Environmental Disease最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Method for estimation of hippuric acid as a biomarker of toluene exposure in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography after extraction with ethyl acetate 乙酸乙酯萃取后高效液相色谱法测定尿中作为甲苯暴露生物标志物的马尿酸
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_22_18
A. Yadav, A. Basu, Amit Chakarbarti
{"title":"Method for estimation of hippuric acid as a biomarker of toluene exposure in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography after extraction with ethyl acetate","authors":"A. Yadav, A. Basu, Amit Chakarbarti","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_22_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_22_18","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to establish liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) for estimation of hippuric acid (HA) in urine as a biomarker of the toluene exposure by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDAD). Method: HA in urine was extracted by LLE and determined by HPLC-PDAD. The operating conditions with HPLC were ODS-2 hypersil column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), 0.1% trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) in acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA in water as mobile phase, 1 ml/min flow rate, and wavelength of 205 nm. The validity of the present method was tested by the estimation of HA in urine samples, collected from toluene-exposed (shoe workers) and unexposed or control subjects. Results: Binary gradient system was used to achieve optimum separation. The analytical curve prepared for HA in aqueous solution in the range of 0.5–10 μg/ml showed determination coefficient value (R2) 0.998. Limit of detection and quantification (LOQ) were 0.46 and 1.53 μg/ml, respectively. The coefficients of variance for intraday precision were 1.4% for HA standard (5 μg/ml) and 1.1% for pooled urine, whereas inter-day precision values were 3.2% and 4.9% for HA standard and pooled urine, respectively. Method recovery obtained was 96%–120% for HA solutions containing 2, 3, and 5 μg/ml, demonstrating that precision and recovery of method were satisfactory. Compared to unexposed group, exposed group had significantly more HA. It was found significantly (P < 0.05) higher in urine of exposed workers (32.52 ± 10.91) than unexposed group (16.21 ± 10.14). Conclusion: Sample preparation by LLE is simple and cost-effective for the determination of HA as a biomarker of toluene exposure by HPLC-PDAD. It can be used to detect HA in urine for population exposed to toluene.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"76 1","pages":"17 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73663117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis and the parasitic effect on plasma cytokines in children aged 6 to 11 years in Saki-East local government area in Nigeria 尼日利亚Saki-East地方政府地区6至11岁儿童犬弓形虫血清阳性率及寄生虫对血浆细胞因子的影响
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_23_18
M. Olaniyan, Mufutau Azeez
{"title":"Seroprevalence of Toxocara canis and the parasitic effect on plasma cytokines in children aged 6 to 11 years in Saki-East local government area in Nigeria","authors":"M. Olaniyan, Mufutau Azeez","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_23_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_23_18","url":null,"abstract":"Study Background: Toxocara canis is a helminths parasite known as dog worm but infects human through infected dog feces or contaminated dirt. It is a neglected disease in economically less privileged areas. The parasitic infection can generate inflammatory process. Aim and Objective: This work was designed to determine the seroprevalence of T. canis and the parasitic effect on plasma cytokines in children aged 6–11 years in Saki-East local government area in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Two hundred children aged 6–11 years (female – 100 and male – 100) were recruited across Saki-East local government area. One hundred and sixty-one of them not infected with any of the infectious agents were studied as control. Sputum, blood, stool, skin snip, and urine samples were obtained for microscopic identification of parasites. Sputum sample was also used for Ziehl–Neelsen staining to demonstrate acid-fast bacilli, while ELISA technique was used for determination of T. canis, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), HBsAg, HIV1-p24 antigen, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), and interleukin (IL)-10. Results: The results obtained showed overall seroprevalence of T. canis among the children as 9.5% (19) including 6% (12) male and 3.5% (7) female children. This included 5.5% (11) monoinfected with T. canis; 1% (2) were T. canis coinfected with Ascaris lumbricoides; 1% (2) were T. canis coinfected with hepatitis B virus; 1% (2) were T. canis coinfected with Plasmodium spp.; 0.5% (1) were T. canis coinfected with hookworm; and 0.5% (1) were T. canis coinfected with Schistosoma haematobium. There is no coinfection with either HIV or HCV among the children. 10% (20) were infected with infectious agents but seronegative to T. canis. There was a significant increase in the plasma values of cytokines TNFα and IL-10 in T. canis monoinfected children compared with the control (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The work revealed an overall seroprevalence of T. canis as 9.5% including 5.5% monoinfection and a significant increase in plasma TNFα and IL-10 in T. canis monoinfection.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"29 1","pages":"12 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78799403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Bisphenol A (BPA) in liquid portions of canned foods obtained from domestic and Asian markets in the United States 从美国国内和亚洲市场获得的罐装食品液体部分中的双酚A (BPA)
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_8_19
A. Joiakim, David J. Kaplan, D. Putt, J. Santos, K. Friedrich, So H. Kim, Hyesook Kim
{"title":"Bisphenol A (BPA) in liquid portions of canned foods obtained from domestic and Asian markets in the United States","authors":"A. Joiakim, David J. Kaplan, D. Putt, J. Santos, K. Friedrich, So H. Kim, Hyesook Kim","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_8_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_8_19","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA) is a phenolic environmental estrogen that disrupts endocrine activity thereby increasing the risk of hormone-related health problems. The human population is highly exposed to BPA and food is believed to be a primary source of BPA exposure. The aim of this study was to test the sensitivity and specificity of a BPA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to measure levels of BPA in supernatants obtained from various canned foods from different countries. The concentration of BPA was measured in supernatant from different types of canned soup and vegetable mixes produced by US companies and two companies each from three different Asian countries (Korea, Japan and China), which are available at markets in the USA. ELISA results were confirmed by LC/MS/MS and shown to be in agreement. Cross-reactivity tests demonstrated that BPA ELISA kit does not cross-react with other tested phenolic compounds. There was no significant difference of BPA levels in different types of soups from different US companies. However, levels of BPA in supernatants of canned vegetable mixes of a company in the USA were 200-fold lower than the levels in canned vegetable soups of the US companies. BPA levels varied greatly among canned foods among companies in various countries. Thus, this study validated the use of a simple ELISA assay to measure levels of BPA in supernatants of canned food, which would facilitate the routine monitoring of dietary exposure to BPA. Decreasing the consumption of BPA will lead to a reduction in the risk of adverse health effects.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"83 1","pages":"6 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86582502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Implementing measures to minimize the measles-associated deaths and accomplish global elimination 实施措施,尽量减少麻疹相关死亡并实现全球消除
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_21_18
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
{"title":"Implementing measures to minimize the measles-associated deaths and accomplish global elimination","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_21_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_21_18","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Measles is ranked as one of the most frequent causes of death among young children.[1] It is noteworthy that the disease is extremely common in developing nations, especially in the nations in the African and Asian regions.[1] In addition, it has been reported that, in contrast to the developed nations, 95% of the reported deaths are from developing nations, clearly indicating the role of weak health infrastructure.[1] This becomes a serious and an alarming cause of concern for all the stakeholders, as a safe and cost‐effective vaccine for decades together is available.[1‐3]","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"16 1","pages":"88 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87702755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children: A case report and literature review 儿童急性坏死性脑病1例报告及文献复习
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_20_18
Ping Yuan, Min Zhong
{"title":"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children: A case report and literature review","authors":"Ping Yuan, Min Zhong","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_20_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_20_18","url":null,"abstract":"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare clinical-imaging syndrome with unknown etiology, characterized by acute fulminant severe encephalopathy and brain damage with multifocal symmetry. ANE has no specific clinical symptoms and signs, similar to common encephalitis or encephalopathy symptoms. The characteristic brain imaging examination is diagnostically significant. To date, no specific treatment for ANE is available and the prognosis is poor. Here, we reported a typical case of ANE in a child, and where a good outcome was achieved through combined therapy with immunoglobulin and glucocorticoids.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"92 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80444760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Climate change and occupational health of outdoor workers: An urgent call to action for European policymakers 气候变化与户外工作者的职业健康:呼吁欧洲决策者采取紧急行动
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ED.ED_15_18
F. Chirico, G. Taino
{"title":"Climate change and occupational health of outdoor workers: An urgent call to action for European policymakers","authors":"F. Chirico, G. Taino","doi":"10.4103/ED.ED_15_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ED.ED_15_18","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, literature on the relationship between global climate change and occupational health and safety has not been very prolific. A recent review (2016), updating a past 2009 review on this topic, has identified seven categories of climate‐related occupational hazards: (a) increased ambient temperature, (b) air pollution, (c) ultraviolet (UV) exposure, (d) extreme weather, (e) vector‐borne diseases and expanded habitats, (f) industrial transitions and emerging industries, and (g) changes in the built environment.[1] Other potential hazards are exposure to wildfires and workplace violence.[2] Across the world, climate change led to higher temperatures and occupational heat‐stress levels in both indoor and outdoor workers.[3,4] However, outdoor workers’ health and productivity in warmer climate are at higher risk because environmental conditions affect health and work productivity for especially those activities that require physical work.[3]","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"66 1","pages":"77 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86800849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The primary unfolded protein response transducer endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 is downregulated in livers of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients 原发性未折叠蛋白反应传感器内质网-核信号1在人类非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者的肝脏中下调
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_1_19
El Hussain Shamsa, Kezhong Zhang
{"title":"The primary unfolded protein response transducer endoplasmic reticulum-to-nucleus signaling 1 is downregulated in livers of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients","authors":"El Hussain Shamsa, Kezhong Zhang","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_1_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_1_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is an elegant signaling pathway from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to protect cells from stress caused by accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER lumen. ER-to-Nucleus Signaling 1 (IRE1, also called ERN1), an ER-localized protein kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase), is the most conserved transducer of the UPR signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated expression levels of IRE1 in the livers of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients. Methods: We analyzed the expression profiles of the primary UPR transducer IRE1 in the livers of human NASH patients based on the microarray gene expression datasets obtained from public domain. Results: Our analyses indicated that expression levels of IRE1 were decreased in the livers of human obese patients with NASH, compared to those of obese patients without NASH. Conclusions: Our analysis result is consistent with the role of IRE1-mediated UPR in preserving cellular homeostasis and functions and in protecting organisms from injuries. This study provides important information in regard to the activation and functional involvement of the UPR signaling pathway in human NASH.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"53 1","pages":"80 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75076619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Particulate air pollution: Major research methods and applications in animal models 空气微粒污染:主要研究方法及其在动物模型中的应用
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_16_18
Yanan Shang, Qinghua Sun
{"title":"Particulate air pollution: Major research methods and applications in animal models","authors":"Yanan Shang, Qinghua Sun","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_16_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_16_18","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of gaseous and solid particle compounds in which primary particles are emitted directly into the atmosphere, such as diesel soot, while secondary particles are created through physicochemical transformation. Particulate matter (PM), especially fine and ultrafine particles, can be inhaled and deposited in the alveolar cavities and penetrate into circulation. An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for more than half a century and increasing evidence demonstrates a strong link between exposure on PM and the development of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Experimental animal models have been extensively used to study the underlying mechanism caused by environmental exposure to ambient PM. Due to their availability, quality, cost, and genetically modified strains, rodent models have been widely used. Some common exposure approaches include intranasal instillation, intratracheal instillation, nose-only inhalation, whole-body inhalation, and intravenous injection have been reviewed with a brief summary of its performance, merit, limitation, and application. We hope this would provide a useful reference in advancing experimental researches about air pollution human health and disease development.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"13 1","pages":"57 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78096071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
In vitro immunomodulatory, antifungal, and antibacterial screening of Phyllanthus niruri against to human pathogenic microorganisms 余甘子对人致病性微生物的体外免疫调节、抗真菌和抗菌筛选
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_9_18
V. Shilpa, K. Muddukrishnaiah, B. Thavamani, V. Dhanapal, K. Arathi, K. Vinod, S. Sreeranjini
{"title":"In vitro immunomodulatory, antifungal, and antibacterial screening of Phyllanthus niruri against to human pathogenic microorganisms","authors":"V. Shilpa, K. Muddukrishnaiah, B. Thavamani, V. Dhanapal, K. Arathi, K. Vinod, S. Sreeranjini","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_9_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_9_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants present a wide range of potentially phytochemical compounds that contain many useful properties including anticancer, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antiallergic activities. Phyllanthus niruri capsules are extensively recommended to improve the function of the diseased liver. Its leaves root and the whole plant are used as an herbal complement. Aim: The present study was aimed to focus on the in vitro immunomodulatory activity, antifungal, antibacterial and phytochemical screening of aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract of P. niruri. Materials and Methods: Immunomodulatory activities were evaluated through nitroblue tetrazolium assay. Antifungal and antibacterial activity were conducted against Candida albicans (NCIM - 3100), Aspergillus niger (NCIM - 1028), Eschericha coli (NCIM - 5346), Bacillus subtilis (NCIM - 2920), and Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM - 5345) by using disc diffusion method. Results: Medicinal plants contain polyphenolic compounds which have potent anti-cancer and immunomodulator activity. P. niruri has potential immunomodulatory activity. Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract of P. niruri did not show any significant antifungal activity and 100 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, and 200 mg/ml. Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extract showed significant antibacterial activity. Conclusion: From this study, it is concluded that P. niruri does not have antifungal activity but has potent immunomodulatory and antibacterial activity. This immunomodulatory and antibacterial activity of P. niruri may be due to the secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, tannins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenol compounds.","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"29 1 1","pages":"63 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84031691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Containing the 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar: World Health Organization 遏制2017年马达加斯加鼠疫疫情:世界卫生组织
Environmental Disease Pub Date : 2018-07-01 DOI: 10.4103/ed.ed_14_18
S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava
{"title":"Containing the 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar: World Health Organization","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/ed.ed_14_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ed.ed_14_18","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editor, Plague is an infectious zoonotic disease of bacterial origin, with the agent being present in small mammals and their fleas.[1] The disease occurs in two forms, namely bubonic and pneumonic with a case fatality ratio of 45% and 100% (if untreated), respectively.[1] The available global estimates suggest that close to 3250 cases and case fatality ratio of 18% have been reported between 2010 and 2015.[1]","PeriodicalId":11702,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Disease","volume":"40 1","pages":"74 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85461337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信