{"title":"Governance by One-Lot Shares","authors":"Feng Cao, Yuhai Xuan, Rongli Yuan, H. Zou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3691593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3691593","url":null,"abstract":"How to protect public investors from expropriation by controlling shareholders in firms with concentrated ownership structures continues to be a challenge for many markets including the U.S. In this paper, we examine the effect of having a token minority activist shareholder on improving investor protection, exploiting a recent, novel policy experiment in China. The experiment, conducted by the China Securities Regulatory Commission, created an institutional investor which holds 100 shares in pilot portfolio firms incorporated in three designated regions and exercises oversight in the capacity of a not-for-profit quasi-official shareholder. We find that relative to control firms, independent directors of the pilot firms are more likely to cast dissenting votes during the pilot. Improved monitoring by independent directors and activism by the token shareholder result in a reduction in tunneling related-party transactions and earnings management and an increase in the quality of mergers and acquisitions. Overall, our results shed light on a new mechanism for enhancing the protection of minority shareholders.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124477621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ownership Concentration and Bank Profitability in China","authors":"Qiubin Huang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3684066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3684066","url":null,"abstract":"Ownership concentration is an important mechanism of corporate governance, but its effect on corporate performance is ambiguous. Based on a sample of Chinese listed banks, we find that ownership concentration is positively associated with bank profitability during the 2007–2018 period, and the association is negatively moderated by bank size. An important policy implication is that banks may build a concentrated ownership structure to enhance their profitability.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133542347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"South African Mandatory Offers Regime: Assessing Minorities’ Leverage to Seek Recourse and Equal Treatment in Takeover Bids","authors":"Paul Nkoane","doi":"10.5553/elr.000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5553/elr.000169","url":null,"abstract":"A firm intention announcement must be made when the offeror is able and willing to acquire securities, and when a mandatory offer must be made. When the firm intention announcement is implemented, some sort of a contract is created. This rule has helped to determine the particular time the offeror should be liable to minorities. The question of when the offeror should bear the obligation to implement mandatory offers in aborted takeovers is thus no more problematic. Previously, the courts wrestled with this issue, but delivered what appears to be unsatisfactory decisions. This article will discuss the effect of a firm intention announcement and the responsibility that attends the making of that announcement. It intends to illustrate the extent of liability the offeror must bear in the event of a lapsed takeover, before and after the making of the firm intention announcement. The article examines the manner in which takeover rules can be enforced, and whether the current measures afford minorities proper protection. This brings to light the issue of equal treatment in takeovers and the fallacy thereof. A minor appraisal of the takeover rules in two jurisdictions in Europe (the United Kingdom and the Netherlands) is conducted to assess how equal treatment for minorities is promoted. Due to the difficulty minorities may experience in enforcing equal treatment in company takeovers, the article advocates for the alteration of the current South African takeover procedure for the promotion of minorities’ interests and for establishing rules that provide the offeror adequate information.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132349355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sampaio, Humberto Gallucci Netto, Vinicius Augusto Brunassi Silva, R. Schiozer
{"title":"Mandatory IFRS Adoption, Corporate Governance and Firm Value","authors":"J. Sampaio, Humberto Gallucci Netto, Vinicius Augusto Brunassi Silva, R. Schiozer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3639275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3639275","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether financial and accounting disclosure affect firm value, by focusing on the adoption of the full International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in Brazil in 2010. We claim that Brazil is a unique and ideal scenario to investigate this issue, because the country adopted IFRS in a shorter period compared to other economies, and its firms presented ex-ante cross-sectional heterogeneity in accounting quality. With a sample of Brazilian publicly-listed firms from 2004 to 2015 we use a diff-in-diff and propensity score matching techniques to compare firms with ex-ante lower quality of accounting (firms in the Regular and Level 1 tiers of corporate governance) with otherwise-similar firms that already complied with higher-quality accounting standards (firms in the Level 2 and Novo Mercado tiers) before the mandatory adoption of IFRS.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115911193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Оценка рисков проектов С R&D с помощью меры риска VaR И ES (Risk Assessment of Projects With R&D Using the Risk Measure VaR and ES)","authors":"V. Minasyan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3710520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3710520","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Препринт подготовлен по материалам научно-исследовательской работы, выполненной в РАНХиГС при Президенте Российской Федерации в 2019 г. В данной работе предложена модель по оценке рисков проектов компаний, в которых присутствует R&D (Research & Development) – научно-исследовательские и опытно- конструкторские работы (НИОКР), комплекс мероприятий, включающий в себя как научные исследования, так и производство опытных и мелкосерийных образцов продукции, предшествующее запуску нового продукта или системы в промышленное производство. В работе получил развитие метод оценки соответствующих рисков, с помощью модифицированной для данного применения меры VaR.Построенная модель позволяет оценить риски проектов с R&D с помощью меры риска VaR при всевозможных параметрах, присутствующих в модели. Одновременно в работе приведен анализ уровня влияния проектов с R&D на экономику в целом.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The preprint was prepared on the basis of research work carried out at the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation in 2019. This paper proposes a model for assessing the risks of projects of companies in which there is R&D (Research & Development) - research and development work (R&D), a set of measures that includes both scientific research and the production of prototypes and small-scale samples products prior to the launch of a new product or system into industrial production. In this work, a method for assessing the corresponding risks was developed using a modified VaR measure for this application. The constructed model makes it possible to assess the risks of projects with R&D using the risk measure VaR with all possible parameters present in the model. At the same time, the paper analyzes the level of influence of projects with R&D on the economy as a whole.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121619130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Al Balooshi, Maria Chiara Iannino, Pejman Abedifar
{"title":"Firm Opacity and Islamic Securities Issuance","authors":"Sara Al Balooshi, Maria Chiara Iannino, Pejman Abedifar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604514","url":null,"abstract":"We study the relationship between opacity and external funding decisions when different types of sukuk and conventional financial instruments are available. For this purpose, we construct an opacity index for 107 Malaysian firms issuing sukuk and conventional financial instruments during 2005-2017. We apply a mixed-level multinomial logistic model for our analysis. We find that as opacity levels increase, the probability of firms issuing zero-coupon sukuk is the greatest followed by conventional bonds and profit-loss sharing sukuk, and equity. Our results suggest that issuing zero-coupon sukuk requires more supervision, which has important implications for policy-makers and investors.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132602858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Whistleblowing as a Corporate Governance Mechanism: A Comparative Analysis of Employee-Whistleblower Protection in the United Kingdom and Nigeria","authors":"Uboho Inyang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3547899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3547899","url":null,"abstract":"Under the notion of effective corporate governance, transparency and information disclosure are ideal requirements for the successful running of a corporation. However, in this age of sophistication in information processing and storage, these do not always come easy. Given this reality, stakeholders are expected to be involved in seeing to it that a corporation is transparently run without giving room for the perpetration of sinister activities by the managers of the company, more so when taking into consideration the fallible human nature of the managers. Whilst several approaches are consistently birthed in this regard, whistleblowing over the years has come to be reckoned with as one of those corporate governance mechanisms that effectively checkmate the managers in their administering of corporate entities. Whereas, whistleblowing involves a wide range of players/actors touching invariably all stakeholders of the company including shareholders, managers, promoters, employees and even the society at large, in most cases the employee-whistle-blowers are susceptible to reprisal attacks by erring managers than others, resulting in demotions and even termination of their employment contracts. For this reason, there has been a growing regulatory intervention in various jurisdictions to protect whistle-blowers, particularly, employees from suffering any detriment as a result of their brave act of disclosure to serve the public good. This paper compares the employee-whistle-blower protection regimes in two jurisdictions, the United Kingdom and Nigeria. It concludes that whereas both countries have wide-ranging regulatory provisions protecting employee-whistle-blowers from victimisation, the UK adopts a more intentional approach, going by its unified regulatory regime on whistle-blower protection.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133217745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behavioral Forensics - An In-Depth Study","authors":"A. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3517622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3517622","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate Governance is of a paramount issue to a company, and it should be given equal significance as the companies give for its business plan, since a market is a culmination of companies upholding corporate governance is the duties of the companies if not it will have a macro effect in the economy. There still companies who pierce the veil and in this study an attempt has been made to decode the possible financial frauds using Didier Sornette’s drawdown approach. Top 12 companies according to the weights in S&P 500 is taken as sample also an overall analysis is done for the S&P 500 Index. This approach identifies the breakpoints and clearly detects the critical points and indicates the dates. Data samples of 7 years have taken to ensure the robustness of the model. This model helps investors get a broader perspective and idea about the companies in which they can invest their money. Events related to the critical points can be traced back and the relevance of irregularity can be comprehended and further decisions can be taken. This model can also be used Foreign Institutional Investors and Qualified Institutional Buyers to have cross-verification of governance from a different perspective altogether.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134344336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Affect of Operational Ratio on Corporate Governance of Emirates Nbd in United Arab Emirates (UAE)","authors":"Nurulhuda Ramli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3496764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3496764","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the interdependence between the risks in the presence of corporate governance in banking sector that listed in United Arab Emirates (UAE). There are a few variables used to determine the risks and the performance of the selected bank over five-year period of annual report from 2014 to 2018. This study utilized the main risks associated with the selected bank namely corporate governance, credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk and market risk against the bank’s performance. These entire ratios will determine the performance associated with Emirates National of Dubai from the year 2014 to 2018. All the data collected is analyse by using IBM Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS) version 25.","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126869366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Independent Auditors 'Training on Independent Auditors' Misstatement in Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange","authors":"Mohsen Hashemi Gohar, Amir Afsharian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3451951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3451951","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, the topic of education and experience has always been the focus of attention, especially in academic circles. Today, with the rapid development of various sciences, the importance of education and experience has become increasingly apparent. The economic and financial circles have not been excluded from this category and have realized the importance of the above and have always sought to improve the educational status and experience of staff in the economic and financial field, in particular auditing. Given the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of independent auditors' training on the misstatement of established auditors and using the audited data of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange and distribution of questionnaires among trusted auditors. The results showed that there is a significant and inverse relationship between the level of education and experience of auditors and the auditors' misconception about corporate financial statements. Some firms are audited by experienced auditors and higher education level than other companies. They are less likely to make a misconception.<br>","PeriodicalId":117141,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Corporate Governance (Emerging Markets Economics) (Topic)","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133407103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}