Endocrine Research最新文献

{"title":"FSH/AMH Ratio and Adipocyte Size are Linked to Ovarian Dysfunction.","authors":"Jackson A Roberts,&nbsp;Ryann M Carpenter,&nbsp;Sarah N Blythe,&nbsp;Natalia Toporikova","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2020.1721015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2020.1721015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>While the relationship between obesity and reproductive dysfunction is well known, the physiological mechanism behind obesity-related infertility remains unclear. Previous work suggests that follicle development prior to ovulation is disrupted in obese individuals. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) are two key regulators of follicle development, and the poorest reproductive outcomes have been recorded when these hormones are imbalanced. In order to understand how obesity impacts the reproductive axis, the present study induces reproductive dysfunction in female rats using a high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHS). <b>Results:</b> In our study, several animals on the HFHS diet displayed abnormal estrous cycles. The HFHS diet also resulted in an increased prevalence of ovarian cysts and decreased formation of corpora lutea. Across all groups, the FSH/AMH ratio displayed a strong negative correlation with pre-antral, antral, and total follicle counts. Moreover, rats on the HFHS diet displayed larger adipocytes and produced higher levels of leptin than controls. When combined with average adipocyte size in multiple regression, the FSH/AMH ratio was strongly associated with cyst formation in the ovary. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings provide strong evidence for the potential relevance of a combined FSH/AMH ratio as a marker of ovarian health and follicular status. Therefore, this ratio reflects a complex interaction between the reproductive and metabolic systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 3","pages":"174-189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2020.1721015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37582022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obesity and Related Metabolic Biomarkers and Its Association with Serum Levels of Estrogen in Pre-pubertal Chilean Girls","authors":"Diana Carolina Mesa Valencia, V. Mericq, C. Corvalán, Ana Pereira","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1681448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1681448","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Recent reports show that girls with higher body mass index (BMI) have an earlier puberty onset (thelarche). It has been suggested that earlier puberty is a consequence of higher levels of estrogen due to increased aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue. Thus, we aimed to assess the relation between serum levels of estrogen and excess weight (BMI ≥1SD) and central adiposity (>75th percentile for waist circumference) in prepubertal girls at age 7. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study within the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study of 1190 low-middle income children from Santiago, Chile. We selected a random sample of 107 prepubertal girls at age 7. A trained dietitian measured weight, height and waist circumference. Additionally, a fasting blood sample was collected to measure serum levels of estradiol equivalents (via ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and leptin. Results: Excess weight was observed in 40% of our sample; 11.2% had high central adiposity, and the mean level of estradiol equivalents was 3.6 ± 2.3 pg/ml. In the univariate and multivariate analyzes, we did not observe an association between excess weight, central adiposity and estradiol equivalent levels; however, insulin was inversely associated with the serum level of estradiol equivalents. Conclusions: Our participants had a mean level of estradiol equivalents of 3.6 pg/ml (±2.3 pg/ml) at the pre-pubertal stage. However, with the exception of insulin, we did not observe an association between estradiol equivalents and markers of adiposity and metabolic and hormonal factors.","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"102 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1681448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48230349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Nodules in Severely Obese Patients: Frequency and Risk of Malignancy on Ultrasonography.","authors":"Raquel Andrade de Siqueira,&nbsp;Ana Paula Dos Santos Rodrigues,&nbsp;Lucas Massao Miamae,&nbsp;Eduardo Kiyoshi Tomimori,&nbsp;Erika Aparecida Silveira","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1625056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1625056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: We aimed to compare the thyroid ultrasonographic findings of severely obese <i>versus</i> nonobese individuals, and the frequency, characteristics, and risk of malignancy in detected nodules.<b>Design</b>: Case-control study including 67 adults with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35 kg/m²) and 67 nonobese controls (BMI < 30 kg/m²). The participants underwent ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid and cervical subcutaneous tissue. The risk of malignancy in detected nodules was determined using the American Thyroid Association (ATA) 2015 and the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classifications. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed in nodules for which the procedure was recommended according to the ATA-2015 or TI-RADS criteria, and the cytological evaluation followed the Bethesda classification.<b>Results</b>: The mean BMI values in the case and control groups were 47.0 ± 6.1 kg/m² and 22.8 ± 2.7 kg/m², respectively. There were no differences between groups regarding sex, age, total T3, and antiperoxidase (antiTPO) antibody positivity. When compared with controls, severely obese individuals showed a greater frequency of parenchymal hypoechogenicity (p = 0.042), cervical subcutaneous tissue thickness (p < 0.001), overall frequency of thyroid nodules (p = 0.038), and frequency of multiple nodules (p = 0.013). No significant differences were observed in terms of risk of nodular malignancy according to both the ATA-2015 and TI-RADS classifications in severely obese compared with nonobese individuals.<b>Conclusions</b>: Severely obese individuals (<i>versus</i> nonobese controls) presented increased parenchymal hypoechogenicity and frequency of thyroid nodules on ultrasonographic evaluation. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of risk of nodular malignancy between both groups according to the ATA-2015 and TI-RADS criteria. Thus, ultrasonographic thyroid screening of severely obese individuals is not justified.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1625056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37376297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Omentin Rs2274907 and Vaspin Rs2236242 Gene Polymorphisms Related to Body Composition, Lipid Profile and Other Adipokines in Prepubertal Healthy Children?","authors":"Joanna Gajewska,&nbsp;Alina Kuryłowicz,&nbsp;Ewa Mierzejewska,&nbsp;Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz,&nbsp;Magdalena Chełchowska,&nbsp;Halina Weker,&nbsp;Monika Pietrzykowska,&nbsp;Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1630842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1630842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose/Aim</b>: So far no research concerning the omentin-1 (<i>ITLN1)</i> rs2274907 and vaspin (<i>SERPINA12)</i> rs2236242 polymorphisms has been carried out in a healthy pediatric population. We analyzed associations of these polymorphisms with anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, as well as adiponectin, leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in prepubertal healthy children, to search for their possible role in the risk of obesity and obesity-related disorders.<b>Materials and Methods</b>: Frequencies of these polymorphisms were analyzed by the restriction fragment length polymorphism in 89 normal-weight children. The body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum levels of adipokines were measured using ELISA methods.<b>Results</b>: We observed differences in values of HDL-cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.039) in children carrying different genotypes of the <i>ITLN1</i> rs2274907 polymorphism. In children carrying different genotypes of the <i>SERPINA12</i> rs2236242 polymorphism differences in BMI (<i>p</i> =0.025) and BMI Z-score (<i>p</i> = 0.01) values were found. Significant relations between anthropometric parameters and levels of HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were associated with minor alleles of the studied polymorphisms. In addition, leptin/sOB-R ratio was related to HDL-cholesterol (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.03) levels in children carrying minor allele of the <i>SERPINA12</i> rs2236242 SNP.<b>Conclusions</b>: We suggest that both <i>ITLN1</i> rs2274907 and <i>SERPINA12</i> rs2236242 polymorphisms influence body composition and lipid profile in prepubertal healthy children. Relations between anthropometric parameters, lipid and adipokine levels may be associated with minor alleles of the studied polymorphisms. The possible role of these polymorphisms in the modulation of the risk of obesity and obesity-related disorders in the later life might be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1630842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37333541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Resistin Is Associated with Plasma Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype-4 Infection.","authors":"Doaa M Ibrahim,&nbsp;El Saeid E Shaaban,&nbsp;Tarek A Fouad","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1627551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1627551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: Limited and contradictory data on the circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and resistin in hepatitis C virus genotype-4 (HCV-4) cirrhotic patients are present. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate their concentrations and to investigate the association between total GLP-1, resistin, and insulin resistance in those patients.<b>Materials and Methods</b>: Non-diabetic HCV-4 cirrhotic patients (n = 80; 40 with Child-Pugh A, 20 with Child-Pugh B, and 20 with Child-Pugh C), and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The basal circulating levels of total GLP-1 and resistin along with serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured.<b>Results</b>: Plasma GLP-1 and serum resistin levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than controls (<i>P</i> < . 001). Moreover, circulating GLP-1 and resistin levels increased in a stepwise fashion in line with increasing grade of liver damage. According to Spearman's rank correlation, both GLP-1 and resisitin correlated positively with each other, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio while they correlated negatively with albumin (<i>P</i> < .001). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that ALT, serum resistin and Child-Pugh score independently influenced the GLP-1 levels in cirrhotic patients.<b>Conclusions</b>: Circulating levels of GLP-1 and resistin were elevated in cirrhotic patients with HCV-4. Further, the severity of liver cirrhosis and serum resistin were the determinant factors explaining the variability of GLP-1 levels by about 84%. In addition, a positive relation was found between insulin resistance and both GLP-1 and resistin levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1627551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37316668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testotoxicosis without Testicular Mass: Revealed by Peripheral Precocious Puberty and Confirmed by Somatic LHCGR Gene Mutation","authors":"A. Daussac, P. Barat, N. Servant, M. Yacoub, S. Missonier, F. Lavran, L. Gaspari, C. Sultan, F. Paris","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1645163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1645163","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Testotoxicosis is an autosomal dominant form of limited gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty in boys. It is caused by a heterozygous constitutively activating mutation of the LHCGR gene encoding the luteinizing/hormone receptor (LHR). Some twenty mutations of the LHCGR gene have been reported. Most of them are constitutive mutations isolated from blood leukocyte DNA, although others are somatic, found only in testicular tumoural tissue. In all the previously reported cases of these somatic mutations, the tumour, whether a nodular Leydig cell adenoma or hyperplasia, was easily visible on testicular ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to describe an unusual presentation of a patient with the clinical and hormonal characteristics of testotoxicosis but no well-circumscribed lesion at testicular ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Molecular analysis of the LHCGR gene was performed by direct sequencing of DNA extracted from peripheral leucocytes and testicular biopsy. Results: Molecular analysis didn’t find any LHR mutation in blood, whereas it revealed for the first time a somatic D578H mutation in testicular tissue despite no evidence of a nodular aspect at testis ultrasonography. Conclusions: This observation underlines the need to look for a somatic LHCGR gene mutation from the testicular biopsies of all boys with testotoxicosis with no constitutive LHCGR gene mutation identified from blood DNA, even in the absence of circumscribed testicular lesion at ultrasonography. In addition, based on the known link between LHR mutations and testicular tumourigenesis, yearly ultrasound monitoring of the testes should be considered for these patients.","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"32 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1645163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45331590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigenome- and Transcriptome-wide Changes in Muscle Stem Cells from Low Birth Weight Men","authors":"C. Broholm, R. Ribel‐Madsen, Line Hjort, A. Olsson, J. M. Ahlers, N. S. Hansen, M. Schrölkamp, L. Gillberg, A. Perfilyev, Petr A. Volkov, C. Ling, S. W. Jørgensen, Brynjulf Mortensen, J. Hingst, J. Wojtaszewski, C. Schéele, C. Brøns, B. Pedersen, A. Vaag","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1669160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1669160","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Being born with low birth weight (LBW) is a risk factor for muscle insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms programmed by the intrauterine environment. Epigenetic mechanisms exert their prime effects in developing cells. We hypothesized that muscle insulin resistance in LBW subjects may be due to early differential epigenomic and transcriptomic alterations in their immature muscle progenitor cells. Results: Muscle progenitor cells were obtained from 23 healthy young adult men born at term with LBW, and 15 BMI-matched normal birth weight (NBW) controls. The cells were subsequently cultured and differentiated into myotubes. DNA and RNA were harvested before and after differentiation for genome-wide DNA methylation and RNA expression measurements. After correcting for multiple comparisons (q ≤ 0.05), 56 CpG sites were found to be significantly, differentially methylated in myoblasts from LBW compared with NBW men, of which the top five gene-annotated CpG sites (SKI, ARMCX3, NR5A2, NEUROG, ESRRG) previously have been associated to regulation of cholesterol, fatty acid and glucose metabolism and muscle development or hypertrophy. LBW men displayed markedly decreased myotube gene expression levels of the AMPK-repressing tyrosine kinase gene FYN and the histone deacetylase gene HDAC7. Silencing of FYN and HDAC7 was associated with impaired myotube formation, which for HDAC7 reduced muscle glucose uptake. Conclusions: The data provides evidence of impaired muscle development predisposing LBW individuals to T2D is linked to and potentially caused by distinct DNA methylation and transcriptional changes including down regulation of HDAC7 and FYN in their immature myoblast stem cells.","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"58 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1669160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47710386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Free Thyroxine Levels and Diabetic Retinopathy in Euthyroid Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Xiaocen Kong, Jian Wang, Gu Gao, M. Tan, B. Ding, Huiqin Li, J. Ma","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1690504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1690504","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid parameters and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in euthyroid patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 911 euthyroid patients with T2DM (539 men and 372 women; mean age, 60.81 ± 12.93 years) were enrolled. Clinical factors were assessed and free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured. DR was diagnosed using fundus fluorescein angiography. Results: Compared with patients without DR (n = 718), patients with DR (n = 193) exhibited lower FT3 (4.40 ± 0.58 vs. 4.50 ± 0.51 pmol/L; P = .019) and FT4 (14.86 ± 2.09 vs. 15.91 ± 2.18 pmol/L; P < .001) and higher TSH (1.86 [1.22, 2.66] vs. 1.58 [1.14, 2.34] µIU/mL; P = .015) levels. After adjustment for potential DR risk factors, patients in the highest tertile of plasma FT4 levels had a 0.332-fold likelihood of developing DR compared with those in the lowest tertile of plasma FT4 levels (Ptrend < 0.001). The prevalence of DR showed a significantly decreasing trend across the three tertiles based on FT4 levels (31.35%, 19.08% and 13.16%; Ptrend < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for the presence of proliferative DR. Conclusion: These findings suggest that low-normal FT4 levels are associated with the prevalence of DR in euthyroid patients with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"111 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1690504","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44713238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport of the Thyroid Hormone Carrier Protein Transthyretin into Human Epidermoid Cells","authors":"V. Fong, S. Wong, P. Jintaridhi, A. Vieira","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1694538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1694538","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Purpose: Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein with a growing number of biological functions in addition to its well-established binding and circulatory transport of thyroxine, and indirect retinoid transport through interaction with retinol-binding protein. Misfolded and aggregated wild-type and mutant TTRs are involved in amyloid diseases. Several aspects of TTR pathology and physiology remain poorly understood. Receptor-mediated cellular transport of TTR has been described in a few cell types; and such studies suggest the possibility of different TTR receptors and endocytic pathways. Our main objective was to further understand the endocytic pathways for TTR. Methods: In the current study, analyses of TTR endocytic transport were performed in the human A431 cell line. The results of TTR uptake were compared with those of the iron-carrier protein transferrin (Tf, a common stardard for endocytosis studies) in the same cell types. Results: A comparison of TTR and Tf endocytosis suggested similar early, 5–10 min, accumulation kinetics. But at a later time, 30 min, TTR accumulation was 20-30% lower than that of Tf (p < .05), a result that suggests different post-endocytic fates for these two ligands. Through the use of multiple endocytosis inhibitors, biochemical evidence is provided for an internalization pathway that differs from the clathrin-mediated endocytosis of Tf. Conclusions: These results for A431 cells are compared with others reported for different cell types; and it is suggested that this same hormone carrier protein can transit into cells through multiple endocytic pathways.","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"131 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1694538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44007031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of IL-21 on the Balance of Th17 Cells/Treg Cells in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Disease.","authors":"Yan Tan,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Chun Liu,&nbsp;Xiaoya Zheng,&nbsp;Ai Guo,&nbsp;Jian Long","doi":"10.1080/07435800.2019.1600535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07435800.2019.1600535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graves' disease (GD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disease, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-21 in the regulation of Th17/Treg cells in GD. We recruited 28 newly diagnosed GD patients, 27 GD patients in remission (eGD), and 24 normal controls (NC). Thyroid function and autoantibodies were evaluated by electrochemical luminescence. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and cultured with or without recombinant human interleukin-21 (rhIL-21), and mRNA and protein levels were quantified by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Compared with those in the eGD and control groups, the thyroid function indexes and autoantibodies levels were significantly different in the GD group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Without rhIL-21 stimulation, the expression levels of retinoid-related orphan gamma t (RORγt), IL-17, IL-22, forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3) and IL-10 mRNA and the IL-10 and IL-22 proteins were significantly higher in the GD group than those in the eGD and control groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). rhIL-21 stimulation increased the RORγt, IL-17, and IL-22 mRNA levels and IL-22 protein levels and decreased the Foxp3 and IL-10 mRNA levels and IL-10 protein levels (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in the GD group. In conclusion, our analyses demonstrated that IL-21 might induce the differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells to Th17 cells and reduce Treg cell differentiation, which could contribute to activation of the downstream immune response and the pathogenesis of GD.</p>","PeriodicalId":11601,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine Research","volume":"44 4","pages":"138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07435800.2019.1600535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37212156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}