Endocrine Connections最新文献

{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes in type 2 versus type 1 diabetes: systematic review with meta-analyses.","authors":"Mari Drabløs, Hilde Risstad, Patji Alnæs-Katjavivi, Elisabeth Qvigstad","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0066","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Increasing numbers of pregnancies are complicated by pregestational diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Some studies have reported similar or greater risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with T2DM relative to type 1 diabetes (T1DM). We aimed to compare the risk of four pregnancy complications: pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, macrosomia, and perinatal mortality, in pregnant women with T2DM vs T1DM in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review with meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic literature searches in Medline and Embase were performed. We included observational studies with original data of outcome occurrence in both women with pregestational T2DM and T1DM. Two researchers independently evaluated full-text studies for inclusion and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Finally, we performed four meta-analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 35 publications in total. Meta-analyses demonstrated that, compared to T1DM, T2DM was associated with a lower risk of pre-eclampsia (risk ratio (RR): 0.76; 95% CI: 0.68-0.85), preterm delivery (RR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.62-0.77), and macrosomia (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.60-0.94). Perinatal mortality was more likely in pregnancies with T2DM (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.06-1.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A summation of the research literature demonstrated that, compared to T1DM, women with T2DM had a lower risk of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and macrosomia, but a higher risk of perinatal mortality.</p><p><strong>Significance statement: </strong>Our review of pregnant women with diabetes suggests a higher risk of perinatal mortality for cases with maternal type 2 diabetes, even though the risks of pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, and macrosomia were higher in cases with type 1 diabetes. Hence, the prevention of the development of type 2 diabetes and focus on improved gestational and diabetic care could be beneficial for fetal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAT6 blockade ameliorates thyroid function in Graves' disease via downregulation of the sodium/iodide symporter.","authors":"Qian Yang, Qinnan Zhang, Fanfan Pan, Bingbing Zha","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0428","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is an important nuclear transcription factor. Previous studies demonstrated that blocking STAT6 can ameliorate thyroid function by reducing serum T3 and T4. Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a key protein that mediates active iodine uptake and plays an important role in regulating thyroid function. This study explored the interaction between STAT6 and NIS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immunohistochemical staining was performed for detecting the expression of NIS in different tissues. RT-PCR was performed for evaluating the mRNA level of NIS when Nthy-ori 3-1 cells were incubated with IL4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), or monoclonal thyroid-specific stimulatory autoantibody (TSAb) for 24 h. Quantitative RT-PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis were performed for detecting NIS expression after inhibiting STAT6 phosphorylation by AS1517499. Finally, we used luciferase reporter assays to explore the ability of STAT6 to regulate the promoter activity of the NIS-coding gene.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NIS was highly expressed in thyroid epithelial cells of EAGD mice or Graves' disease (GD) patients, and TSAb increased the expression of NIS. We show that a STAT6 phosphorylation inhibitor can attenuate the effect of TSAb on increasing NIS protein and mRNA levels. Finally, we confirm that transcription factor STAT6 can mediate NIS transcription and co-activator P100 protein can enhance STAT6-dependent transcriptional activation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In GD, TSAb induces STAT6 signaling to upregulate NIS expression, and STAT6 blockade ameliorates thyroid function via downregulation of the NIS. Our study furthers understanding of the effects of STAT6 on thyroid function and reveals new avenues for GD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone health in childhood cancer survivors, is there really a problem? Pitfalls of assessment, calculating risk, and suggested surveillance and management for osteonecrosis and low and very low bone mineral density.","authors":"Demi T C de Winter, Sebastian J C M M Neggers, Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink, Jenneke E van Atteveld","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0487","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood cancer survivors are at increased risk of developing (long-term) skeletal adverse effects, such as osteonecrosis, impaired bone mineral density, and fractures. This paper provides an overview of the current understanding of bone health in these survivors, examining whether it represents a significant concern. It focusses on the challenges of assessing and managing bone health in childhood cancer survivors, highlighting diagnostic pitfalls, methods for accurately identifying those at high risk, and suggested strategies for the surveillance and management of osteonecrosis and impaired bone mineral density. The need for improved surveillance strategies, particularly for high-risk survivors, alongside potential prevention and management options, including pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, is emphasised. Given the lack of consensus on optimal prevention and treatment strategies, the paper emphasises the need for further research to optimise care and improve long-term outcomes for childhood cancer survivors with bone health impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142497222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abnormal uptake related to the thyroid gland on somatostatin receptor-targeted PET imaging: reported prevalence and rate of thyroid malignancy and parathyroid adenomas.","authors":"Sannia Mia Svenningsen Sjöstedt, Christoffer Holst Hahn, Åse Krogh Rasmussen, Peter Sandor Oturai, Per Karkov Cramon","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0419","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Incidental uptake within or adjacent to the thyroid gland is occasionally observed on somatostatin receptor-targeted PET imaging in patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The reported prevalence and clinical relevance of such findings are not well established.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We reviewed PET scan reports for all patients undergoing [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT or [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-TATE PET/CT in our department from 2018 to 2022. Scans reporting incidental uptake within or adjacent to the thyroid gland were reviewed post hoc to extract semi-quantitative scores of tracer uptake for the incidental lesions. We further extracted data from electronic patient charts, including cytology and histology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3692 PET scans were performed on 1808 unique patients. Incidental abnormal thyroid uptake was reported in 42 of the 1808 patients, with thyroid malignancy identified in five of these 42 patients. Two patients had medullary thyroid cancers, two had neuroendocrine tumor metastases, and one had a renal clear cell carcinoma metastasis. Focal uptake in close relation to the thyroid gland, suggestive of parathyroid adenoma, was reported in another 13 of the 1808 patients, with biochemical hyperparathyroidism found in six of these 13 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients undergoing somatostatin receptor-targeted PET scans for evaluation of NENs, the prevalence of reported abnormal uptake within or adjacent to the thyroid gland was low. However, the rates of thyroid malignancy and parathyroid adenomas were substantial. Prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these incidental findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":"13 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The natural course of newborns with transient congenital hypothyroidism.","authors":"Tal Almagor, Shlomo Almashanu, Ghadir Elias-Assad, Osnat Admoni, Hanna Ludar, Shira London, Shoshana Rath, Alina German, Naama Shwartz, Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0316","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has increased worldwide over the last decades, mainly due to the lowering of screening thresholds, resulting in the increased identification of newborns with transient CH. Several studies have reported the prevalence and the predictive parameters of transient CH, but reports on the long-term outcome are rare. This study aimed to assess the long-term course of neonates with transient CH.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Neonates diagnosed with transient and permanent CH between the years 1998 and 2018 at the Pediatric Endocrine Institute of Ha'Emek Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Data were retrieved retrospectively from medical files.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76 newborns (45M, 59%) with transient CH and 53 (25M, 47%) with permanent CH were included in the study. The major causes of transient CH were prematurity (29%) and subclinical hypothyroidism (30%). During retrospective follow-ups of up to 23 years, reinitiation of levothyroxine therapy was not required, apart from four patients with underlying syndromic etiologies. Neurodevelopmental impairment occurred in 16% of children with transient CH compared with 29.4% in the permanent CH group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Transient CH is frequent among preterm infants but is generally limited to infancy. Subclinical hypothyroidism frequently presents as overt hypothyroidism at birth, but in most cases, the requirement for levothyroxine supplemental therapy is limited to the first years of life, suggesting that long-term follow-up of thyroid function tests may be unnecessary for non-syndromic children. The high rate of neurodevelopmental impairment in newborns with transient CH emphasizes the need for neurodevelopmental monitoring in these patients.</p><p><strong>Significance statement: </strong>A high rate of transient CH has been identified over the past decades following the lowering of TSH screening thresholds. The long-term outcome of transient CH has been evaluated in a few studies with inconclusive results. In the current study, we assessed the long-term outcomes of transient CH for up to 23 years. We found that 29% of cases were attributed to prematurity and 30% to subclinical hypothyroidism. No morphological anomalies were identified. Only syndromic patients (three with Down syndrome and one with Coffin-Lowry syndrome) required levothyroxine supplemental therapy at the time of the study, indicating that long-term thyroid function monitoring may be unnecessary. The high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairment suggests the need for close neurodevelopmental monitoring in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High expression of COL8A1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes EMT in papillary thyroid cancer.","authors":"Weiwei Liang, Junxin Chen, Hai Li, Pengyuan Zhang, Hongyu Guan, Yanbing Li","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0279","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collagen type VIII α 1 chain (COL8A1), a collagen type VIII protein, has been suggested to exert various functions in progression of multiple cancers. However, the effect of COL8A1 in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has not been elucidated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were applied to investigate the COL8A1 expression and its clinical significance in PTC. The COL8A1 expression level was further validated using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data and clinical paired PTC tissues. Additionally, the Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the prognosis. The cell's migrative and invasive abilities were evaluated by wound healing assay and Transwell assay. CCK8 assays were used to evaluate the proliferation of PTC cells. Western blotting was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms involved in the pro-tumor role of COL8A1. The correlation between immune cell infiltration and COL8A1 was analyzed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database and the single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that COL8A1 was upregulated in PTC (P < 0.05). High COL8A1 expression level was significantly associated with advanced T stage (P < 0.01), N stage (P < 0.001) and poor prognosis (P = 0.0142) in PTC. Furthermore, cell migration and invasion were significantly reduced following COL8A1 knockdown (P < 0.001). Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins (FN1, MMP9, MMP7, ZEB2 and Twist1) and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK were obviously down-regulated after COL8A1 knockdown (P < 0.01). Moreover, COL8A1 expression was correlated with immune cell infiltration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates that COL8A1 may function as an oncogene and a potential prognostic biomarker for PTC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of machine learning algorithm incorporating dietary intake in prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Tianze Ding, Peijie Liu, Jie Jia, Hui Wu, Jie Zhu, Kefeng Yang","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0169","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) significantly affects pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to develop prediction models since they can guide timely interventions to reduce the incidence of GDM and its associated adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 554 pregnant women were selected and their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical data and dietary data were collected. Dietary data were investigated by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We applied random forest mean decrease impurity for feature selection and the models are built using logistic regression, XGBoost, and LightGBM algorithms. The prediction performance of different models was compared by accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under curve (AUC) and Hosmer-Lemeshow test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood glucose, age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were the top five features according to the feature selection. Among the three algorithms, XGBoost performed best with an AUC of 0.788, LightGBM came second (AUC = 0.749), and logistic regression performed the worst (AUC = 0.712). In addition, XGBoost and LightGBM both achieved a fairly good performance when dietary information was included, surpassing their performance on the non-dietary dataset (0.788 vs 0.718 in XGBoost; 0.749 vs 0.726 in LightGBM).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms outperform logistic regression in predicting GDM among Chinese pregnant women. In addition, dietary data may have a positive effect on improving model performance, which deserves more in-depth investigation with larger sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confusion in the interpretation of prolactin levels caused by inappropriately low reference intervals.","authors":"Yanaika S Sabogal Piñeros, Martine M L Deckers, Prim de Bie, Annemieke C Heijboer, Jacquelien J Hillebrand","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0432","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Serum prolactin measurements are important in the differential diagnosis of pituitary masses and subfertility. We observed discrepancies in serum prolactin levels in several patients measured with different immunoassays. Despite differences in assay results, the reference intervals (RIs) derived by the manufacturers were similar. In this study, we aimed to investigate prolactin assay differences and to re-establish RIs for different prolactin immunoassays.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the assay comparison, serum samples were collected from men and women visiting the Amsterdam UMC hospital. Prolactin levels were measured using the AtellicaTM IM analyzer (Siemens Healthineers) and the Cobas (Roche Diagnostics) immunoassay. RIs for prolactin were re-established for men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women for both the Atellica and Cobas immunoassay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prolactin levels measured using the Cobas immunoassay were 1.75 times higher than those measured using the Atellica immunoassay. The re-established RIs for Atellica and Cobas confirmed these findings and were <0.32 U/L; <0.55 U/L for men; <0.64 U/L; <0.86 U/L for premenopausal women, and <0.31 U/L; <0.59 U/L for postmenopausal women, respectively, for Atellica and Cobas assays. The re-established RIs of the Atellica assay matched the current and manufacturer RIs, whereas those for Cobas differed substantially.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolactin levels are assay-dependent, and the re-established RIs are different for the Atellica and Cobas assays. We recommend that laboratory specialists and manufacturers periodically review prolactin assay RIs, as incorrect RIs can lead to misinterpretation of prolactin levels and unnecessary referrals and further laboratory testing, as we have experienced.</p><p><strong>Plain language summary: </strong>We showed that the results of different prolactin tests disagree by 75%, which hinders correct interpretation. Thus, we established test-specific prolactin normal values. By being aware of test differences and using test-specific normal values, one can ensure correct interpretation and prevent unnecessary referrals and concern.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TGFBR3 inhibits progression of papillary thyroid cancer by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT.","authors":"Hanrong Zhang, Junxin Chen, Xin Chen, Chuimian Zeng, Pengyuan Zhang, Jiewen Jin, Haipeng Xiao, Yanbing Li, Hongyu Guan, Hai Li","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0270","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transforming growth factor beta receptor III (TGFBR3) has been shown to play a tumor-suppressive role in a variety of cancers. However, its role in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>TGFBR3 expression levels in PTC were analyzed utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Edu, wound healing, and Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Transcriptome sequencing, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to detect the underlying mechanism of TGFBR3 in PTC progression.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>This study demonstrated that TGFBR3 expression was significantly down-regulated in PTC compared to normal thyroid tissues. Low expression of TGFBR3 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with PTC. Furthermore, TGFBR3 expression positively correlated with thyroid differentiation score. In investigating the biological impact of TGFBR3 overexpression in PTC cell lines, we found that the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PTC cells were significantly inhibited in response to TGFBR3 overexpression. Moreover, we also demonstrated that overexpression of TGFBR3 inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation processes. Lastly, TGFBR3 expression was found to be involved in tumor immune infiltration, highlighting its potential influence on immune dynamics within the tumor microenvironment in PTC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TGFBR3 plays a tumor-suppressive role in PTC progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial mesenchymal transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Findings from a public engagement programme for school children aged 13-15 years about endocrinology.","authors":"Shams Ali Baig, Kashish Malhotra, Mukunth Kowsik, Josh Banerjee, Fazna Rahman, Ashmethaa Ashokkumar, Caroline Gillett, Punith Kempegowda","doi":"10.1530/EC-24-0232","DOIUrl":"10.1530/EC-24-0232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the utility and effectiveness of a school outreach programme in areas of lower socioeconomic status to improve understanding of common endocrine topics and the medical profession.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two secondary school outreach sessions were conducted in July 2022. Students were invited to attend lectures delivered by medical professionals and engage in poster-making sessions using the knowledge they had gained throughout the day. Participants completed anonymised pre- and post-session surveys. Outcomes were identified using Kirkpatrick's training evaluation model. Self-reported perceptions and beliefs (Kirkpatrick's level 2a) were compared using chi-square tests. Thematic analysis of team-led poster presentations was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 254 participants included, the response rates of pre- and post-session questionnaires were 75.6% and 56.2%, respectively. The outreach day increased students' understanding of obesity and diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, and Health Technology. The most well-received activities from the outreach day were voted to be the poster challenge (43.4%) and poster presentation (14.7%). Following the session, there was a trend towards an increased understanding of medical careers and interest in pursuing a medical career, although these did not reach statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Outreach programmes could be a practical and effective approach to engaging prospective medical applicants from areas of lower socioeconomic status. Further studies are required to expand outreach programmes and investigate the efficacy of school engagement programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11634,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Connections","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11623025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}