{"title":"Financial Development, Human Capital Development and Income Inequality: Evidence from Developing Countries","authors":"Samina Sabir, N. Asghar, Farhat Rasul","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.57","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the nexus between financial deepening and income equality in developing countries. Two indicators of income inequality, the Gini coefficient, and the income share of the bottom quintile of the population, are used for this analysis of 31 developing countries spanning the period 1996 to 2019. The system generalized method of moment (GMM) is used to tackle the problem of endogeneity. This study finds the inverted U-shaped relationship between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and income inequality, while the non-linear relationship is observed between financial deepening and income inequality. This implies that at an early stage of financial development income inequality increases and as a certain threshold level of financial development is marked, income inequality decreases. Moreover educated and healthy human capital has negative impacts on income inequality in developing countries. Therefore this study infers to enhance human capital development in developing countries to crush down income inequality.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. U. Sohail, N. Koyuncu, Muhammad Areeb Iqbal Sethi
{"title":"Almost Unbiased Estimation of Coefficient of Dispersion from Incomplete Data","authors":"M. U. Sohail, N. Koyuncu, Muhammad Areeb Iqbal Sethi","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.110","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops an almost unbiased estimation of coefficient of dispersion by the productive use of coefficient of dispersion of the auxiliary variable in two phase sampling. Expressions for variances of the proposed estimators are obtained up to first order of approximation. The relative comparision of proposed unbiased ratio estimator are compared with navie estimator by using simulated data sets. Thus, we conclude that the suggested imputation methodology is more efficient than traditional estimator.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Malik, Humaira Afzal, M. Mufti, Asghar Ali, Ali Hassan
{"title":"Challenges and Research Advancement in 5G Wireless Backhaul Networks","authors":"H. Malik, Humaira Afzal, M. Mufti, Asghar Ali, Ali Hassan","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.35","url":null,"abstract":"5G networks should achieve Gigabit speed in the future cellular network. Getting higher speed is a considerable challenge to manage the 5G Wireless Backhaul Network functionally. This research studies two network wireless backhaul architectures such as small cell networks and millimeter-wave transmission technologies for Centralized and Distributed scenarios. In addition, for various network topologies and wireless backhaul network frequency bands, energy efficiency is compared. Numeric comparative findings give guidance for deploying inexpensive and high energy capability of future 5G wireless backhaul networks","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125335664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Problems faced by Parents’ during Online Learning and their Managing Strategies","authors":"Asif Iqbal, Farah Shafiq, Muhammad Naveed Khalid","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.51","url":null,"abstract":"The need for virtual and online learning has been increased with the rapid growth of modern technology and knowledge, but the speed and volume of learning fluctuate. The study in hand is an intention to investigate the problems faced by parents’ during online learning and their managing strategies at university level. In addition it explored the role of parents towards the education of their children. The self-developed instrument, Parents’ Online Survey [POS], was used. The findings of the study showed that a statistically significant difference between male and female parents about the problems faced by parents during online education of their kids and as well as managing strategies of those problems. It revealed that male parents (fathers) were more conscious about the problems of their kids as they were the sole responsible to explore the solutions of those problems as compared with females (mothers). Parents use different management techniques to improve the virtual learning environment of the students like creating an ideal learning environment to their children, providing information technology and removing the learning barriers their kids face during virtual and online learning. They also managed the noise distortion, financial barriers encountered the non-academic attitude of the parents. It was suggested that there should be proper facilitation may be provided by the government to parents while starting the virtual and online sessions for students.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116483697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Yearly Consumption Expenditure of the Household on Durable, Non-Durable Goods and Services in Pakistan","authors":"Pamir Khan, Y. Khan, Said Farooq Shah","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.48","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to explore the yearly consumption expenditure of household on durable, non-durable goods and services in Pakistan using partial data from Pakistan social and living standards measurement survey. From the hidden patterns in the data using different data mining techniques and statistical tools it has been observed that consumption quintiles in various regions, provinces, genders, and languages are changing. In addition, the mean consumption expenditures per household and mean consumption expenditures per-capita vary according to region, gender, province, and language. While summarizing consumption quintiles and people infected with different diseases, it has been seen that the number of infected people declines as consumption expenditure increases. The Chi-square test revealed that the number of people infected with malaria and hepatitis differs by consumption expenditure quintile. The number of days a person had malaria was negatively correlated with monthly consumption expenditure. The descriptive tables result that woman in rich households are more likely to make decisions in their households related to education and employment. In the regression analysis, women's involvement in decision-making impacts the monthly consumption expenditure per household except for medical decisions.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123050184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of the Relationship between Family Income and Literacy Level","authors":"Tahir Nadeem, N. Akhtar, M. Ahmad","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.50","url":null,"abstract":"Many socioeconomic factors influence the literacy rate in Pakistan. Poverty is known to be the main factor considered to have coexisted with low literacy skills and under achievements. There is an established link between poverty and illiteracy in developing countries. Poverty forces people into child labor, which produces illiteracy and these illiterates are forced to take low-income jobs that produce poverty. Thus, poverty and illiteracy have a cyclical relationship. The study was launched to further probe the link between family income and the acquisition of literacy skills. The main aim of the study was to: examine the co-occurrence of family income and participants’ learning achievement level; and to explore the role of income on participants’ literacy skills and to recommend certain measures to improve literacy. The study was descriptive, and the survey method was adopted to gather data from the people of the District of Bahawalpur. Two types of research tools were employed in the current study. The first tool was adapted by the Lao National Literacy Survey 2001, which was based on household information. The second tool was a test, adapted by the Lao National Literacy Survey 2001, which measures the basic literacy skills (reading, writing, numeracy, and visual skills) and background information of respondents. The researcher used two separate sheets for each respondent. One sheet was used for households' basic information and the other for the compilation of test results of the literacy skills of the respondents. After gathering the complete information from respondents, the data was organized and analyzed statistically. The main finding of the study reflective that high family income correlates with a higher level of literacy skills, and lower-income with a lower level of literacy skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the government launch facilitating programs for the needy and vulnerable wards of society.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125359914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimizing Inventory Management Cost: Case of Simap","authors":"A. Nazuk, M. Rashid, Verda Salman","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i2.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i2.53","url":null,"abstract":"Inventory management is an important phase of total quality control. The surgical instruments manufacturing industry is one of the export-oriented sectors in Pakistan; there is a need to improve its business operations. This study focuses on comparison of eight techniques for the inventory management; data for 12 months was curated in 2017, from 75 firms operating in Sialkot. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the following eight inventory management techniques: Lot for Lot, Wagner-Whitin, Least Unit Cost, Least Total Cost, Silver-Meal, Economic Order Quantity, Periodic Order Quantity, and Part Period Balancing. The Lot for Lot, Least Unit Cost, Least Total Cost, Sliver-Meal, and Wagner-Whiten, were found better than Economic Order Quantity, Periodic Order Quantity, and Part Period Balancing; Periodic Order Quantity is better than Economic Order Quantity which in turn is better than Part Period Balancing. One must keep in mind that statistical out-performance of one technique against the other should not consume the decision-makers, rather the decision should also include the practicality of the business operation.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116339194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saher Fatima, Rana Aamir Raza, M. Pasha, Asghar Ali
{"title":"Generalization ability of Extreme Learning Machine using different Sample Selection Methods","authors":"Saher Fatima, Rana Aamir Raza, M. Pasha, Asghar Ali","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"The recent explosion of data has triggered the need of data reduction for completing the effective data mining task in the process of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). The process of instance selection (IS) plays a significant role for data reduction by eliminating the redundant, noisy, unreliable and irrelevant instances, which, in-turn reduces the computational resources, and helps to increase the capabilities and generalization abilities of the learning models. . This manuscript expounds the concept and functionalities of seven different instance selection techniques (i.e., ENN, AllKNN, MENN, ENNTh, Mul- tiEdit, NCNEdit, and RNG), and also evaluates their effectiveness by using single layer feed-forward neural network (SLFN), which is trained with extreme learning machine (ELM). Unlike traditional neural network, ELM randomly chooses the weights and biases of hidden layer nodes and analytically determines the weights of output layer node. The generalization ability of ELM is analyzed by using both original and reduced datasets. Experiment results depict that ELM provides better generalization with these IS methods.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114499990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite Population Distribution Function Estimation Using Auxiliary Information Under Simple Random Sampling","authors":"Sohaib Ahmad, S. Hussain, Sohail Ahmad","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new estimator for estimating the finite population distribution function(DF) are propose using supplementary information on the DF of the auxiliary variable under simple random sampling. A comparative study is conducted to compare, theoretically and numerically, the adapted distribution function estimators of Cochran (1940), Murthy (1967), Bahl and Tuteja (1991), Rao (1991), Singh et al. (2009) and Grover and Kaur (2014) with the proposed estimators. It is found that the proposed estimators always perform better than the adapted estimators in terms of MSE and percentage relative efficiency.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131895105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Statistical Modeling and Significance of Inputs Studies for the Rice Crop Productivity in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Islam, R. Siddiqui","doi":"10.52700/scir.v3i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52700/scir.v3i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Lower production of rice crop and increasing population trend is a tangible question for Pakistan. The current study based cross-sectional data collected from crop reporting service Punjab. The multiple linear regression (MLR) model is applied to investigate the significant factor for rice crop yield enhancement. The inputs variable i.e. owned land, seed rate, DAP, Urea, no. of water, no. of ploughs, no. of levels, crop life periods days, other fertilizers, variety super yes or no, seed type yes or no, spray no or yes and disease attack yes or no are studied in MLR model for rice productivity. All the factors found to be statistical significant except land, level, crop life period and super variety. Adj R2 is found to be 0.422 and it is good fit for cross-sectional data.","PeriodicalId":117051,"journal":{"name":"STATISTICS, COMPUTING AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130382848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}