Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"A Comprehensive Overview of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i> L.: Its Ethnobotanical Uses, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Uses, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicology.","authors":"Smail Amtaghri, Adil Qabouche, Miloudia Slaoui, Mohamed Eddouks","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230522113405","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230522113405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa-sinensis)</i> has been largely used in traditional medicine. This study aims to review the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of <i>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis</i> L and also summarize the pharmacological, photochemical, and toxicological characteristics of <i>H. rosa-sinensis</i>. The current review focuses on the distribution, chemical content, and main uses of <i>H. rosa-sinensis</i>. Various scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., were used. Correct plant names were verified from plantlist.org. The results were interpreted, analyzed, and documented based on bibliographic information. This plant has been frequently used in conventional medicine due to its high concentration of phytochemicals. All its parts contain numerous chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, saponins, cyclopeptide alkaloids, and vitamins. More interestingly, the roots of this plant contain glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, fixed oils, fats, flavonoids, saponins, gums, and mucilages. The leaves contain alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, fat, resin, and sterols. The stem contains other chemical compounds, such as ß-sitosterol, teraxeryl acetate, cyclic sterculic, and malvalic acids. Finally, the flowers contain riboflavin, thiamine, apigenidine, oxalic acid, citric acid, quercetin, niacin, pelargonidine, and ascorbic acid. This species has a wide variety of pharmacological applications, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antifertility, antifungal, anticancer, hair growth-promoting, antihyperlipidemic, reproductive, neurobehavioral, antidepressant, and antipyretic activities. Finally, toxicological studies have shown that higher doses of extracts from the plant are safe.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9505770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Presenting with Neck Pain and High Sedimentation Rate: Amyloid Goiter.","authors":"Puren Gokbulut, Gonul Koc, Sevdenur Firat, Pelin Oztekin, Pinar Celepli, Seher Kökceoglu, Cavit Culha","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230907093422","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230907093422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Amyloid goiter is a rare disease characterized by amyloid deposits that cause sudden growth in the thyroid gland.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>Here we present a case of a 26-year-old woman with euthyroid amyloid goiter who presented with subacute granulomatous thyroiditis clinic. Amyloid goiter was detected as a result of core biopsy from the thyroid parenchyma of the patient with sudden thyroid enlargement. Surgery was not applied to the patient who had no pressure symptoms or signs. In systemic amyloidosis secondary to Familial Mediterranean fever, heart and kidney involvement, as well as the thyroid gland, were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Amyloid accumulation should be considered in addition to anaplastic thyroid cancer and lymphoma in patients with sudden thyroid enlargement. It should not be overlooked that amyloid goiter may mimic subacute thyroiditis clinic. Systemic amyloidosis should be considered in patients with amyloid goiter, and an examination should be made to assess the presence of amyloid accumulations in other organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10199772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sublingual Colostrum Application on Oral and Intestinal Flora of Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.","authors":"Hua Wang, Qiu-Fang Li, Xin-Fen Xu, Xiao-Li Hu","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230913105820","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230913105820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of colostrum application on the establishment of normal flora in the intestinal tracts and oral cavities of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study design was adopted following the STROBE guidelines (Supplementary File 1). Colostrum was administered immediately after obtaining maternal breast milk using a special sterile cotton swab. There were no specific treatments for infants who did not receive colostrum. This experiment was completed on day 5 post-birth and the patients were divided into the colostrum and control groups, corresponding to whether or not colostrum was administered. Throat swabs and stool samples were collected on days 1 and 5 post-birth.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the conventional bacteria cultivation technique, the detection rate of bacteria in 98 cases of meconium at birth was 15.31%. On day 5, the detection rates of <i>Staphylococcus</i> in the colostrum and control groups were 36.54% and 34.78%, with no significant difference between them (P = 0.856), and that of <i>Enterococcus</i> was 26.92% and 13.04%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.089). Likewise, at birth, the detection rate of bacteria in 98 cases of throat swabs was 27.55%. On day 5, the detection rate of <i>Streptococcus</i> in the colostrum and control groups was 78.85% and 50.00%, respectively, recording a statistically significant difference this time (P = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Colostrum application had limited effects on intestinal flora colonization but contributes to physiological oral flora colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10245578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel TSH Receptor Gene Variant Associated with Non-Autoimmune Hyperthyrotropinemia: A Case Report.","authors":"Ilaria Piva, Simona Censi, Jacopo Manso, Susi Barollo, Loris Bertazza, Carla Scaroni, Caterina Mian, Mattia Barbot","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230824153915","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230824153915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Resistance to TSH is defined as reduced sensitivity to normal, biologicallyactive TSH, and abnormally high levels of TSH are needed to achieve normal levels of thyroid hormones.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 15-year-old female patient, having been treated since childhood with levothyroxine for hyperthyrotropinemia was referred to our institution complaining of tachycardia after the levothyroxine therapy had been increased. Thyroid ultrasound features were normal, and thyroid antibodies were negative. The therapy was gradually tapered in light of the symptoms, although subclinical hypothyroidism was evident at thyroid function tests. First-degree relatives were tested for thyroid function, and the father was also found to have a previously-unknown subclinical hypothyroidism. The patient underwent genetic testing for TSH receptor (TSHR) gene mutations, which revealed a gene variant hitherto not described: p.C598R (c.1792T>C). The father was also tested and was found to carry the same mutation, while other first-degree relatives were wild-type for the TSHR gene. An <i>in-silico</i> analysis was performed, which revealed a loss-of-function phenotype corresponding to the described variant, suggesting a novel loss-of-function TSH receptor gene mutation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this case report, we present a novel loss-of-function gene mutation in the TSH receptor gene associated with a TSH resistance phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10124102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Alternative Medicine Use, Costs, and Predictors of Medication Adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Palestine.","authors":"Rami Mosleh, Ala' U'wais, Anas Hamdan, Mustafa Ghanim, Yazun Jarrar","doi":"10.2174/1871530322666220523114806","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530322666220523114806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is considered the fourth leading cause of death in Palestine, with a prevalence of 9.1% in patients aged 20-79 years, and has increased to 20.6% in 2020.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to estimate DM costs, compare DM total health care cost among patient characteristics and DM management (e.g. anti-diabetic medications and alternative medicine), as well as assess MA and its predictors including patient characteristics, DM management, alternative medicine use, and DM costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted for the past one year among 479 diabetic patients, selected by convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods via electronic post of an online questionnaire, including a web link to the questionnaire page in a Google Form <i>via</i> email or public social media pages and applications. Data on patients' socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, medication profile, use of medicinal plants as alternative medicine, costs, and Medication Adherence (MA) were collected. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v. 25) was used to perform a descriptive, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, univariate analysis, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal- Wallis test, multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, and multiple logistic regression analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half of the participants were male and living in villages (50.7%, 59.1%, respectively). Approximately 51.4% received Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs (OHDs) and only 16.1% received insulin. The participants receiving ≤3 medications daily acquired the highest percentage (55.7%), and less than half received medicinal plants as an alternative medicine for the management of DM. The estimated total DM health care cost per year incurred by patients and family members was Israeli Shekel 988,276 (US Dollar 307,590). More than half of the participants were considered adherent with the Eight-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) score ≥6. It is noteworthy that the use of alternative medicine was significantly associated with total health care cost and MA. Furthermore, DM duration was significantly associated with MA. These results are worth taking into consideration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study reflects the need for strengthening the patient-health care professionals' relationship, and to enhance the role of preventive education, and the importance of awareness about MA, DSCMBs, and the use of alternative medicine based on evidence-based strategies to improve MA, glycemic control, meanwhile reducing the costs incurred by patients and family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84300004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of the Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: The Immune System Keeps Playing at the Backstage.","authors":"Carlo Caiati, Emilio Jirillo","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230911141418","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230911141418","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10554807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mentha Pulegium</i>: A Plant with Several Medicinal Properties.","authors":"Smail Amtaghri, Miloudia Slaoui, Mohamed Eddouks","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230914103731","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230914103731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The species <i>Mentha Pulegium</i> L. (<i>M. pulegium</i> L.) belongs to the family Lamiaceae, native to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East, and the genus <i>Mentha</i>. It has been traditionally used in food, cosmetics, and medicines. It is a perennial, fragrant, well-liked, herbaceous plant that can grow up to half a meter tall. It is extensively used as a food flavoring, particularly for Moroccan traditional drinks. Chewing mint and <i>M. pulegium</i>, a relaxing and refreshing plant, can be used to treat hiccups and act as an anticonvulsant and nerve relaxant. Pennyroyal leaves that have been crushed have a pungent, spearmint-like scent. Pennyroyal is used to make herbal teas, which, while not proven to be harmful to healthy adults in small doses, are not recommended due to their liver toxicity. Infants and children can die if they consume it. Pennyroyal leaves, both fresh and dried, are particularly effective at repelling insects. Pennyroyal essential oil should never be taken internally because it is highly toxic, even in small doses, it can be fatal. This plant is used in traditional Moroccan medicine to treat a wide range of conditions, including influenza, rheumatism, migraine, infertility, ulcer, pain, gastrointestinal problems, fever, diabetes, obesity, mental and cardiac disorders, constipation, respiratory ailments, and cough. <i>M. pulegium</i> is a great candidate for contemporary therapeutic usage since it contains a wide variety of biologically active compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins in all its parts. Among the different parts used are the whole plant, the aerial part, the stem, and the leaves. More interestingly, the entire plant contains a variety of compounds including Pulegone, Isomenthone, Carvone, Menthofuran, Menthol, 1,8-Cineole, Piperitone, Piperitenone, Neomenthol, -humulene, and 3-octanol. Eriocitrin, Hesperidin, Narirutin, Luteolin, Isorhoifolin, Galic acid, and Rosmarinic acid are found in the leaves. p-hydroxybenzoic acid, Ferulic acid, Caffeic acid, Vanillic acid, Syringic acid, Protocatechuic acid, Cinnamic acid, Phloretic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, Catechin, Epicatechin, Chrysin, Quercetin, Naringenin, Carvacrol are all found in the areal part. Alterporriol G, Atropisomer, Alterporriol H, Altersolanol K, Altersolanol L, Stemphypyrone, 6-O-methylalaternin, Macrosporin, Altersolanol A, Alterporriol E, Alterporriol D, Alterporriol A, Alterporriol B, and Altersolanol J are also found in the stem of fungus. Pulegone, Piperitone, p-Menthane-1,2,3- triol, β-elemenene, guanine (cis-), Carvacrol acetate, and Phenyl ethyl alcohol are all components of this plant's essential oils. Moreover, the study also sought to investigate and document all currently available evidence and information on the nutritional composition and therapeutic uses of this plant ornamental. Its pharmacological applications include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10241754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination Therapy: A New Tool for the Management of Obesity.","authors":"Pranav Kumar Prabhakar","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230825140808","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230825140808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a chronic lifestyle issue with devastating results. Behavioral changes are one of the initial lines of management strategies for obesity, but they are not very efficient management strategies. Many people also use surgical intervention to maintain a healthy weight, now considered to be the most common and effective obesity management. Chemically synthesized medicines fill the gap between lifestyle interventions and minimally invasive surgical management of obesity. The most common issue associated with monotherapy without side effects is its moderate effectiveness and higher dose requirement. Combination therapy is already used for many serious and complicated disease treatments and management and has shown efficacy as well. Generally, we use two or more medicines with different mechanisms of action for a better effect. The commonly used combination therapy for obesity management includes low-dose phentermine and prolonged and slow-releasing mechanism topiramate; naltrexone, and bupropion. Phentermine with inhibitors of Na-glucose cotransporter-2 or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists with gastric hormone or Na-glucose cotransporter-2 are two more viable combo therapy. This combination strategy aims to achieve success in bariatric surgery and the scientific community is working in this direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10111445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Specificity Protein 1 assists the Progression of the Papillary Thyroid Cell Line by Initiating <i>NECTIN4</i>.","authors":"Jie Chen, Adheesh Bhandari, Suzita Hirachan, Shihui Lv, Sumnima Mainali, Chen Zheng, Rutian Hao","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230413134611","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230413134611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the subtypes of thyroid cancer with increasing incidence worldwide, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is one of the subtypes of thyroid cancer with increasing incidence worldwide, but the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Studies have indicated that nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) was an oncogene and played an important role in the development and progression of PTC. Meanwhile, specificity protein 1 (SP1) expresses many important oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, the relationship between NECTIN4 and SP1 in regulating PTC growth is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, reverse transcription PCR was utilized to detect the mRNA expression of NECTIN4 and SP1 in thyroid cancer cell lines and normal thyroid cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays and luciferase reporter assays were used to study whether SP1 could bind to the promoter region of NECTIN4 and activate its transcription. The biological functions of SP1 correlated with NECTIN4 were also performed in TPC-1 and KTC1 cell lines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study revealed that the mRNA expression level of SP1 and NECTIN-4 showed a positive correlation and were upregulated in PTC cell lines. Moreover, the results of ChIP and luciferase reporter assays showed that SP1 could bind to the NECTIN4 promoter regions and activate the transcriptional level of NECTIN4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experiments in vitro showed that SP1 could promote cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion by regulating NECTIN4 in PTC cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that SP1 could control the transcriptional regulation of NECTIN4 and accelerate the growth of PTC, which may provide a new potential therapeutic target for PTC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9293643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-38 and Insulin Resistance.","authors":"Kamil Klejbuk, Marek Strączkowski","doi":"10.2174/1871530323666230911114150","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1871530323666230911114150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insulin resistance, i.e., decreased biological response to insulin, is a risk factor for many diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, some forms of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. One of its main causes is chronic low-grade inflammation, mediated by the proinflammatory pathways, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathway. Interleukin (IL)-38 (IL-38) is a newly discovered cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 family. There are three hypothetical pathways through which IL-38 may bind to the specific receptors and inhibit their proinflammatory activity. Those pathways are associated with IL-36 receptor (IL-36R), IL-1 receptor accessory protein-like 1 (IL1RAPL1) and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL1R1). There are studies linking IL-38 to improve insulin sensitivity through the difference in serum IL-38 in patients with insulin resistance or the correlation of IL-38 concentrations with insulin resistance indexes. However, many questions still remain regarding the biological activity of IL-38 itself and its role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The goal of this study is to showcase IL-38, its biological activity, hypothesized signaling pathways, connection with insulin resistance and future perspectives of research on IL-38. We present that IL-38 associated signaling can be a potential target for the treatment of insulin resistance and associated diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":11614,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10590721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}