Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica最新文献

{"title":"Cribado oportunista y diagnóstico precoz de la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en mujeres sexualmente activas de un área rural del País Vasco","authors":"Amaia Cuñado,&nbsp;Iratxe Ocerin,&nbsp;Josune Mendiola,&nbsp;Maitane Arrastia,&nbsp;Luis Piñeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The incidence of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (CT) infection has increased in recent years, especially in young women, and can have significant consequences for their sexual and reproductive health.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Between February/2017-June/2017, screening for CT infection was offered to women aged 18–35 years who attended the Midwife/Gynecology clinic at Mendaro Hospital (Gipuzkoa), and it was extended between September/2017-February/2021 in those aged 18-25. After providing consent, a clinical-epidemiological survey was completed and a genital sample was obtained. CT was detected using a commercial PCR technique.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 558 women were studied: 412 aged 18–25 years and 146 aged 26–35 years. The prevalence of infection was 7.3% (95%<span>C</span>I 5.4–9.9%), 9.0% in those aged<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->25 years and 2.7% in those older than 25 (p<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.013). The prevalence was higher in symptomatic women, with more sexual partners, and inconsistent condom use.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The high prevalence of CT infection in women aged<!--> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->25 years indicates the need to implement screening strategies to prevent the consequences of infection and its transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 8","pages":"Article 503063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149159352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five years-real-world experience with FilmArray Pneumonia Plus Panel in the diagnosis of pneumonia in an intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital: Lights and shadows in pandemic and postpandemic COVID periods","authors":"Juan M. García-Lechuz,&nbsp;Antonina Arias,&nbsp;Pilar Alonso,&nbsp;David Badenas-Alzugaray,&nbsp;Victor Viñeta,&nbsp;Luis Claraco,&nbsp;Marta Gurpegui,&nbsp;Andrés Carrillo,&nbsp;Jesús Viñuelas","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The main objective of the study is to evaluate the performance of the <em>FilmArray</em>® <em>Pneumonia Plus</em> (<em>FA-PP</em>) panel in critically ill patients with suspected pneumonia compared to conventional culture, in both pandemic and pospandemic periods, and its impact on therapeutic decision-making.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational study including 225 patients (314 samples) during COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic periods. FA-PP and culture results were compared assessing sensitivity (Se), specificity, predictive values, level of concordance between them and the impact on antibiotic prescription.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FA-PP detected 133% more bacterial targets than culture and 48% more positive samples. Excluding off-panel bacteria, the panel showed high sensitivity of up to 100% in patients with pneumonia and a negative predictive value (NPV) of over 98%. In the post-pandemic period, the overall Se (78.6%) and Se in patients with pneumonia (81%), as well as the overall NPV and in pneumonia (94%), were higher than in the pandemic period, with significant differences (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). Twenty-six per cent of pneumonia episodes involved bacteria not included in the panel. The positive concordance between the two tests was 72%. In 56% of cases with pneumonia, antibiotic was modified after the results. During the pandemic period, the panel served to modify treatment towards initiation or escalation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The FA-PP is a valuable tool for optimizing the diagnosis and management of pneumonia in the ICU, with a clinical impact on the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment. There were differences in the impact of the panel between the pandemic and post-pandemic periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 7","pages":"Article 503107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148656786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and prognostic implications of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in adult patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis","authors":"Marta Albanell-Fernández ,&nbsp;Andrea Vergara ,&nbsp;Sabina Herrera ,&nbsp;Montse Tuset ,&nbsp;Álex Soriano ,&nbsp;Marta Bodro","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The clinical relevance and prognostic value of serum (1,3)-beta-D-glucan (BDG) in patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC) remains poorly characterized.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective single-center study (2020–2025) in adult patients with IAC who had a BDG measurement (Fujifilm Wako β-glucan test) within ±3 days of a positive culture. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected. Outcomes included end-of-treatment and 30-day mortality, and recurrence. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA, and BDG results stratified patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 18 IAC patients, BDG showed a sensitivity of 66.6% (95%CI: 41–86.7%). Negative BDG results were associated with a higher prevalence of <em>Nakaseomyces glabratus</em> (57.1% vs. 33.3%), lower end-of-treatment mortality (0% vs. 50%, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.05), and shorter ICU stays (median 14.5 vs. 29.5 days, <em>P</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.01) compared with BDG-positive patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The BDG shows limited sensitivity in IAC. Negative BDG may indicate lower fungal burden and better outcomes. Despite its limitations, BDG may represent a valuable prognostic marker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 6","pages":"Article 503073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148230628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis Infection: SEPAR/SEIMC/Spanish Ministry of Health Consensus Statement","authors":"José Antonio Caminero ,&nbsp;Luís Anibarro ,&nbsp;Eva Tabernero ,&nbsp;Fernando Alcaide ,&nbsp;Guillermo Pérez-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Joan-Pau Millet ,&nbsp;Remedio Guna ,&nbsp;Maria-Luiza de Souza-Galvão ,&nbsp;Paula López-Roa ,&nbsp;Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá ,&nbsp;José A. Gullón-Blanco ,&nbsp;Verónica González-Galán","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>All strategies on the pathway to tuberculosis (TB) elimination prioritise, among other measures, addressing tuberculosis infection (TBI), particularly the identification of individuals and population groups who should be candidates for tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT).</div><div>In Spain, a TBI test is required before recommending TPT. An interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is preferred over the tuberculin skin test (TST), although the latter may be used in settings where IGRAs are not available or when deemed necessary to increase diagnostic sensitivity. On the other hand, new skin tests employing specific antigens (TBST) may play a key role.</div><div>As a general principle, screening for TBI should include all individuals at high risk for progressing from TBI to TB, as described in this guideline, prioritising pulmonary TB contacts, people living with HIV, immunocompromised individuals and those in other situations associated with an elevated risk of developing TB.</div><div>Once TBI has been diagnosed in these high-risk groups, the algorithm set out in this guideline should be applied to rule out TB disease. Once TB has been excluded, TPT should be recommended. The preferred regimen is daily isoniazid (H) plus rifampicin (R) for 3 months (3HR). However, once rifapentine becomes available in Spain, both the 1-month daily (1HP) and the 3-month weekly (3HP) regimens combining H and rifapentine (P) may also be used. Finally, measures must be taken to ensure adherence to TPT and to monitor and manage potential drug-related adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 6","pages":"Article 503037"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148230627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for drug-induced liver injury in people with HIV on anti-tuberculosis treatment","authors":"Pedro Martínez-Ayala ,&nbsp;Moises Salgado-de la Mora ,&nbsp;José Antonio Velarde-Ruiz Velasco ,&nbsp;Luz Alicia González-Hernández ,&nbsp;Fernando Amador-Lara ,&nbsp;Guillermo Adrián Alanis-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Aldana-Ledesma ,&nbsp;Christian Gerardo Alfaro-Rivera ,&nbsp;Sergio Zúñiga-Quiñonez ,&nbsp;Vida Verónica Ruiz-Herrera ,&nbsp;Paulina Alejandra Sánchez-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Jaime Federico Andrade-Villanueva","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objectives</h3><div>Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a well-recognized adverse drug reaction associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT), with higher prevalence in people living with HIV (PLWH) concurrently receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The incidence of DILI varies widely, ranging from 5% to 33% in patients taking ATT, and from 9% to 30% in those on both ATT and ART, depending on the treatment regimen. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the development of DILI in PLWH.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective case–control study involving 121 patients from August 2015 to December 2023. The study population was PLWH co-infected with tuberculosis (TB) receiving guidelines-based ATT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty cases with DILI and 71 controls without liver injury were identified. Moderate DILI was observed in 14 patients (27%), and severe DILI in 37 patients (73%). DILI was diagnosed after a median interval of 32.6 days (IQR: 8–47.2), with 56% diagnosed within 30 days and 86% within 60 days of ATT initiation. Baseline BMI, CD4 T cell levels, ALT, and concomitant use of ART were associated with DILI. Furthermore, DILI was associated with increased 3-month all-cause mortality (OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.66–24.7).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A low BMI, high baseline ALT, concomitant ART, and low CD4 T cell levels at the time of TB diagnosis were associated with higher odds of DILI in PLWH. Targeted interventions on these risk factors may help reduce DILI incidence in PLWH and improve clinical outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 5","pages":"Article 503041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatotoxicity in HIV–tuberculosis coinfection: From a known risk to a preventable complication","authors":"Jose M. García de Lomas ,&nbsp;Javier de la Torre-Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 5","pages":"Article 503134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enfermedad por arañazo de gato sistémica en adulto inmunocompetente. Otra gran simuladora","authors":"Rubén Belmonte Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;Angie Gómez Uranga ,&nbsp;Gema Verdú Pastor ,&nbsp;Vicente Giner Galvañ","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 5","pages":"Article 503114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147798343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis de una estrategia de toma de hemocultivos basada en venopunción única","authors":"Adelina Gimeno Gascón ,&nbsp;José Molina Gil-Bermejo ,&nbsp;Francisco Trigo Sorroche ,&nbsp;M. Carmen Navarro Navarro ,&nbsp;Manuela Aguilar Guisado ,&nbsp;Germán Peñalva Moreno ,&nbsp;Ana Belén Guisado Gil ,&nbsp;Claudio Bueno Mariscal ,&nbsp;José Miguel Cisneros Herreros ,&nbsp;José Antonio Lepe Jimenez","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2026.503105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Blood volume is the main determinant of blood culture diagnostic yield. Although guidelines recommend obtaining at least two complete sets, the traditional multiple extraction (ME) strategy requires two venipunctures, whereas the single extraction (SE) strategy uses one venipuncture to inoculate all four bottles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of SE on the diagnostic performance of blood cultures in a high-demand emergency department.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A quasi-experimental observational study with a before-after design was conducted. The SE protocol was implemented in March 2023. Three periods were analyzed: pre-intervention (2022, ME), post-intervention (April 2023–March 2024, SE), and follow-up (June 2024–May 2025, SE). Blood cultures were processed using BD BACTEC™ FX, and data were retrieved from BD EpiCenter™ and the laboratory information system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 4,614 blood cultures from 3,206 patients were analyzed in the pre-intervention period and 4,974 cultures from 3,756 patients in the post-intervention period. After SE implementation, solitary cultures decreased significantly (85.9% to 7.2%) and contamination rates dropped (6.5% to 3.5%) (p &lt;<!--> <!-->0.05). True bacteremias increased slightly (16.2% to 17.4%) without statistical significance. Improvements were sustained in the follow-up period, with contamination rates reaching 2.5% and falling for the first time below the 3% quality threshold.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The SE strategy improves blood culture quality by significantly reducing solitary and contaminated samples without compromising the detection of true bacteremias. Its implementation may optimize diagnostic performance and promote more rational use of resources in high-pressure emergency settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 4","pages":"Article 503105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las infecciones por virus Mayaro y Oropouche: implicaciones para la práctica clínica y la salud pública","authors":"Jaime R. Torres ,&nbsp;Wilmer Villamil Gómez ,&nbsp;Octavio Arce García ,&nbsp;Francisco Javier Membrillo de Novales","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Oropouche virus (OROV) cause emerging infections in Latin America. They represent an increasing public health threat in this and other regions due to their geographic spread, rising case numbers, and the identification of complications and fatal cases. This review, developed by specialists from Latin America and Spain, addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of both infections, aiming to provide valuable information for the diagnosis and management of these diseases based on updated scientific evidence. The diagnostic challenges are emphasized, particularly the clinical overlap with other arboviral infections, the lack of commercial diagnostic tools, and the urgent need for active epidemiological surveillance. The risk of undetected outbreaks is highlighted, along with the importance of including these viruses in clinical algorithms—especially in residents or travelers to endemic areas and, specifically for OROV, in pregnant women with suspected arboviral infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 4","pages":"Article 503055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Características clínico-epidemiológicas de infecciones respiratorias por micobacterias no tuberculosas en el área sanitaria del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla (2020-2023)","authors":"Ana María Gómez Ortiz ,&nbsp;Laura Carrasco Hernández ,&nbsp;Carmen Calero Acuña ,&nbsp;Marta Ferrer Galván ,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Medina Gallardo ,&nbsp;José Antonio Lepe Jiménez ,&nbsp;Rafael Luque Márquez ,&nbsp;Esther Quintana Gallego ,&nbsp;Verónica González Galán","doi":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eimc.2025.503075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To analyze the characteristics of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cases with ATS-IDSA criteria from respiratory samples in the healthcare area of Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (VRUH).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective descriptive analysis was conducted including a total of 77 patients from the HUVR healthcare area who met ATS/IDSA criteria and had respiratory isolates of NTM between January 2020 and November 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NTM were isolated in a total of 367 patients, of whom 77 (20.98%) met the IDSA/ATS criteria. The most useful diagnostic respiratory sample was sputum (84.3%). The most frequently isolated species was <em>M.</em> <em>intracellulare</em> (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->26 [33.76%]), followed by <em>M.</em> <em>avium</em> (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->17 [22.07%]). In this series, 21 patients had COPD (27.27%).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our setting, the most common species is <em>M.</em> <em>intracellulare</em>. The typical patient profile is a woman with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. However, we have detected 21 cases of COPD with NTM, which makes it necessary to continue studying this group in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11608,"journal":{"name":"Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica","volume":"44 4","pages":"Article 503075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}