Endocrine Research最新文献

{"title":"Insulin Use and Poor COVID-19 Outcomes among Diabetes Patients: Association Not Necessarily Causation.","authors":"Shayan Riahi,&nbsp;Kevin Bryan Lo,&nbsp;Catherine Anastasopoulou,&nbsp;Janani Rangaswami","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1894821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1894821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our study looked at the relationship between insulin use and clinical outcomes in COVID-19. A response to our article, written by Dr. Chia Sing Kow and Dr. Syed Shahzad Hasan raised a few questions. They mentioned our use of hemoglobin A1c may be inaccurate as the patients in our study had high rates of CKD or ESRD which could alter the hemoglobin A1c levels. However due to the limitations of our patient population and perhaps in a lot of other sample populations in the real-world setting, it was the most feasible way to represent glucose control.The writers also suggested that the use of metformin, a potential confounder, was also not adjusted for. This should be considered in future research but addition of too many variables in a regression model may lead to less reliability of results for our study.The letter writers also suggested that the results of our paper may lead to misinterpretation by readers and may influence providers to not use insulin therapy for their patients when necessary due to fear of worse outcomes in the setting of COVID-19. We reiterated that it is very important that the data not be misinterpreted, and that nowhere in our paper did we imply or suggest that patients who need insulin therapy to treat their diabetes should not receive proper therapy due to the association we delineated in our paper. Instead, more careful surveillance of patients with advanced diabetes is needed especially when admitted with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"53-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1894821","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25449860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Concern: The effects of vitamin D and evening primrose oil co-supplementation on lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in vitamin D-deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1843877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1843877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1843877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38565421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Acutely Increased Endogenous- and Exogenous Ketone Bodies on FGF21 Levels in Humans.","authors":"Esben Stistrup Lauritzen,&nbsp;Mads Vandsted Svart,&nbsp;Thomas Voss,&nbsp;Niels Møller,&nbsp;Mette Bjerre","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1831015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1831015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 is a circulating hormone with metabolic regulatory importance. In mice, FGF21 increases in response to a ketogenic diet and fasting. In humans, a similar increase is only observed after prolonged starvation. We aim to study the acute effects of ketone bodies on circulating FGF21 levels in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants from three randomized, placebo-controlled crossover studies, with increased endogenous or exogenous ketone bodies, were included. Study 1: patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 9) were investigated after a) insulin deprivation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and b) insulin-controlled euglycemia. Study 2: patients with T1D (n = 9) were investigated after a) total insulin deprivation for 9 hours and b) insulin-controlled euglycemia. Study 3: Healthy adults (n = 9) were examined during a) 3-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) infusion and b) saline infusion. Plasma FGF21 was measured with immunoassay in serial samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Circulating OHB levels were significantly increased to 1.3, 1.5, and 5.5 mmol/l in the three studies, but no correlations with FGF21 levels were found. Also, no correlations between FGF21, insulin, or glucagon were found. Insulin deprivation and LPS injection resulted in increased plasma FGF21 levels at t = 120 min (<i>p</i> = .005) which normalized at t = 240 min.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no correlation between circulating FGF21 levels and levels of ketone bodies. This suggests that it is not ketosis <i>per se</i> which controls FGF21 production, but instead a rather more complex regulatory mechanism.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>clinicaltrials.gov ID number: Study 1: NCT02157155 (5/6-2014), study 2: NCT02077348 (4/3-2014), and study 3: NCT02357550 (6/2-2015).</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1831015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38504691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Treatment May Not Be Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 and Concurrent Diabetes.","authors":"Chia Siang Kow,&nbsp;Syed Shahzad Hasan","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1892748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1892748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous study reported that preadmission insulin treatment in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and concurrent diabetes was associated with a significantly increased odds of mortality. However, such association may be modified by possible baseline differences in glycemic control between insulin users and non-insulin users. Misinterpretation of the association between insulin treatment and mortality could lead to confusion in clinical practice and hospitalized patients with COVID-19 for whom insulin treatment is appropriately indicated may be omitted from such treatment. However, requirement for insulin during hospitalization for COVID-19 may be a marker of poor prognosis and as such could be used to identify patient population who require more aggressive treatments to prevent mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"51-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1892748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25408650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Comment. Caution: The Intersection of Diabetes and COVID-19.","authors":"Arthur Chernoff","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2021.1894820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2021.1894820","url":null,"abstract":"Even from the earliest days of the COVID-19 pandemic there was little doubt that diabetes was playing a significant role in the clinical course of these cases. Riahi et al. in their paper “Insulin use, diabetes control, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19” (1) add important insight into the evolving understanding of the interaction between diabetes and COVID-19 infection. This is a single-center retrospective observational study conducted in adults. It examines the impact of glycemic control and insulin requirements on the outcomes of patients with preexisting diabetes admitted with confirmed COVID-19 infection. This study population is of particular interest because it is a predominantly African American and Hispanic population with a significant incidence of comorbidities. The principal findings of this study were:","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"55-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2021.1894820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25487601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of age and sex specific TSH and FT4 reference limits in overweight and obese individuals in an iodine-replete region: Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS).","authors":"Hengameh Abdi,&nbsp;Bita Faam,&nbsp;Safoora Gharibzadeh,&nbsp;Ladan Mehran,&nbsp;Maryam Tohidi,&nbsp;Fereidoun Azizi,&nbsp;Atieh Amouzegar","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1854778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1854778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction</b>: To determine age and sex-specific thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference ranges according to body mass index (BMI) categories. <b>Methods</b>: With regards to the National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB) criteria, a total of 2818 individuals from the Tehran Thyroid Study population was selected and categorized in three BMI groups. <b>Results</b>: TSH levels did not differ significantly between BMI groups (<i>p</i> = .054). Females had statistically higher TSH levels than males in all BMI categories (<i>p</i> < .001). According to age-specific analyses, the youngest category (20-29 years) had the highest median values of serum TSH in all BMI groups. With increasing BMI, the 2.5^th percentile of TSH remained approximately unchanged and the 97.5^th percentile showed an increasing pattern. FT4 level was significantly higher in the normal weight group compared to obese individuals (<i>p</i> < .001); females had significantly lower FT4 levels than males in normal weight and obese groups (<i>p</i> < .001). According to age categories, the youngest group (20-29 years) had higher levels of FT4 than the elderly group in all BMI categories. A decreasing pattern in both 2.5^th and 97.5^th percentiles of FT4 was observed along with increasing BMI. <b>Conclusions</b>: Compared to the normal weight population, obese individuals have slightly lower FT4 concentrations accompanied by similar TSH levels. With increasing BMI, upper limits of TSH and FT4 show increasing and decreasing patterns, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"37-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1854778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38689258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status and COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients.","authors":"Betsy Szeto, Jason E Zucker, Elijah D LaSota, Mishaela R Rubin, Marcella D Walker, Michael T Yin, Adi Cohen","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1867162","DOIUrl":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1867162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Context</b>: Populations severely affected by COVID-19 are also at risk for vitamin D deficiency. Common risk factors include older age, chronic illness, obesity, and non-Caucasian race. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with risk for respiratory infections and failure, susceptibility and response to therapy for enveloped virus infection, and immune-mediated inflammatory reaction.<b>Objective</b>: To test the hypothesis that 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] deficiency is a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 respiratory and inflammatory complications.<b>Design</b>: We examined the relationship between prehospitalization 25(OH)D levels (obtained 1-365 days prior to admission) and COVID-19 clinical outcomes in 700 COVID-19 positive hospitalized patients.<b>Primary Outcomes</b>: Discharge status, mortality, length of stay, intubation status, renal replacement.<b>Secondary Outcomes</b>: Inflammatory markers.<b>Results</b>: 25(OH)D levels were available in 93 patients [25(OH)D:25(IQR:17-33)ng/mL]. Compared to those without 25(OH)D levels, those with measurements did not differ in age, BMI or distribution of sex and race, but were more likely to have comorbidities. Those with 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (n = 35) did not differ from those with 25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/mL in terms of age, sex, race, BMI, or comorbidities. Low 25(OH)D tended to be associated with younger age and lower frequency of preexisting pulmonary disease. There were no significant between-group differences in any outcome. Results were similar in those ≥50 years, in male/female-only cohorts, and when differing 25(OH)D thresholds were used (<15 ng/mL and <30 ng/mL). There was no relationship between 25(OH)D as a continuous variable and any outcome, even after controlling for age and pulmonary disease.<b>Conclusions</b>: These preliminary data do not support a relationship between prehospitalization vitamin D status and COVID-19 clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7784779/pdf/IERC_0_1867162.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38765571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Use, Diabetes Control, and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Shayan Riahi,&nbsp;Lorenna Rodrigues Silva Sombra,&nbsp;Kevin Bryan Lo,&nbsp;Shireen R Chacko,&nbsp;Alvaro Goncalves Mendes Neto,&nbsp;Zurab Azmaiparashvili,&nbsp;Gabriel Patarroyo-Aponte,&nbsp;Janani Rangaswami,&nbsp;Catherine Anastasopoulou","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1856865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1856865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: The novel coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, the effects of diabetes control including insulin use remain uncertain in terms of clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19.<b>Methods</b>: In this single-center, retrospective observational study, all adult patients admitted to Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, from March 1 through April 24, 2020 with a diagnosis of COVID-19 and diabetes were included. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, insulin dose at home and at the hospital, other anti-hyperglycemic agents use, and outcomes were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the factors associated with diabetes control and mortality.<b>Results</b>: Patients who used insulin at home had higher mortality compared to those who did not (35% vs 18% <i>p</i> = .015), this was true even after adjustment for demographics, comorbidities and a1c OR 2.65 95% CI (1.23-5.71) <i>p</i> = .013. However, the mean a1c and the median home requirements of insulin did not significantly differ among patients who died compared to the ones that survived. Patients who died had significantly higher inpatient insulin requirements (highest day insulin requirement recorded in units during hospitalization) 36 (11-86) vs 21 (8-52) <i>p</i> = .043 despite similar baseline a1c and steroid doses received. After adjusting for demographics, comorbidities and a1c, peak insulin requirements remained significantly associated with inpatient mortality OR 1.022 95% CI (1.00-1.04) <i>p</i> = .044.<b>Conclusion</b>: Among diabetic patients infected with COVID-19, insulin therapy at home was significantly independently associated with increased mortality. Peak daily inpatient insulin requirements was also independently associated with increased inpatient mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1856865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38334380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Urinary Glucose and Renal Uric Acid Excretion in Non-diabetic Patients with Stage 1-2 Chronic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Xinhui Feng,&nbsp;Yuqi Zheng,&nbsp;Haochen Guan,&nbsp;Xun Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhang,&nbsp;Chensheng Fu,&nbsp;Jing Xiao,&nbsp;Zhibin Ye","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1850760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1850760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims</b>: To test the hypothesis that in non-diabetic patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), the renal excretion of urate and glucose transportation are coupled and interconnected. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study of 255 non-diabetic participants with stage 1-2 CKD recruited from our department was conducted. Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to study the correlation between urinary glucose and renal uric acid excretion. ANOVA was used to compare urinary uric acid excretion among three tertiles of urinary glucose (UG; UG1: UG<0.24 mmol/24 h/1.73 m², UG2: 0.24 mmol/24 h/1.73 m²≤ UG≤0.55 mmol/24 h/1.73 m², and UG3: UG>0.55 mmol/24 h/1.73 m²), the fractional excretion of glucose (FEG; FEG1: FEG<0.04%, FEG2: 0.04%≤FEG≤0.09%, and FEG3: FEG>0.09%) and the excretion of glucose per volume of glomerular filtration (EgGF; EgGF1: EgGF<1.95 μmol/L, EgGF2: 1.95 μmol/L≤ EgGF≤3.99 μmol/L, and EgGF3: EgGF>3.99 μmol/L). <b>Results</b>: According to the multiple linear regression analysis, FEG and EgGF were positively correlated with the excretion of uric acid per volume of glomerular filtration (EurGF) after adjusting for confounding factors. The EurGF levels in the highest tertiles of UG, FEG and EgGF were higher than those in the lowest tertiles of UG, FEG and EgGF. <b>Conclusion</b>: Urinary glucose excretion is closely related to renal excretion of uric acid in non-diabetic patients with stage 1-2 CKD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"28-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1850760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38646807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Vagotomy and Sympathectomy on the Feeding Responses Evoked by Intra-Aortic Cholecystokinin-8 in Adult Male Sprague Dawley Rats.","authors":"Thaer R Mhalhal,&nbsp;Martha C Washington,&nbsp;John C Heath,&nbsp;Ayman I Sayegh","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1861621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1861621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vagus nerve and the celiaco-mesenteric ganglia (CMG) are required for reduction of meal size (MS) and prolongation of the intermeal interval (IMI) by intraperitoneal (ip) sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8). However, recently we have shown that the gut regulates these responses. Therefore, reevaluating the role of the vagus and the CMG in the feeding responses evoked by CCK is necessary because the gut contains the highest concentration of enteric, vagal and splanchnic afferents and CCK-A receptors, which are required for reduction of food intake by this peptide, compared to other abdominal organs. To address this necessity, we injected sulfated CCK-8 (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 3 nmol/kg) in the aorta, near the gastrointestinal sites of action of the peptide, in three groups of free-feeding rats (n = 10 rats per group), subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VGX), celiaco-mesenteric ganglionectomy (CMGX) and sham-operated, and recorded seven feeding responses. In the sham group, CCK-8 reduced MS (normal chow), prolonged the intermeal interval (IMI, time between first and second meals), increased satiety ratio (SR, IMI/MS), shortened duration of first meal, reduced total (24 hrs) food intake and reduced number of meals relative to saline vehicle. Vagotomy attenuated all of the previous responses except IMI length and SR, and CMGX attenuated all of those responses. In conclusion, the feeding responses evoked by sulfated CCK-8 require, independently, the vagus nerve and the CMG.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"46 2","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1861621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38804327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}