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Quantifying the hedge and diversification potential of green markets against climate risk 量化绿色市场对气候风险的对冲和多样化潜力
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101929
Muhammad Abubakr Naeem , Mohammad Enamul Hoque , Mabruk Billah , Muneer Shaik
{"title":"Quantifying the hedge and diversification potential of green markets against climate risk","authors":"Muhammad Abubakr Naeem ,&nbsp;Mohammad Enamul Hoque ,&nbsp;Mabruk Billah ,&nbsp;Muneer Shaik","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores extreme dependence structure between climate risk and green markets, focusing on their diversification, hedging, and safe-haven potential. We employ a time varying optimal copula and a conditional diversification benefit between green markets and climate risk. The results exhibit a symmetric, asymmetric and tail dependence structure between climate risk and green markets. The dependence structure varies with a pair of green markets/climate risks and time periods include economic crises, climate agreement events, and climatic disasters. The green markets demonstrate the simultaneous presence of diversification, hedging, and safe-haven characteristics in response to climate change and physical risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101929"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Driving sustainable economic growth through the energy Indicators: Insights from the ARDL and machine learning approaches 通过能源指标推动可持续经济增长:来自ARDL和机器学习方法的见解
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101924
Hafiz M. Sohail , Zhenna Huang , Mirzat Ullah , HM Rashid Nazir , Nazatul Faizah Haron , Oleg Mariev
{"title":"Driving sustainable economic growth through the energy Indicators: Insights from the ARDL and machine learning approaches","authors":"Hafiz M. Sohail ,&nbsp;Zhenna Huang ,&nbsp;Mirzat Ullah ,&nbsp;HM Rashid Nazir ,&nbsp;Nazatul Faizah Haron ,&nbsp;Oleg Mariev","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving affordable and clean energy targets is essential for sustainable development and high-quality economic growth, in alignment with the United Nations Agenda 2030. Previous studies have examined the effects of clean and non-clean energy on economic growth, yet limited attention has been given to assessing the role of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG—7) and its interaction with economic growth. This study employs pre- and post-estimation tests, selecting the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Machine Learning (ML) approaches to evaluate the interconnectedness among SDG—7 indicators and economic growth using annual time series data from 1990 to 2023. The findings reveal that the ARDL model offers significant understanding into both short- and long-term relationships between the underlined variables. Notably, energy indicators, including access to electricity, energy intensity, installed renewable energy capacity, and international financial inflows, were found to substantially contribute to long-term economic growth. Additionally, the Granger causality test identified both bidirectional and unidirectional causal relationships, with most variables exhibiting unidirectional causality. To validate the ARDL results, this study applies ML techniques, including Random Forests (RF) and Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), as robustness checks. Using four ML evaluation metrics (Mean Squared Error, Root Mean Squared Error, R<sup>2</sup>, and Out-of-Bag Error), the model demonstrated 93.4 % accuracy. These novel findings for small, open economies highlight critical policy implications, emphasizing the strategic prioritization of SDG—7 to foster environmental sustainability and sustainable economic growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impacts on China's economic growth and carbon reduction by renewable energy subsidy policy 可再生能源补贴政策对中国经济增长和碳减排的影响
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101906
Xiaoliang Xu, han Cai, rong Huang, cheng Zhou
{"title":"The impacts on China's economic growth and carbon reduction by renewable energy subsidy policy","authors":"Xiaoliang Xu,&nbsp;han Cai,&nbsp;rong Huang,&nbsp;cheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China accounts for more than half of the global renewable energy installed capacity, but how to balance China's economic growth and carbon reduction by subsidy policy still needs more empirical investigation. The paper builds a multi-sector dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the impacts on economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions from 2030 to 2050 year by using benchmark(P1,2 %), neutral(P2,3.5 %) and strong (P3,5 %) renewable energy subsidy policy scenarios, respectively. The research finds that: the renewable energy subsidy policy changes the substitution elasticity between fossil and renewable energy, which is beneficial for reducing energy price and optimizing energy consumption structure. And the strong subsidy policy has significantly enhanced the aggregate outputs of the sectors. However, the stimulative impact of subsidy policy tends to diminish gradually in the long term, while the adoption of baseline subsidy is conducive to stable economic growth. Additionally, the results show the subsidy policy is conducive to reduce PM<sub>2.5/10</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and improve energy surplus/deficit conditions. Some suggestions are given as following: when economy downturns, baseline subsidy can be adopted. As the economy recovery consolidates, progressive subsidy enhancements for energy technologies become optimal. To achieve the goals of carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060 in China, renewable energy subsidy can be increased in the short term and gradually transitioned to basic subsidy levels in a long run.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101906"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An overview of household technology adoption: promotion and transition implication at a community level 家庭技术采用概览:社区一级的促进和过渡含义
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101922
Wei Liu, Linchenyin Liu, Xuechen Gui
{"title":"An overview of household technology adoption: promotion and transition implication at a community level","authors":"Wei Liu,&nbsp;Linchenyin Liu,&nbsp;Xuechen Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to comprehensively understand household energy technology adoption and explore technology justice while proposing specific strategies for technology promotion and energy transition at the community level. First, taking New South Wales (NSW), Australia, as an example, this study classifies the households via k-modes according to household energy technology adoption, and then spatial and climate distribution are analyzed by hot pot analysis and spatial autocorrelation. Next, the suburbs are classified according to the proportion of different household clusters. The results indicated four clusters of households. Notably, the study reveals higher spatial aggregation of Gas &amp; Air-conditioning combined and Gas &amp; No heating cooling combined households. The former is more prevalent in the hot-summer and cold-winter zones of NSW, while the latter is more common in hot zones of NSW. These findings suggest potential disparities in household energy technology adoption, particularly in hot zones of NSW, which may imply an injustice in access to suitable technologies. Finally, the suburbs in NSW are classified into six clusters, laying the groundwork for proposing implications for technology promotion and energy transition in these areas. This study provides valuable guidance for promoting household technology and facilitating energy transition at the community level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scenario analyses of Japan's energy systems toward net-zero emissions by 2050 and the Japanese Government's 7th Strategic Energy Plan 2050年实现净零排放的日本能源系统情景分析和日本政府的第七个能源战略计划
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101917
Keigo Akimoto, Fuminori Sano, Takashi Homma
{"title":"Scenario analyses of Japan's energy systems toward net-zero emissions by 2050 and the Japanese Government's 7th Strategic Energy Plan","authors":"Keigo Akimoto,&nbsp;Fuminori Sano,&nbsp;Takashi Homma","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2020, the Government of Japan declared its commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050, subsequently submitting as its nationally determined contribution (NDC) a 46 % reduction in emissions by 2030 relative to 2013 levels. In February 2025, the government announced NDCs of 60 % and 73 % reductions by 2035 and 2040, respectively, which are in line with linear reductions to net-zero by 2050. At the same time, the government published its 7th Strategic Energy Plan and provided the outlook for 2040 energy supply and demand meeting the emissions reduction target. This study conducts scenario analyses using the global energy models, DNE21+ and DEARS, that served as the basis for the outlook as determined by the government. The scenario analyses focus on the price of energy in Japan relative to prices overseas due to the current status of Japan's CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and changes in its industrial structure. The reductions in GDP and steel productions under a low growth scenario which assume conservative technology improvements are 13 % and 41 %, respectively, for achieving the 73 % reduction in emissions. A risk-hedge scenario will achieve emissions reductions of 61 % by 2040 and 79 % by 2050 without such large economic damages. Scenario developments and their implications for energy and emissions reduction policies, i.e., the 7th strategic energy plan, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101917"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modelling mobility as a service (MaaS) adoption using perceived value, trust and attitude: The contingent role of environmental consciousness 利用感知价值、信任和态度对移动性即服务(MaaS)采用进行建模:环境意识的偶然作用
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101934
Ruiqi Chang , Ali Vafaei-Zadeh , Haniruzila Hanifah , Davoud Nikbin , T. Ramayah
{"title":"Modelling mobility as a service (MaaS) adoption using perceived value, trust and attitude: The contingent role of environmental consciousness","authors":"Ruiqi Chang ,&nbsp;Ali Vafaei-Zadeh ,&nbsp;Haniruzila Hanifah ,&nbsp;Davoud Nikbin ,&nbsp;T. Ramayah","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research seeks to explore the determinants influencing private vehicle owners’ readiness to adopt Mobility as a Service (MaaS) through the lens of the Value-based Adoption Model (VAM). Additionally, it examines the moderating role of attitude in shaping the relationship between attitude and the intention to use MaaS. The study employs partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to validate the proposed model. Data were collected through a survey of 355 private vehicle owners, focusing on their travel habits and openness to adopting MaaS. The findings indicate that perceived value, shaped by MaaS digital platform expectations, social influence, and perceived enjoyment, plays a central role in driving adoption. Conversely, perceived sacrifices, including privacy risk and perceived fees, significantly hinder adoption intentions. Trust, influenced by structural assurance and reputation, emerged as a critical determinant of both attitude and behavioral intention, while environmental consciousness moderates the relationship between attitude and intention, highlighting the importance of sustainability in user decisions. The study contributes to theoretical advancements by integrating socio-psychological and structural factors into VAM and offers practical insights for policymakers and MaaS providers to enhance adoption through trust-building, affordability, sustainability, and user-friendly platform design. These findings provide a roadmap for addressing the challenges of MaaS adoption and promoting sustainable urban transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101934"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing local government responses to green credit policies and their impact on urban carbon emissions in China 评估中国地方政府对绿色信贷政策的反应及其对城市碳排放的影响
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101936
Manli Yan , Weidong Li , Junjie Li , Jingcheng Li
{"title":"Assessing local government responses to green credit policies and their impact on urban carbon emissions in China","authors":"Manli Yan ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Jingcheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The efficacy of green credit policies is contingent less on their scale than on the quality of their implementation by local governments. Departing from conventional scale-based analyses, this study constructs a novel indicator for the intensity of local government policy responses to disentangle the independent effect of implementation quality on carbon abatement in China. Employing a panel dataset of Chinese provinces and municipalities, we utilize fixed-effects, System-GMM, and spatial econometric models. Our analysis yields three core findings. First, a proactive policy response at the provincial level significantly reduces carbon intensity, a finding that proves robust across a comprehensive suite of sensitivity analyses. Conversely, municipal-level responses are largely ineffective, pointing to a significant “implementation gap” within China's multi-level governance structure. Second, the policy's impact is spatiotemporally heterogeneous; its effectiveness emerges only after the 2012 national Green Credit Guidelines, and it generates positive spatial spillovers. Third, our moderation analysis reveals that the policy's abatement effect is significantly attenuated in regions with high coal dependency, confirming that carbon-intensive path dependence constitutes a formidable barrier. To diagnose the sources of this municipal-level inefficacy, we employ cluster analysis to classify cities into four distinct typologies, each facing unique implementation challenges. These findings underscore that enhancing green finance efficacy necessitates a fundamental shift from a “one-size-fits-all” framework toward interventions tailored to local governance capacity and economic context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Long-term spatially explicit electricity demand scenarios for rural electrification: The case of Ethiopia 农村电气化的长期空间明确电力需求情景:以埃塞俄比亚为例
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101931
Adugnaw Lake Temesgen , Yibeltal T. Wassie , Getachew Bekele , Erik O. Ahlgren
{"title":"Long-term spatially explicit electricity demand scenarios for rural electrification: The case of Ethiopia","authors":"Adugnaw Lake Temesgen ,&nbsp;Yibeltal T. Wassie ,&nbsp;Getachew Bekele ,&nbsp;Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Access to electricity remains a significant developmental challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa. To address this, national electrification planning must account for both the temporal evolution and spatial heterogeneity of electricity demand, reflecting local socioeconomic realities and climatic conditions. This study aims to project long-term, spatially explicit electricity demand for households, productive users, and community institutions in Ethiopia. It also assesses the potential impact of rising temperatures on future electricity demand. Regression models are used to predict temporal changes in electricity demand, while the Open-Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) is used to examine the spatial demand dynamics across population settlements. Three scenarios—Business-as-Usual (BAU), High Economic Growth (HEG), and Rapid Urbanization (RU)—are developed to explore different development pathways from 2021 to 2050. The results show that, compared to the base year (2021), national electricity demand could increase by 176 % under the BAU, 219 % under the HEG, and 285 % under the RU by 2050. The most substantial increase in electricity demand is projected to come from households, followed by productive users. Significant spatial variations are evident, with household demand ranging from Tier 1 to Tier 4. Moreover, while projected temperature increases total national demand by only 0.53 % at national level, it can increase local demand by up to 22.6 %. These findings highlight that national averages or household-only models fail to capture the significant spatial and sector-specific variations in electricity demand. Therefore, high-resolution, multi-sector demand projections are essential for designing cost-effective and equitable electrification pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101931"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to consider feasibility aspects of transformation pathways for the industry sector - implications for energy systems modelling 如何考虑工业部门转型途径的可行性-对能源系统建模的影响
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101901
Robin König , Thomas Pregger , Stefan Kronshage , Patrick Jochem , Bryce McCall , Georg Holtz , Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan , Panagiotis Fragkos , Fei Teng , Steven J. Smith , Sven Teske
{"title":"How to consider feasibility aspects of transformation pathways for the industry sector - implications for energy systems modelling","authors":"Robin König ,&nbsp;Thomas Pregger ,&nbsp;Stefan Kronshage ,&nbsp;Patrick Jochem ,&nbsp;Bryce McCall ,&nbsp;Georg Holtz ,&nbsp;Saritha Sudharmma Vishwanathan ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Fragkos ,&nbsp;Fei Teng ,&nbsp;Steven J. Smith ,&nbsp;Sven Teske","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101901","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101901"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coupling environmental policy with supply- or demand-side interventions: Impacts on three-dimensional performance 环境政策与供给侧或需求侧干预的耦合:对三维绩效的影响
IF 7.9 2区 工程技术
Energy Strategy Reviews Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101907
Wen Hu , Xiaoxu Zhang , Jiehong Lou
{"title":"Coupling environmental policy with supply- or demand-side interventions: Impacts on three-dimensional performance","authors":"Wen Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiehong Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality, balancing economic development with sustainable energy transitions remains critical, prompting governments to prioritize green innovation for both environmental and economic gains. However, reliance on environmental policies alone often leads to market-level spillovers resulting in potential risks of higher overall energy consumption, highlighting the need for cross-instrumental policy mixes. This study addresses gaps in existing research by developing a tripartite evolutionary game model involving governments, regulated firms, and unregulated firms to analyze how policy mixes - environmental regulations coupling with supply-side or demand-side interventions - affect green innovation, environmental, and economic performance. Key findings reveal that while both policy mix types can stimulate green innovation, crowding-out effects are observed only when environmental policy is combined with demand-side interventions, where the green innovation efforts of unregulated firms fail to sufficiently reduce energy consumption due to output spillovers. In comparing the complementary effects, with both types of firms adopting green innovation strategies, demand-side interventions yield higher environmental and economic complementary effects, whereas supply-side interventions only result in environmental complementary effects. Optimal policy intensity thresholds and adjustment strategies are identified to avoid crowding-out risks while maximizing complementary effects, with recommendations to cope with potential policy failures. Practically, this study provides insights for local policymakers in formulating adaptive strategies for instrument selection and intervention intensity across diverse scenarios. Future research should refine classifications of green innovation, incorporate supply-chain dynamics, and expand market competition analyses to enhance policy design robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 101907"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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