Jussi Isokuortti, Connor J. O'Dea, Seth R. Allen, Serhii Vasylevskyi, Zachariah A. Page, Sean T. Roberts
{"title":"Putting the “P” Back in Delayed Fluorescence – Silylethynyl Substitution Generates Efficient Pyrene Annihilators for Red-to-Blue Photon Upconversion","authors":"Jussi Isokuortti, Connor J. O'Dea, Seth R. Allen, Serhii Vasylevskyi, Zachariah A. Page, Sean T. Roberts","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triplet-triplet annihilation photon upconversion (TTA-UC) converts low-energy photons to higher-energy ones under low-intensity incoherent excitation, thus enabling applications in fields ranging from medicine to solar energy conversion. Silylethynyl mono- and di-substitution of acenes offers an attractive route to creating new annihilators that operate with minimal energy loss. Here, it is demonstrated that this approach can be extended to pyrene, yielding annihilators that display efficient red-to-blue upconversion. While pyrene is the namesake of P-type delayed fluorescence, the original name for triplet-triplet annihilation, it is known to be a poor annihilator due to its propensity for forming excimers. By tetra-substituting pyrene with silylethynyl groups, excimer formation is substantially hindered while simultaneously minimizing the energy gap between the singlet and triplet pair states that participate in TTA-UC, yielding outstanding annihilators for red-to-blue upconversion that operate with quantum yields of upward of 19% (29% when corrected for inner filter effects). Further, it is found that reducing the bulkiness of the silyl substituents is key to achieving high TTA-UC quantum yields, which highlights the importance of annihilator side group selection when optimizing photon upconversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202500388","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinkang Zhang, Peili Gao, Xiaopeng Zhang, Hong Xu, Shuming Chen, Hong Meng, Hao Yan
{"title":"From TFB to PKVA: A Novel Cross-Linkable Hole-Transport Polymer for Enhanced Solvent Resistance and Efficiency in Solution-Processed OLEDs and QLEDs","authors":"Xinkang Zhang, Peili Gao, Xiaopeng Zhang, Hong Xu, Shuming Chen, Hong Meng, Hao Yan","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional polymer hole-transport materials (HTMs), TFB, widely employed in solution-processed organic and quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (OLEDs and QLEDs), suffer from limited solvent resistance and fixed energy levels. In this study, a novel polymer HTM (named PKVA) is presented incorporating thermally cross-linkable styryl and high triplet-energy carbazole moieties. Compared to TFB, PKVA exhibits an increased bandgap, higher triplet energy, superior solvent resistance (<1% dissolved), and excellent film-forming properties. The solution-processed green OLED using PKVA demonstrates a remarkable improvement in current efficiency (CE) from 21.0 to 62.5 cd A<sup>−1</sup> accompanied by a reduced efficiency roll-off. Further, replacing TFB with PKVA in blue and green QLEDs enhances EQE from 11.9% to 15.2% and 15.1% to 18.5%, respectively, highlighting PKVA's suitability for diverse device applications. The enhanced performance is attributed to PKVA's exceptional solvent resistance and uniform film morphology, which minimize leakage current caused by interfacial mixing. Additionally, PKVA enables balanced charge carrier transport, effectively shifting the recombination zone and preventing charge carrier accumulation at the interface. These findings underscore the versatility and promise of PKVA as a high-performance polymer HTM for various solution-processed light-emitting devices, advancing the design of efficient and stable OLEDs and QLEDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elisa De Luca, Chiara Coricciati, Marcella Trombetta, Giuseppe Gigli, Pamela Mozetic, Alberto Rainer
{"title":"Optical Nanoscopy for Elucidating Nano–Bio Interactions: A One Health Perspective","authors":"Elisa De Luca, Chiara Coricciati, Marcella Trombetta, Giuseppe Gigli, Pamela Mozetic, Alberto Rainer","doi":"10.1002/adom.202401397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202401397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Advances in nanotechnology have led to an increased adoption of nanoengineered materials in several areas (including, but not limited to, medicine, food, cosmetics, electronics, and energy), implying their direct or indirect contact with the human body or their dispersion in the environment. In the “Era of One Health”, the concept of exposome is becoming central, thereby demanding for a deeper understanding of the relationships and interactions of “stressors” in the environment and their biological effects. The fast evolution of super-resolution microscopy (also called optical nanoscopy) greatly contributes to the characterization of biological structures and cellular dynamics at the nanometer scale, helping to unveil the intricate nature of the interactions occurring between nanomaterials and biological systems (nano–bio interactions), which need to be elucidated in view of a safe and sustainable application of nanotechnology. In this review, the contribution of optical nanoscopy (with a focus on far-field fluorescence-based techniques) to the characterization and understanding of nanomaterial interactions with biological systems at the single-particle and molecular scale is enlightened, with an accent on their impact on human and ecosystem health.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202401397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yunfei Li, Yichi Zhang, Ruiyang Zhao, Han Huang, Xuefeng Liu, Yafei Feng, Jiayu Li, Yuan Li, Ying Ji, Huangjian Sun, Qing Liao, Hongbing Fu
{"title":"Highly Conductive and Strongly Emissive Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals for Low-Threshold Lasers and Bright Light-Emitting Transistors","authors":"Yunfei Li, Yichi Zhang, Ruiyang Zhao, Han Huang, Xuefeng Liu, Yafei Feng, Jiayu Li, Yuan Li, Ying Ji, Huangjian Sun, Qing Liao, Hongbing Fu","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic semiconductor single crystals (OSSCs) exhibit long-range intermolecular order and low defect density without grain boundaries, therefore leading to superior carrier transport than organic thin-films but often weak emission due to aggregation-caused quenching. Here, ultrathin 2D plate-like OSSCs of an anthracene derivative, 4,4′ – bis ((E) -2- (anthracene-2-yl) vinyl) −1,1′ – biphenyl (BPVAn) are designed and synthesized, which exhibit not only strong emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 56% but also balanced and high charge carrier mobility of <i>µ<sub>h</sub></i> = 5.6 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and <i>µ<sub>e</sub></i> = 1.3 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> for hole and electron transport, respectively. Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) based on BPVAn OSSCs exhibit strong and spatially controllable light emission within both P- and N- conducting channels, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 2.12% and a brightness of 1115 cd m<sup>−2</sup>. In addition, OSSC parallelogram plates serve as whispering gallery mode (WGM) micro-resonators and exhibit excellent laser characteristics, with a low threshold of 4.2 µJ cm<sup>−2</sup> and a high quality (Q) factor of ≈1870 at an emission peak of 503 nm. These results indicate that OSSCs with excellent carrier transport, electroluminescence, and laser properties offer significant potential for the further development of electrically injected organic semiconductor lasers and optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xingni Chai, Haidong Liang, Chengyuan Yang, Vinh Xuan Ho, Ee Jin Teo, Zeljko Pastuovic, Andrew Bettiol
{"title":"High Sensitivity Spin Defects in Carbon Implanted Diamond","authors":"Xingni Chai, Haidong Liang, Chengyuan Yang, Vinh Xuan Ho, Ee Jin Teo, Zeljko Pastuovic, Andrew Bettiol","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The TR12 color center in diamond is a self-interstitial spin defect capable of room-temperature atomic-scale vector magnetometry for detecting magnetic fields of arbitrary orientation and magnitude. Measurements using the TR12 center show that the sensing dynamic range can potentially outperform that of NV centers in diamond. The powerful quantum sensing capabilities of TR12 place it as a strong alternative candidate for quantum sensing in diamond, especially in extreme magnetic fields. However, its sensitivity in existing literature is relatively low in the µT/√Hz range. This work examines the spatial distributions of TR12 centers fabricated by high-energy carbon irradiation on an E-grade diamond along the ion irradiation cascade. A detailed study of photoluminescence intensity, optically detected magnetic resonance contrast, and linewidth is conducted. By varying locations along ion cascades of line irradiations with different fluences, the highest sensitivity of 1.2 nT/√Hz is achieved at three orders of magnitude higher than demonstrated in existing literatures. Coherent manipulation of triplet spin states in these ensembles is evident from Rabi oscillation measurements, with decoherence times of ≈0.47 µs at the surface and ≈ 0.42 µs at the end-of-range. These findings significantly enhance the potential of TR12 for quantum sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202500397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fu Deng, Fengjie Zhu, Xiaoyue Zhou, Yi Chan, Jingbo Wu, Caihong Zhang, Biaobing Jin, Jensen Li, Kebin Fan, Jingdi Zhang
{"title":"Frequency-Selective Terahertz Wave Amplification by a Time Boundary in Huygens' Metasurface","authors":"Fu Deng, Fengjie Zhu, Xiaoyue Zhou, Yi Chan, Jingbo Wu, Caihong Zhang, Biaobing Jin, Jensen Li, Kebin Fan, Jingdi Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adom.202402052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202402052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrafast manipulation of optical resonance can establish the time-boundary effect in time-variant media leading to a new degree of freedom for coherent control of electromagnetic waves. Here, it is demonstrated that a free-standing all-dielectric Huygens' metasurface of degenerate electric and magnetic resonances can prompt broadband near-unity transmission in its static state, whereas it enables wave amplification in the presence of time boundaries. The time boundary is realized by femtosecond laser excitations that transiently inject free carriers into the constituent meta-atoms for dynamic removal of a pre-established twofold degeneracy. It is showed that the transmittance in the photo-excited Huygens' metasurface can exceed unity, corresponding to the terahertz (THz) wave amplification at a record high amplification rate of up to 20% in intensity. Remarkably, the associated operating frequency can be tuned by fine control over the interval between the arrival of the time boundary and that of the seed THz pulse. By numerical simulations and analysis with time-dependent coupled mode theory, the wave amplification results are shown from the ultrafast Q-switching and shift in resonant frequencies. This work demonstrates a new approach to achieving tunable amplification in an optical microcavity by exploiting the concept of time-variant media and the unique electromagnetic properties of Huygens' metasurface.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202402052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Martin Knaut, Christian Wenger, André Heinzig, Thomas Mikolajick
{"title":"Demonstration of a Graphene Adjustable-Barriers Phototransistor with Tunable Ultra-High Responsivity","authors":"Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Martin Knaut, Christian Wenger, André Heinzig, Thomas Mikolajick","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of high-speed dual-band photodetectors with high responsivity is important for several applications such as optical communication, biomedical imaging or spectroscopy. In this work, a phototransistor with ultra-high responsivity is demonstrated, which potentially also allows for very high bandwidths. The device is called graphene adjustable-barriers phototransistor and is potentially capable for dual-band detection in the visible-infrared (VIS-IR) range. A material combination of intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon, graphene, and n-type germanium (n-Ge) is used for the demonstrator. The device operation is based on the light induced modulation of the graphene Fermi energy level and Schottky barrier heights. For the first time, the functional mechanism of the device is successfully demonstrated in the VIS range with responsivities exceeding 10<sup>7</sup> A/W at a gate voltage of 20V. The bandwidth of the device is 1.2 kHz and is so far limited by the defective gate material hydrogenated amorphous silicon and relaxed feature sizes of the demonstrator. These results are an important step toward a new generation of high-responsivity high-speed photo detection devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202500344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Zhang, Shuo Wang, Jumin Qiu, Muyi Yang, Tingting Liu, Shuyuan Xiao, Isabelle Staude, Thomas Pertsch, Yu Wang, Chengjun Zou
{"title":"Momentum-Space Tunable Metasurfaces for Switchable Image Processing","authors":"Kai Zhang, Shuo Wang, Jumin Qiu, Muyi Yang, Tingting Liu, Shuyuan Xiao, Isabelle Staude, Thomas Pertsch, Yu Wang, Chengjun Zou","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The exceptional ability of optical metasurfaces to manipulate light has enabled integrated analog computing and image processing in ultracompact, energy-efficient platforms that support high speeds. To date, metasurfaces have demonstrated various analog processing functions, including differentiation, convolution, and classification. However, a fundamental limitation of existing designs is their static functionality, which restricts adaptability to diverse application scenarios. To address this challenge, momentum-space reconfigurable metasurfaces operating in the near-infrared range are experimentally demonstrated, capable of switchable image processing functions including image differentiation and bright-field imaging. These meta-devices are achieved by integrating nematic liquid crystals with silicon metasurfaces that support resonances of quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs). The quasi-BIC modes enable further design freedom over the angular dispersion of metasurfaces. The results showcase an electrically tunable, CMOS-compatible approach to reconfigurable optical computing, offering significant potential for applications such as online training of diffractive neural networks, machine vision, and augmented reality.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulating Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Emission of Piperonylamine-Based Organic Inorganic Hybrids Via Metallic Halide","authors":"Zhaorui Hua, Wenming Sun, Yang Tian, Hongbing Fu","doi":"10.1002/adom.202500414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202500414","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zero-dimensional (0D) organic metal halides (OIMHs) with room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) properties have aroused great research enthusiasm due to their long lifetime of triplet excitons and environment stability. Despite extensive research on the RTP emission of OIMHs in different metal ions, there has been limited reporting on the excellent luminescent properties of triplet excitons originating from organic ligands via metallic halide modulation, although they have intriguing luminescent properties. Here, piperonylamine (piperA) is taken as organic cations and two new OIMHs are synthesized, (piperA)<sub>3</sub>ClSbCl<sub>5</sub> and (piperA)<sub>3</sub>ClInCl<sub>5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, with differently enhanced RTP emission compared with (piperA)Cl ligand. Structural and photophysical studies reveal that the increased RTP emission is due to the enhanced π–π stackings between the adjacent piperA ligands in (piperA)<sub>3</sub>ClSbCl<sub>5</sub> and (piperA)<sub>3</sub>ClInCl<sub>5</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that the diverse stacking arrangements of crystal structure result in distinct energy transfer pathways, potentially accounting for the varying degrees of enhancement in phosphorescent lifetime. This work developed a method for regulating the RTP of organic ligands in OIMH using metal ions to achieve long RTP emission, providing a new approach for designing ultra-long RTP emission materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"All-Optically Driven Optofluidic Light Modulator","authors":"Riccardo Zamboni, Margherita Altin, Giovanni Bragato, Liana Lucchetti, Cinzia Sada, Annamaria Zaltron","doi":"10.1002/adom.202403457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202403457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid crystals (LCs) are widely recognized for unique physical and optical properties and remarkable ability to modulate light beams. Traditional methods for actuating LCs by electric fields rely on the use of metallic electrodes, which face limitations in the spatial resolution of LCs actuation and their effective integration into optofluidic devices. In this work, an innovative approach is presented to realize a fully integrated optofluidic light modulator, capable of modifying the optical properties of a light beam propagating through an optical waveguide and coupled with a microfluidic channel. Specifically, the optoelectronic properties of lithium niobate (LN) are leveraged to control the orientation of LCs molecules confined in the microfluidic channel without the need for fixed metallic structures, but solely exploiting light-induced electric fields. It is demonstrated that the light-driven orientation of the LCs can efficiently modulate both the intensity and polarization of the light beam propagating through the waveguide, while the desired amplitude and time-constant of the output optical signal can be achieved by tuning the compositional properties of the LN substrate. The modulation of the guided beam is completely defined and controlled by a pump light source, assuring a high degree of reconfigurability and compatibility of the final optofluidic lab-on-a-chip system.</p>","PeriodicalId":116,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Optical Materials","volume":"13 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adom.202403457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}