i> L., Rosaceae) orchard inoculation with European earwig for biocontrol of pear psylla, <i>Cacopsylla pyricola</i> (Foerster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), in Washington State, USA. The first method was earwig inoculation experiments. In a first experiment (2019–2020), each of three orchards had one inoculation and one control plot. In a second experiment (2020–2021), there were four inoculation and four control plots in each of the same three orchards. In both experiments, earwigs persisted during the year of inoculation, but earwigs were nearly absent the following season at two orchards that used conventional broad-spectrum pesticides. At the third orchard, which excluded broad-spectrum pesticides under an integrated pest management (IPM) program, earwigs became abundant in year two of the second experiment. The second method was case studies. In the first of two case studies, during 2016, 2017, 2022, and 2023, in half of the integrated orchard from above, conventional broad-spectrum sprays were used. Earwig populations became low in the conventional half. In the second case study, earwigs became abundant after inoculation of an integrated orchard by the grower. Earwigs spread to the edge of the orchard in year two and spilled into a neighboring orchard in years three and four. The third method was an observational study of 36 pear orchards over 5 years. Earwigs were rarely found in conventionally sprayed orchards, and earwigs increased each additional year integrated management was used. The findings suggest conventional pear spray programs in Washington nearly eradicate earwigs, but populations can recover under integrated management with natural dispersal from refuges or with inoculative releases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 3","pages":"246-259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13536","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection for increased sexual bimaturism in the common housefly, Musca domestica","authors":"Giovanni Petrucci,&nbsp;Ljubinka Francuski,&nbsp;Walter L. Jansen,&nbsp;Leo W. Beukeboom","doi":"10.1111/eea.13534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13534","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The growing demand for insect mass production requires methodologies that allow for easy separation of males and females as the two sexes can have very different economic values. The common housefly, <i>Musca domestica</i> (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the candidate species for industrial production. In this species, males typically develop faster and are smaller than females. Exploiting housefly sexual bimaturism (sexual difference in developmental time) could allow the maintenance of colonies with a higher proportion of females, which is favourable in terms of egg yield. Here, we report an artificial selection experiment of breeding early-emerging males with late-emerging females for six generations, with the aim to increase the time interval between emergence of males and females. The level of sexual bimaturism was not increased after six generations of selection. The life-history traits fecundity, egg-to-adult survival and hatchability were not affected by the selection procedure. Wing size measurement revealed that early- and late-emerging males did not differ in size, suggesting that developmental time and body size are decoupled in this sex. Still, large females consistently emerged later than small females, suggesting an intricate sex-specific genetic architecture for size and developmental time in the housefly. Our results are relevant in the context of mass production, providing new insight into the manipulation and maintenance of female-biased sex ratios in production colonies of the common housefly.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 6","pages":"545-557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of host-associated differentiation in Ixodes scapularis using population genetics","authors":"Mackenzie Tietjen,&nbsp;Maria D. Esteve-Gasent,&nbsp;Ivan Castro-Arellano,&nbsp;Andrew Y. Li,&nbsp;Raul F. Medina","doi":"10.1111/eea.13533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The blacklegged tick, <i>Ixodes scapularis</i> (Say) (Acari: Ixodidae), is a vector of pathogens that cause diseases including anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and Lyme disease. It is a generalist vector feeding on a wide variety of vertebrate hosts. The transmission cycles of these pathogens are affected by the tick's host selection because host species differ in their ability to clear, maintain, or amplify these pathogens. Several generalist parasites exhibit host-associated differentiation (HAD), a process that results in genetically distinct populations associated with different host species. Knowing whether <i>I. scapularis</i> exhibits HAD is important to better understand the ecology of these diseases. To test for HAD in <i>I. scapularis</i>, whole-genome resequencing was performed on ticks collected directly from six hosts in the southern United States (i.e., cotton mice [Cricetidae: <i>Peromyscus gossypinus</i> Le Conte], opossum [Didelphidae: <i>Didelphis virginiana</i> Kerr], raccoon [Procyonidae: <i>Procyon lotor</i> L.], gray fox [Canidae: <i>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</i> Schreber], wild boar or feral hog [Suidae: <i>Sus scrofa</i> L.], and white-tailed deer [Cervidae: <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i> Zimmermann]). For the hosts tested, HAD was not found. However, it could not be ruled out if HAD is occurring for ticks associated with lizards in this study. The results of this study contrast with findings from another host generalist, <i>Dermacentor variabilis</i> (Say), that does exhibit HAD. Our results suggest that these two tick species differ in their propensity for HAD. One explanation could be that <i>I. scapularis</i> can mate off-host, maintaining panmixia, whereas <i>D. variabilis</i> mate only on the host. The lack of HAD in <i>I. scapularis</i> should be confirmed by sampling ticks from lizard and rodent hosts. These results will inform control efforts and the use of area-wide tick control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 2","pages":"183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Choice: January 2025","authors":"Leo W. Beukeboom","doi":"10.1111/eea.13532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13532","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Light-emitting diode traps in commercial greenhouses: A field study report on <i>Encarsia formosa</i> bycatch—<i>B. Grupe &amp; R. Meyhöfer</i> (https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13521).\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/eea.13532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heavy metal on growth of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens): Accumulation, excretion and gut microbiome","authors":"Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Huilin Lang,&nbsp;Jia Zhao,&nbsp;Jianwei Hao","doi":"10.1111/eea.13523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The larvae of black soldier fly, <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), are an excellent source of feed for animals and have emerged as a promising candidate for waste disposal. The larval growth can be impacted by the intake of heavy metals. However, the underlying mechanism for metal tolerance of the gut microbiome is still poorly understood, as well as how heavy metals, especially in combination, affect the communities of bacteria in the larval gut. Therefore, in this study we focus on how Cu and Zn affect larval growth and gut microbiome, as well as how bioaccumulated heavy metals are distributed in larval residues and bodies. The larval biomass growth was both significantly improved and inhibited by exposure to low and high Cu and Zn concentration, respectively, including in combination. The amount of accumulated Cu and Zn in larval residues and bodies significantly increases as the exposure concentration is increased. In larval bodies, Zn was more likely to be accumulated (57.2%–78.5%) than Cu (&lt;40%). More importantly, the larval gut microbiome was found to be remarkably altered by Cu and Zn exposure, particularly for species of the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. In addition, with the exception of the Cu at 400 mg kg⁻¹ exposure, the diversity and complexity of the gut bacterial community significantly decreased. Functional genes related to heavy metal resistance and transport, such as <i>pcoB</i>, <i>pcoD</i>, <i>copC</i>, <i>pccA</i>, <i>ABC.ZM.S</i>, and <i>yahk</i>, were clearly enriched in the larval gut, which may help to partly account for the ability of black soldier fly larvae to tolerate metals.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 2","pages":"129-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threshold of defensive response in Apis mellifera (honey bees) and subsequent brain gene expression in reaction to noxious stimuli","authors":"Jenny P. Acevedo-Gonzalez,&nbsp;Alberto Galindo-Cardona,&nbsp;Nicolas L. Fuenzalida-Uribe,&nbsp;Yarira Ortiz-Alvarado,&nbsp;Alfredo Ghezzi,&nbsp;Tugrul Giray","doi":"10.1111/eea.13529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i> L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colonies and individuals respond variably to disturbances. The response depends on perception and interpretation of stimuli requiring both neural modulation and use of energy. In this study, we examined the role of neural modulation and brain metabolism in constitutive and experience-dependent differences in defensive response. For constitutive differences, we compared brain gene expression in bees from gentle and defensive colonies identified in a standard colony-level assay. For experience-dependent changes in defensiveness response, we compared brain gene expression in control bees and bees that responded by sting extension to electric shock in a standardized individual behavioral assay. In both experiments, for neuromodulation, we examined membrane receptor genes for the biogenic amines dopamine (<i>DopR2</i>), octopamine (<i>OA1</i>), and serotonin (<i>5HT2a</i>), as well the gene for the enzyme responsible for serotonin synthesis (<i>THR</i>). For neural metabolism, we examined the expression of two Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathway “OXPHOS” genes (<i>ND51</i> and <i>ND20-LIKE</i>). Bees collected from defensive colonies had a significantly lower expression of amine receptor, synthesis gene, and OXPHOS genes. However, bees responding to noxious stimuli (i.e., electric shock) showed greater gene expression for both OXPHOS and neuromodulation genes, except for <i>5HT2a</i>. We discuss the intriguing intersection of neuromodulation and neural metabolism in defensive response both for constitutive differences, and contrasting experience dependent or adaptive differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 2","pages":"174-182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotype-by-environment interactions for mean performance and trait variation in house fly larvae reared on two diets","authors":"Stine Frey Laursen,&nbsp;Laura Skrubbeltrang Hansen,&nbsp;Simon Bahrndorff,&nbsp;Hanne Marie Nielsen,&nbsp;Goutam Sahana,&nbsp;Jesper Givskov Sørensen,&nbsp;Michael Ørsted,&nbsp;Torsten Nygaard Kristensen","doi":"10.1111/eea.13530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13530","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Some insect species have been proposed as a sustainable alternative to traditional animal-based food and feed sources. Optimisation of insect production can generally be achieved using two main approaches: optimising environmental conditions and improving traits of interest through selective breeding. These avenues are not inseparable as performance of a genotype might differ between environments due to phenotypic plasticity and because genotypes can respond differently to environmental changes, that is genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E). In insect production, diets can be of variable quality and consist of waste- and by-products of low nutritional value, which might result in decreased performance and/or increased trait variability within a population. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate how genotypes perform across various diets. Here, we investigated plasticity and G × E for mean performance and trait variation, which we define as the ability of a genotype to produce consistent phenotypes within and across environments. We did this by rearing 190 full-sib families of house fly larvae, <i>Musca domestica</i> L. (Diptera: Muscidae), on two diets based on either alfalfa, <i>Medicago sativa</i> L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), or deproteinated grass. Four larval traits were assessed: egg-to-larva viability, surface area, dry weight and relative lipid content. Reaction norms were used to investigate the effects of diet on full-sib family mean and trait variation within and across environments. We found that families reared on the grass-based diet had higher performance across all investigated traits than families reared on the alfalfa-based diet. For both mean performance and trait variation, we found G × E for all investigated traits. These findings suggest that there is genetic variation for plasticity (slope of reaction norms) for both trait mean and trait variation, and thus that there is a potential to breed for genotypes with high performance as well as for genotypes with low trait variation within and across diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":11741,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata","volume":"173 6","pages":"575-589"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}