Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica最新文献

{"title":"Recuperación del patrón de incremento de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) después de la pandemia de COVID-19: el caso de la gonococia en Cataluña, España","authors":"Evelin López-Corbeto ,&nbsp;Julia Valera Paloma ,&nbsp;Marcos Montoro Fernández ,&nbsp;Rossie Lugo Colón ,&nbsp;Laura Clotet Romero ,&nbsp;Víctor Guadalupe Fernandez ,&nbsp;Pilar Ciruela Navas ,&nbsp;Jordi Casabona Barbara ,&nbsp;en nombre del Grupo de ITS de la comisión de vigilancia epidemiológica de Cataluña","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Sexually transmitted infections (STI) have shown a sustained increase in recent years. Changes in epidemiological patterns highlight the need to adapt public health strategies for their prevention and control. The objective of this study is to describe the trend of reported gonorrhea cases in Catalonia (Spain) from 2017 to 2023 and to compare the epidemiological pattern of reported cases before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive analysis of reported gonorrhea cases in Catalonia among individuals aged ≥<!--> <!-->14<!--> <!-->years between 2017 and 2023. Incidence rates (IR) were calculated overall and by sex, age, and origin. A descriptive analysis was conducted to compare reported cases across the pre-pandemic (2017-2019), pandemic (2020), and post-pandemic (2021-2023) periods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The IR of gonorrhea showed an average increase of 32.9% between 2017-2019 and 37.9% between 2021-2023, reaching 164.0 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2023. During the pandemic, there was an increase in the proportion of cases among MSM (13.3%), alcohol use (40.0%), having ≥<!--> <!-->6 sexual partners (30.5%), and new sexual partners (74.3%). In the post-pandemic period, the highest percentage increase was observed in women (115.7%), Spanish nationals (124.9%), cases reported in sexual and reproductive health units (30.9%), symptomatic cases (58.0%), and reinfections (33.0%). Additionally, there was a decrease in the average age, particularly among women, in contact tracing studies (13.1%), and in antibiotic resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Gonorrhea continues to rise, especially among young people and women. Strengthening its visibility and prioritizing it in STI prevention and control programs is crucial to mitigate its impact on public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 345-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of supplementation with different doses of calcifediol in HIV patients with vitamin D deficiency","authors":"Victoria Callejo ,&nbsp;Cristina Tomás ,&nbsp;Ángeles Muñoz ,&nbsp;Carlos Báguena ,&nbsp;Antonia Alcaraz ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Martínez-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Salvador Valero ,&nbsp;Eva García Villalba ,&nbsp;Eva Oliver ,&nbsp;María Dolores Hernández ,&nbsp;María Isabel Martinez ,&nbsp;Joaquin Bravo ,&nbsp;Mónica Martínez ,&nbsp;María Rosario Vicente ,&nbsp;Natalia Sancho ,&nbsp;Enrique Bernal","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People with HIV (PWH) often exhibit vitamin D deficiency, with ambiguous treatment guidelines. This study evaluates the effectiveness of three vitamin D3 calcifediol supplementation regimens over 48 weeks, aiming to identify patients whose serum levels do not increase above 20<!--> <!-->ng/mL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective observational study, 112 HIV-positive outpatients with 25OHD levels below 20<!--> <!-->ng/mL were assigned to one of three supplementation groups. Group 1 received 16,000<!--> <!-->IU weekly for 12 weeks, then biweekly; Group 2 received 180,000<!--> <!-->IU every 12 weeks; Group 3 received 180,000<!--> <!-->IU every 4 weeks for the first 12 weeks, then every 12 weeks. The groups were compared using ANOVA and Chi-squared tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average participant age was 51.59 years, with 71.4% being male, all on antiretroviral therapy for an average of 9.5 years. By week 48, Group 1 showed the lowest percentage of patients with levels below 20<!--> <!-->ng/mL (10.2%), significantly outperforming Group 2 (44%) and Group 3 (31.6%). Vitamin D levels significantly increased in Groups 1 and 3, with no significant change in calcium, phosphorus and bone density between groups. The CD4:CD8 ratio increased significantly in all groups. No side effects were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The regimen of 16,000<!--> <!-->IU calcifediol weekly for 12 weeks followed by biweekly dosing is both safe and effective for PWH, significantly increasing vitamin D levels and improving the CD4:CD8 ratio without adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 353-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cystic fibrosis microbiology research in Spain","authors":"Antonio Oliver","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 307-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unusual finding eight years after a heart transplant procedure","authors":"Jose Tiago Silva ,&nbsp;Violeta Sánchez ,&nbsp;Ana Pérez de Ayala ,&nbsp;Francisco López-Medrano","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 367-368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronchopulmonary colonization patterns in Spanish people with cystic fibrosis: Results of a national multicentre study","authors":"Ainhize Maruri-Aransolo ,&nbsp;Esther Quintana ,&nbsp;Malkoa Michelena-González ,&nbsp;María Dolores Pastor-Vivero ,&nbsp;Antonio Álvarez ,&nbsp;Rosa Girón ,&nbsp;Teresa Alarcón ,&nbsp;Carmen Luna-Paredes ,&nbsp;Luis Máiz ,&nbsp;Saioa Vicente ,&nbsp;Marta Ruiz de Valbuena ,&nbsp;María Concepción Prados ,&nbsp;Silvia Castillo-Corullón ,&nbsp;María José Selma ,&nbsp;Amparo Solé ,&nbsp;Maria Cols-Roig ,&nbsp;Pedro Mondéjar-López ,&nbsp;Estela Pérez Ruiz ,&nbsp;Casilda Olveira ,&nbsp;Pilar Caro Aguilera ,&nbsp;Rafael Cantón","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We investigate bronchopulmonary colonization patterns in Spanish people with CF (pwCF), gathering clinical, demographic, and microbiological data to supplement nine years of registry information, comparing 2021 findings with a similar multicenter study conducted in 2013.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen CF units from 14 hospitals across Spain participated, each randomly recruiting around 20 patients. Patients provided sputum samples for culture. The clinical, demographical, microbiological, and treatment data from the previous year were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 326 patients (48.5% females) were recruited: 185 adult and 141 pediatrics, with a median age [<em>q</em>3–<em>q</em>1] of 30 [38–24] and 12 [16–6] years, respectively. p.Phe508del mutation was present in 30.6% and 46.4% of patients with homozygosis or heterozygosis, respectively. Median FEV₁ (%) was significantly lower in adults (62%, range 75–43%) compared with pediatrics (90%, range 104–81%) (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Pancreatic insufficiency was observed in 77.3%, carbohydrate metabolism alteration in 27.3%, and CF-related diabetes in 19.6% of patients. Lower prevalence of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> colonization were noted compared to 2013, along with a significantly lower correlation in lung function among pwCF colonized by <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.001). Half of pwCF (51%) exhibited a single pathogen in culture, two in 30%, and three or more in 2.4%. Co-colonization of <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. aureus</em> (36.1%) was the most prevalent combination. High resistance rates were observed in <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and methicillin resistant <em>S. aureus</em> isolates.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>We provide a valuable and representative current insight into the observed evolution in the clinical, demographic, and microbiological aspects in recent years among pwCF in Spain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respuesta a «¿Cómo funciona la PrEP en la vida real?»","authors":"Nuria Fernández Piñeiro ,&nbsp;Oskar Ayerdi Aguirrebengoa ,&nbsp;Eva Orviz García ,&nbsp;Cristina González Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 369-370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis according to the implementation of pneumococcal vaccination in a Spanish population","authors":"Ángela Manzanares ,&nbsp;David Aguilera-Alonso ,&nbsp;María Escobar ,&nbsp;Sara Vigil-Vázquez ,&nbsp;Emilia Cercenado ,&nbsp;Jesús Saavedra-Lozano ,&nbsp;on behalf of Mastoiditis-Gregorio Marañón Working Group","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Our aim was to describe the epidemiology of acute mastoiditis (AM) in a pediatric population according to the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective, observational study including children diagnosed with AM between January 2000 and December 2019 at a tertiary hospital in Madrid (Spain). The study was grouped into four 5-year periods (2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2019). The percentage change in the incidence rate was estimated to characterize trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two hundred nineteen episodes from 209 patients were included. The incidence rate of AM remained stable during the study period, with an average of 2.2 cases/10,000 emergency department visits/year. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>. <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> was the main microorganism isolated in the last study period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence of AM remained stable, although the prevalence of <em>S. pneumoniae</em> decreased in the post-PCV era, being <em>S. pyogenes</em> the main microorganism isolated after the implementation of PCV13.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 361-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors for and trends in faecal colonisation by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) in the community in Spain: A cross-sectional study and meta-analysis","authors":"Gerard Munté Muñiz ,&nbsp;Inmaculada Lopez Montesinos ,&nbsp;Eduardo Padilla León ,&nbsp;Aida Esperanza Ramírez Marinero ,&nbsp;Milagro Montero ,&nbsp;Luisa Sorli ,&nbsp;Xavier Duran Jorda ,&nbsp;Juan P. Horcajada","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) faecal carriage among healthy volunteers from Barcelona, and to estimate the pooled prevalence in the community in Spain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>University students were asked to complete a questionnaire and provide a rectal swab, which was tested for ESBL-producing, ciprofloxacin- and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole-resistant Enterobacterales. Risk factors for carriage of antimicrobial resistance were identified by multivariate logistic regression. To place these results in the appropriate context, a systematic literature search was conducted to retrieve articles containing data on the prevalence of ESBL-PE faecal carriage in the community in Spain. To obtain the pooled prevalence, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred and thirty-five of 214 participants were included in the analysis. Faecal carriage of <em>Escherichia coli</em>/<em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (E/K) resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested was found in 32 participants (23.7%). Fourteen subjects carried ESBL-E/K (10.4%), with the CTX-M type being the most prevalent (85.7%). Risk factors for ESBL carriage were travel to a high-risk region in the past 3 years (OR 5.66; 95% CI 1.07–29.9) and living in a crowded city district (OR 6.91; 95% CI 1.22–39.08). Thirteen articles covering 21,760 individuals from Spain were included in the meta-analysis, giving a pooled prevalence rate for ESBL-PE carriage in the community of 5.8% (95% CI 4.1–7.8%), and a steady increase per year.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The faecal colonisation prevalence by ESBL-PE among healthy individuals in Spain is high. It is associated with international travel and living in crowded city districts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 323-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"¿Cómo funciona la PrEP en la vida real?","authors":"Javier Velasco Montes ,&nbsp;María Victoria Pardo Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Carlos Hernando Martín ,&nbsp;Silvia González Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Page 369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factores asociados a la vacunación frente a mpox en personas en profilaxis preexposición frente al VIH en la Comunidad de Madrid","authors":"M. Angeles Gutiérrez Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Cristina Rodríguez Luque ,&nbsp;Amaya Sánchez Gómez ,&nbsp;M. Dolores Lasheras Carbajo ,&nbsp;Soledad Cañellas Llabrés ,&nbsp;Beatriz Lopez Centeno ,&nbsp;Diego Morales Irala ,&nbsp;María C. Vázquez Torres ,&nbsp;Marta Molina Olivas","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In May 2022, a mpox outbreak was identified in Europe. The majority of those affected are young men with risky sexual relations. In Spain, to control the outbreak, vaccination is recommended, among others, for people on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The objective of the study is to determine the factors associated with vaccination against mpox in people included in PrEP in the Community of Madrid.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Descriptive study. The sources of information used are: the PrEP registry, health card, the vaccine registry and the primary care clinical history. The 2011 deprivation index of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology is used as a socioeconomic indicator. Factors related to vaccination against mpox are analyzed and a conditional logistic regression model is fitted.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 6690 people were registered for PrEP. The average age was 37.7 years, 98.8% were men and 25.1% were foreigners. A percentage of 39.9 had received vaccination against mpox, 47.6% against hepatitis A, 32.8% against hepatitis B, 53.3% against COVID-19 and 24.3% against influenza. The variables associated with mpox vaccination were age, country of birth, influenza vaccination, hepatitis A vaccination, COVID-19 vaccination, and deprivation index.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Men who had sex with men, young adults, born in Spain, with a history of vaccination against influenza, hepatitis A and COVID-19 have a greater probability of vaccination against mpox. The proportion of vaccinated subjects decreases as the deprivation index increases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"43 6","pages":"Pages 317-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}